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Oligosaccharide-Supplemented Soy Ice Cream for Diabetic Patients : Quality Characteristics and Effects on Blood Sugar and Lipids in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

Bo Young HER ; Hye Young SUNG ; Young Sun CHOI

The Korean Journal of Nutrition.2005;38(8):663-671.

The purpose of this study was to investigate not only quality characteristics such as overrun, meltdown and sensory evaluation of oligosaccharide-supplemented soy ice cream but also physiological effects of ice cream with soy and/or oligosaccharide on blood sugar and lipid profile in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Powder of parched soybean was added at 7.6% replacing skimmed milk and cream, soybean oil at 7.6% replacing milk oil in cream, and fructooligosaccharide at 9.5% replacing sucrose on weight basis. Five kinds of ice cream were prepared: MMS (skimmed milk, milk oil, sucrose), MMO (skimmed milk, milk oil, oligosaccharide), SSS (soybean, soybean oil, sucrose), SSO (soybean, soybean oil, oligosaccharide), and BSO (black soybean, soybean oil, oligosaccharide). Overrun and meltdown of soy ice cream were significantly lower than those of milk ice cream. Scores of sensory evaluation especially in mouth feel and melting feel in mouth were lower in soy ice cream. Freeze-dried ice cream was supplemented to AIN93-based diets at 30% (w/w). Sprague-Dawley male rats with diabetes induced by injecting streptozotocin were fed experimental diets for 4 weeks. Plasma glucose level was significantly lowered in SSO group compared with MMS group. Plasma insulin levels of MMO and SSO groups were not significantly different from that of normal group, while those of MMS and SSS group were significantly lower than normal group. Plasma cholesterol was decreased in groups fed ice cream supplemented either soybean or fructooligosaccharide compared to MMS group. HDL-cholesterol level was elevated and triglyceride was decreased significantly in MMO group compared to MMS group. LDL-cholesterol levels of SSS and BSO groups and liver triglyceride level of SSO group were significantly lower compared to MMS group. In conclusion, oligosaccharide-supplemented soy ice cream lowered blood sugar, and ice cream supplemented with soybean and/or oligosaccharide improved lipid profile in diabetic rats.
Animals ; Blood Glucose* ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Freezing ; Humans ; Ice Cream* ; Ice* ; Insulin ; Liver ; Male ; Milk ; Mouth ; Plasma ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Soybean Oil ; Soybeans ; Streptozocin ; Sucrose ; Triglycerides

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Calcium and Phosphorus Balance Study by Soy Isoflavone Intake in Ovariectomized Rats.

Moon Jeong CHANG ; Kyung Jin KWON ; Sun Hee KIM

The Korean Journal of Nutrition.2005;38(1):40-47.

This study was performed to determine the effect of three different concentrations of soy-isoflavones on calcium and phosphorus balance in either sham-operated or ovariectomized female rats. Seventy-two 16-week old Sprague-Dawley rats underwent sham operation or bilateral ovariectomy. They were provided diets containing different levels of soy isoflavones for 6 weeks: 50 ppm (low isoflavone intake; LI), 250 ppm (medium isoflavone intake; MI) and 500 ppm (high isoflavone intake; HI). The subsequent fecal and urinary excretions of calcium and phosphorus were then measured. In the sham-operated rats, body weight gains and food efficiency ratio of the MI and HI groups were significantly lower than the control group while food intake was not different. However, there was no significant difference in the ovariectomized rats. The fecal excretion of calcium was significantly lower in the LI, MI and HI groups than the control group in sham operated rats, and significantly lower in the HI group than the control group in ovariectomized rats. Also, apparent absorption rate of calcium and phosphorus did not show any significant difference among groups. Urinary excretion of calcium and phosphorus was significantly lower in the HI group than the LI group in the sham-operated rats. Urinary excretion of calcium was significantly higher in the control ovariectomized rats than in the control sham-operated rats. Retention of calcium and phosphorus did not show any significant difference in both groups. From the above result, we see that isoflavone intake increases calcium retention through an increase in calcium absorption and also suppresses the increase of calcium excretion in urine in ovariectomy. Therefore, it is suggested that isoflavone intake is recommended for menopausal women who experience sharp bone loss due to the decrease in estrogen hormone.
Absorption ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Calcium* ; Diet ; Eating ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Isoflavones ; Ovariectomy ; Phosphorus* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

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Associations of Household Food Insecurity with Socioeconomic Measures, Health Status and Nutrient Intake in Low Income Elderly.

Sung Ok KWON ; Se Young OH

The Korean Journal of Nutrition.2007;40(8):762-768.

This study examined household food insecurity and the associations of food insecurity with socioeconomic conditions, food behaviors, and nutrient intakes among 458 older adults (mean age = 73.2 +/- 4.5) from 5 clusters of low-income areas in Seoul, Korea. Using an adapted version of the USDA short form household food insecurity scale, 63.4% of the households were food insecure (40.7% for food insecure without hunger and 22.7% for food insecure with hunger). The proportion of household was lower on the items measured more severe level of food insecurity. Food insecurity was linearly and negatively associated with food expenditure, food secured period and the degree of nutrition management skills, health status and depression. Food secure older adults had more of energy and other nutrients from animal resources (riboflavin and animal protein, fat and calcium), but less of carbohydrates than those from the food insecure households. These results suggest household food insecurity measures used in this study was valid as well as food insecurity was prevalent and an important indicator of nutrition well-being among low income elderly persons.
Adult ; Aged* ; Animals ; Carbohydrates ; Depression ; Family Characteristics* ; Food Supply* ; Health Expenditures ; Humans ; Hunger ; Korea ; Seoul ; Social Class ; United States Department of Agriculture

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Association between Compliance with Dietary Guidelines and Dyslipidemia among Koreans.

So Young HONG ; Kye Heui LEE ; Hong Soo LEE ; Myoung Sook LEE ; Sun Ha JEE ; Hyojee JOUNG

The Korean Journal of Nutrition.2007;40(8):745-752.

While metabolic syndrome (MS) is rapidly expanding and dietary pattern, the known risk factor of MS, goes through heavy transition to western diet, not many researches have been done on the association between dyslipidemia and dietary factors in Korean adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between compliance with dietary guidelines and dyslipidemia among Koreans. The subjects of 399 adults who visited health examination center were classified into dyslipidemia (n = 180) and control (n = 219). Diagnosis of dyslipidemia was based on NCEPATPIII criteria (triglyceride > = 150 mg/d, HDL-C < 50 mg/dl for male, HDL-C < 40 mg/dl for female). A questionnaire based interview was done to collect information on compliance with dietary guidelines, general characteristics and health related behaviors. Anthropometric variables were measured during the survey. Mean compliance score of dietary guideline was significantly lower in dyslipidemia group than in control. It was associated negatively with waist circumference and positively with serum HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.05). Risks of dyslipidemia were significantly decreased in the group with highest dietary guideline score; high serum triglyceride levels (OR = 0.484, 95% CI = 0.268-0.875), abdominal obesity (OR = 0.296, 95% CI = 0.159-0.553), and dyslipidemia (OR = 0.481, 95% CI = 0.266-0.869). These results indicated that increasing compliance with dietary guidelines could be an effective strategy to lower the risk of dyslipidemia among Koreans.
Adult ; Compliance* ; Diagnosis ; Diet ; Dyslipidemias* ; Humans ; Male ; Nutrition Policy* ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides ; Waist Circumference

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Analysis of Manganese Content in Frequently Consumed Foods by Koreans.

Mi Kyeong CHOI ; Eun Young KIM

The Korean Journal of Nutrition.2007;40(8):769-778.

Using ICP-AES, we analyzed manganese content in 366 foods consumed frequently by Koreans. For the analysis, it was included a total of 366 foods such as 51 kinds of grains, 7 kinds of potatoes and starches, 7 kinds of sugars and sweeteners, 12 kinds of legumes, 11 kinds of nuts and seeds, 68 kinds of vegetables, 7 kinds of mushrooms, 33 kinds of fruits, 13 kinds of meats, 4 kinds of eggs, 48 kinds of fishes and shellfishes, 7 kinds of seaweeds, 16 kinds of milks, 8 kinds of oils and fats, 27 kinds of beverages, 34 kinds of seasonings, 13 kinds of processed foods and others. Among the grains, starches and sugars, manganese content of rice was 0.745 mg/100 g. As for legumes, the content of manganese in soybean milk was 0.033 mg/100 g and in black beans was 4.075 mg/100 g. In nuts and seeds, the content of manganese in gingko nuts was 0.268 mg/100 g while that in pine nuts was 8.872 mg/100 g. Among the vegetables, manganese contents were 0.061 mg/100 g in cherry tomato and 14.017 mg/100 g in ginger. In mushrooms, the highest manganese content was displayed in ear mushroom at 10.382 mg/100 g. Dried jujube and shrimp were found to be the fruits and fishes with high manganese contents at 2.985 mg/100 g and 3.512 mg/100 g, respectively. Among dairy foods, oils and beverages, manganese content was the highest in instant coffee powder at 2.577 mg/100 g. Seasonings and processed foods posted 0.010 mg/100 g in Sagolgomtang, instant soup and 23.846 mg/100 g in pepper. In a furture, more various food for manganese content needs to be analyzed and a reliable food database should be compiled from the findings of researches in order to estimate manganese consumption accurately.
Agaricales ; Beverages ; Carbohydrates ; Edible Grain ; Coffee ; Ear ; Eggs ; Fabaceae ; Fats ; Fishes ; Fruit ; Ginger ; Ginkgo biloba ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; Manganese* ; Meat ; Milk ; Nuts ; Oils ; Ovum ; Prunus ; Seasons ; Shellfish ; Solanum tuberosum ; Soybeans ; Starch ; Sweetening Agents ; Vegetables ; Ziziphus

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Evaluation of Eating Habit and Dietary Intake by Family Type of Seniors Utilizing Social Welfare Center in Seoul.

Eun Mee KIM ; Yeon Joo SONG ; Hyun Sook KIM

The Korean Journal of Nutrition.2007;40(8):753-761.

The objective of our study was to evaluate the dietary intakes and eating habit for seniors utilizing ten different social welfare centers in Seoul, Korea. The total number of subjects of this study was 543 (male: 199, female: 344) of 60 years of age or older. The survey was performed through personal interview questionnaires from May 3rd to June 1st 2006. After assigning subjects to four categories based on family type, single, couple, joint family, and other, these categories were compared with the estimated total nutrient intakes and eating habit. Validity was assessed by comparison with 24-hour dietary recalls and dietary variety score (DVS). The results showed that senior in single family type was far lower than that of couple family type in terms of frequency of meal per day and intake of snacks. Dietary variety score represented that a single female with social security beneficiary showed the lowest variety score compared with other family type. The lunch meal provided by social welfare center turned out to be the most nutritious diet and had significant proportion of daily intakes in essential nutrients such as protein, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin C. Taken together, the family type was a significant factor and the accompaniment is another effector on dietary pattern in the elderly. We strongly suggest that the current lunch program in welfare center should be expanded to breakfast meal, and furthermore the small commodity program is also needed to provide the elderly with meal for social communication.
Aged ; Ascorbic Acid ; Breakfast ; Diet ; Eating* ; Female ; Humans ; Iron ; Joints ; Korea ; Lunch ; Meals ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul* ; Snacks ; Social Security ; Social Welfare* ; Vitamin A

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Serum Leptin Levels and Changes in Body Weight and Obesity Index in Gwacheon Elementary School Children.

In Kyoung KIM ; Jae Heon KANG ; Jihyun SONG

The Korean Journal of Nutrition.2007;40(8):736-744.

Leptin, as an adipocyte-derived hormone, is an important regulator of food intake and energy expenditure. In the cross-sectional study, leptin was shown to be positively related to body adiposity and metabolic disorders in adults. However, there were very few studies which reported the leptin as a predictor of weight gain over time. We examined whether serum leptin can be used as an indicator of the present and 1-year past weight status in very young children. First grade students from elementary schools in Gwacheon City were enrolled in the study since 2005. The study subjects (total 375 students; 195 boys and 180 girls) participated in the investigation of both 2005 and 2006. Physical examinations including height, weight, waist circumference were done. To examine the prevalence of obesity, obesity index was used. Serum leptin was measured, and their nutritional status was also evaluated based on 3-Day dietary records. Serum leptin levels were strongly positively related with the value of the present BMI and with the value of the BMI one year before. We found no association with leptin levels and amount of energy intake and macronutrient intake in this children population. Children were divided into three groups according to leptin tertiles. The highest leptin tertile group showed highest prevalence of obesity in year 2006 as well as in year 2005. Serum leptin levels can reflect the weight status now and as well as 1-year before. Possibly serum leptin levels can predict the weight gain of year later. Without an action against the obesity on children with high leptin level, those children would maintain the excess adiposity growth and progress into the obesity-related metabolic disorders. Further studies are needed to predict the obesity as early as possible and preventive system then after.
Adiposity ; Adult ; Body Weight* ; Child* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet Records ; Eating ; Energy Intake ; Energy Metabolism ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Humans ; Leptin* ; Nutritional Status ; Obesity* ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence ; Waist Circumference ; Weight Gain

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The Effect of Iron-enriched Cereal Breakfast and Nutrition Education on the Nutritional Status and Life Style of Elementary School Students.

So Hyoung YOU ; Hyun Joo YOU ; Yong Soon PARK

The Korean Journal of Nutrition.2007;40(8):728-735.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of iron-enriched cereal supplement and nutrition education program on nutritional status and life style of children. Elementary school students (n = 170) aged of 11 years old at Seoul were participated. Subjects were supplemented with iron-enriched cereal for breakfast and provided with 2 sessions of nutrition education during 3 months. Intake of carbohydrate, iron, sodium, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, niacin, and folic acid was significantly increased after cereal supplement. Caloric intake was similar to KDRIs during both before and after cereal supplement. There was no improvement on exercise and dietary habits after nutrition education. Male students tended to sleep later, wake up early, and ate snack less than female. Cereal supplement was effective on improving nutritional status, but short-term nutrition education had no effect on modification of life style. Thus, further studies are required to develop long-term education program effective on improving life style and eating habits in children.
Ascorbic Acid ; Breakfast* ; Edible Grain* ; Child ; Eating ; Education* ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Folic Acid ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Iron ; Life Style* ; Male ; Niacin ; Nutritional Status* ; Riboflavin ; Seoul ; Snacks ; Sodium ; Thiamine ; Vitamin A ; Zinc

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Antioxidant Effect of Garlic Supplement Against Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats.

Gun Ae YOON

The Korean Journal of Nutrition.2007;40(8):701-707.

This study was to investigate lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activity and DNA damage after exercise, and the protective effect of garlic against exercise-induced oxidative stress. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (4 weeks old) were randomly divided into three groups of 6 rats each; control group (Con) without garlic and exercise, Ex group with exercise alone, and Ex-G group with 2% garlic and exercise. For 4 weeks, rats were given diets containing 15% corn oil and 1% cholesterol with or without garlic. The swimming was selected as a model for exercise performance. Rats swam for 40 min a day, for 5 days a week. Group Ex and Ex-G showed significant lowering in body weight gain and fat accumulation compared to control. No significant changes were observed in levels of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride among three groups, demonstrating that exercise and garlic had no effects on changes of blood lipid. This finding of blood lipid seems to be due to higher plant sterol content in corn oil. The DNA tail moment of lymphocytes showed greater tendency in Ex and Ex-G than in control, but garlic supplements failed to suppress DNA damages. Compared to control, Ex had higher plasma TBARS which was lowered to the control's level in Ex-G with 2% garlic supplementation (p < 0.05). Ex-G led to a higher hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity than control and Ex (p < 0.05). Activity of hepatic catalase was also increased in Ex-G, while in Ex it was significantly low (p < 0.05). It seemed that TBARS levels were related to the activities of SOD and catalase, and that garlic contributed to increasing the enzyme activities and led to decrease of TBARS. These results demonstrate that lipid peroxidation and DNA damage occur as a consequences of oxidative stress after exercise, and that antioxidant defense against oxidative stress could be enhanced by garlic supplementation through the induction of antioxidant enzymes. However, further investigations should be done on the garlic effect on DNA damage.
Animals ; Antioxidants* ; Body Weight ; Catalase ; Cholesterol ; Corn Oil ; Diet ; DNA ; DNA Damage ; Garlic* ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Oxidative Stress* ; Plants ; Plasma ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Swimming ; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ; Triglycerides

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Effects of Chongkukjang Intake on Lipid Metabolism and Liver Function in Ethanol Consumed Rats.

Eun Hee LEE ; Jong Hee CHYUN

The Korean Journal of Nutrition.2007;40(8):684-692.

This study was performed to investigate the effect of chongkukjang intake on lipid metabolism and liver function in ethanol consumed rats. Twenty one Sprague-Dawley male rats aging 4 weeks old were used as experimental animals, which were divided into three dietary groups: casein diet (CA), soybean diet (SB) and chongkukjang diet (CJ). Alcohol was consumed with water as 25% (v/v) ethanol solution. After 4 weeks of experimental period, rats were sacrificed to get blood and liver samples for analysis of lipids, lipid peroxides, antioxidative enzymes and biochemical indices of liver function. The mean body weight, food intake and liver index were not significantly different among three groups. Serum level of total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol of chongkukjang diet group was the lowest among three groups although the difference was not significant. HDL-cholesterol level was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in chongkukjang diet group than that of casein diet group. LDL-cholesterol level of chongkukjang and soybean diet group was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of casein diet group respectively. Liver TBARS of chongkukjang and soybean diet group was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of casein diet group respectively. The superoxide dismutase activity of chongkukjang diet group was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of casein diet group. Catalase activity was not significantly different among three groups. As indices of liver function, glutamic oxaloacetic transminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transminase (GPT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were not significantly different among three groups. Serum alcohol concentration and activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) were not significantly different among three groups. The chongkukjang diet seems to give a beneficial effect for improving lipid metabolism by increasing HDLcholesterol level and SOD activity while reducing liver TBARS level. However, effect on liver function has to be investigated further.
Aging ; Alcohol Dehydrogenase ; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Caseins ; Catalase ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Eating ; Ethanol* ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase ; Humans ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Lipid Metabolism* ; Lipid Peroxides ; Liver* ; Male ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Soybeans ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ; Triglycerides ; Water

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