Journal Detail Information

1

Cite

Share

Utilization of chest ultrasonography in clinical practice

Mongolian Medical Sciences.2012;161(3):85-95.

Transthoracic ultrasound (US) has become an important diagnostic tool in modern chest medicine. The range of thoracic lesions for which transthoracic US may yield useful diagnostic information has expanded to include not only chest wall and pleural lesions, but also peripheral lung nodules, pulmonary consolidations, necrotizing pneumonias and lung abscesses, tumors with obstructive pneumonitis, mediastinal masses, and peridiaphragmatic lesions. A variety of ultrasound features and signs of chest diseases have been well characterized and widely applied in clinical practice. US guidance increases the diagnostic success rate and decreases the complications associated with interventional procedures such as thoracentesis, closed tube drainage for pleural effusion, and needle biopsy of the pleura. Transthoracic needle aspiration or biopsy, under real-time US guidance, is a relatively safe and easy procedure, and may provide adequate tissue sampling of lesions for cytologic, histologic or microbiologic analysis. This article presents the general techniques and wide applications of transthoracic US and US-guided invasive procedures in the diagnosis and management of various chest diseases.

2

Cite

Share

Risk and impact assessment of climate change on human health by different climatic zones of Mongolia

Shurentsetseg Kh ; Saijaa N ; Enkhtuya P ; Odontsetseg Brown ; Demberelsuren J ; Burmaajav B

Mongolian Medical Sciences.2012;162(4):30-35.

Introduction Worldwide, numerous studies have been conducted and many papers have been published about the impact of climate change on human health, and the correlations between air temperature, precipitation, droughts, and floods, and their adverse health effects such as respiratory and water-borne diseases. Scientific evidence on this issue continues to mount, showing that the effects of climate change are mostly adverse to human health. In Mongolia however, scientific research on the effects of climate change on health is at its starting point and only a few studies have been conducted. Goal Determine and assess risk factors and effects of climate change on human health Materials and Methods The study area included Zavkhan, Selenge, Dornod, Umnugovi aimags (provinces) and Ulaanbaatar city, each representing one of the five climatic zones of Mongolia. Daily meteorological variables for temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, highest wind speed, precipitation and relative humidity of the selected study sites from 2009 to 2011 were acquired from the Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environmental Monitoring. Statistical analysis of the collected data was done using the SPSS18 program and 95%CI was used to determine inter-zonal differences of weather and climatic variables. Results In order to determine climate risk factors, the analysis used the number of days when temperature exceeded mean annual air temperature by +25°С/-25°С, and their sequences, the number of days when the absolute temperature exceeded +30°С in summer months, and -30°С in winter months, and their sequences, the number of days when daily fluctuations in atmospheric pressure exceeded 30 hPa and the number of days when relative humidity was lower than 30 percent or greater than 80 percent, and their percentage of the total number of days.

3

Cite

Share

Some results of the study to establish the quality indicators of tsusan bolor capsules

Burenbat Bo ; Tsetsegmaa S ; Choijamts J ; Dungerdorj D

Mongolian Medical Sciences.2012;162(4):73-77.

Introduction Along with the changes occurred in nutrition, climate over the years, the prevalence of blood disorder related diseases, such as Аllergic purpura (AP), Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is increasing. The current perspective of health service is focused on the treatment of AP and ITP by using combined therapeutic methods of modern and Mongolian medical approach. Mongolian traditional medicine has an advantage of reducing complications in reducing the recovery duration and also preventing from re-occurrence. Consequently, there is a need for investigation of formulating clinically effective preparation that complies with pharmaceutical standards. Objective The objective of this study was to develop the technology to obtain Tsusan Bolor capsules and establish its some quality criteria indicators. Materials and Methods The medicinal raw materials Gardenia Jasminoides Ellis, Rubia cordiofolia L, Picrorhiza serophulariflora Pennell, Arnebia guttatа, Crocus sativus, L, Pulvis Cornus Bubali and Artificial Bezoar were provided by Traditional medicine factory of the Inner Mongolian University for Nationalities, PRC. The L9(34) experiment test was used to obtain the extracts from crude medicinal plants and TLC, HPLS and pharmacopeias methods were used for the establishing quality criteria indicators of the capsules. Results Within the technological study the appropriate methods to obtain alcohol and water extracts from the medicinal raw materials and the technological scheme to obtain Tsusan bolor capsules were developed. As the results of quality criteria investigation indicated, the total content of gardenia glycoside is 1.71±0.02 mg, water content- 6.25±0.1%, heavy metal and arsenic content less than 10 μg/g and 2μg/g and disintegration time of the capsules is 20±3.

4

Cite

Share

Results of the survey on determination of the mean activity levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase

Enkhjargal Ts ; Hishigbuyan D ; Gantuya P ; Sodnomtseren B

Mongolian Medical Sciences.2011;158(4):7-9.

The serum activity levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are important biochemical indicators of changes in the liver and coronary system function. The correct determination of changes in the activity levels of the transferases is essential for differential diagnosis and appropriate treatment of the diseases. Goal: The aim of this study was to determine the mean activity levels of ALT and AST of the Mongolian population. Materials and Methods: Serum was separated from morning blood samples collected from 1732 individuals 15-64 years of age (706 males, 1026 females) from 21 aimags and Ulaanbaatar city, and stored at -30°C until analysis. Activity levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were determined using photometric system. Results: The overall mean serum activity level of AST was 25.52 U/L and of ALT was 22.60 U/L. No statistically significant differences were observed between the surveyed from Ulaanbaatar and from rural area as well as between sexes (p>0.05 for both ALT and AST). When the survey participants were divided into five age groups (15-24 years, 25-34 years, 35-44 years, 45-54 years and 55-64 years of age) and their mean activity levels of AST and ALT were compared, it was observed that the activity of both enzymes increased with age (p<0.05)

5

Cite

Share

Hygienic assessment and arsenic content in drinking water in Gobi provinces

Unurtsetseg Ch ; Bolormaa I ; Erdenechimeg E

Mongolian Medical Sciences.2011;158(4):70-73.

Background: A water supply sufficiency and quality standard has been still important object of the priority issues of countries, regions as well as the Worldwide. In December, 2003, the General Assembly of the UN announced to worldwide a decade named as "Water for life" with duration of 2005 - 2015. Public Health Institute of Mongolia,2 Health Sciences University of Mongolia Background: A water supply sufficiency and quality standard has been still important object of the priority issues of countries, regions as well as the Worldwide. In December, 2003, the General Assembly of the UN announced to worldwide a decade named as "Water for life" with duration of 2005 - 2015. Ensure environmental sustainability objective 6.16 within MDGs of Mongolia proposed to decrease a share of inhabitants without safe drinking water, and a share of inhabitants not provided by an improved sanitation infrastructure, respectively. After Mongolia shifted to a market economy system, production rapidly developed, and rapid increasing of mining, population centralization in urban areas and use of the chemical elements were basic and necessary conditions to study an arsenic content in drinking water of Gobi provinces. Goal: To determine arsenic content in drinking water of Gobi provinces and provide a hygienic assessment. Materials and Methods: Research study designed by cross-section methods and analyzed one action data. In total of 62 soumsfrom five Gobi provinces (namely Gobi-Altai, Gobisumber, Dornogobi, Dundgobi, and Umnugobi) were selected as a research sites. Samples are taken according to the standard MNS ISO 5667-2:2001 from total of 142 deep drilled wells amongst 62 selected soums. According to the ISO-MNS 11885:2007 standard, arsenic content (As) were tested in the samples by using Optical Emission Spectrometer with brand name of Varian 720 -ESICP. Test analyses were assessed after comparison with the content level of arsenic in drinking water standard of Mongolia as coded MNS 900:2005 and the recommended levels stated in "Guidelines for drinking water quality", developed by the WHO. Results: Arsenic contents were presented 106 samples, represented 74.6 percent of the total samples from the 142 deep drilled wells in the selected sites of 62 soums among 5 Gobi provinces. In additionally, existing arsenic contents in 22 samples were 15.4 percent of the selected samples counted 1 to 6 times higher than the drinking water standard of Mongolia as coded MNS 900:2005 and the recommended levels stated in "WHO - Guidelines for drinking water quality". Total drinking water arsenic contents across the selected 5 Gobi provinces were statistical mean 0.0084 ± 0.0009 mg/l. Conclusion: 15.4 percent arsenic contents in drinking water in Gobi provinces were greater than the drinking water standard of Mongolia as coded MNS 900:2005 and the recommended levels stated in "WHO - Guidelines for drinking water quality".

6

Cite

Share

Biochemical parameters in correlation with nutritional status of hospitalized elderly

Odgerel Ch ; Munkhtsetseg J

Mongolian Medical Sciences.2011;172(2):20-22.

Introduction: While the prevalence of malnutrition in the free living elderly population is relatively low, the risk of malnutrition increases dramatically in the hospitalized elderly. Patients who are malnourished when admitted to the hospital tend to have longer hospital stays, experience more complications, and have greater risk of morbidity and mortality than those whose nutritional state is normal. Goal: To assess the nutritional status among hospitalized elderly in Secondary healthcare systems by the MNA screening tool. Materials and Methods: To the study were enrolled 411 hospitalized elderly patients in secondary healthcare systems. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the HSUM, and written informed consent was obtained from all study participants. We assessed the participants’ nutritional status by the MNA (Mini nutritional assessment) tool and divided into three groups: malnourished, risk of malnutrition and normal nutritional status. We compared the relationship between nutritional status and some biochemical indicates such as total protein, albumin, cholesterol and blood glucose levels. The ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: 146 (36.01%) elders were well nourished among our study participants. Serum albumin was significantly low in malnourished elders. Conclusion: Among the assessed elderly 36.01% had adequate nutritional status; 43.79% were at a risk of malnutrition and 20.19% were malnourished. Serum albumin was significantly low in malnourished elders.

7

Cite

Share

Malnutrition risk of hospitalized elderly and their anthropometric indicators

Odgerel Ch ; Munkhtsetseg J

Mongolian Medical Sciences.2011;172(2):23-26.

Introduction: With advancing age, the risk of developing nutritional deficiencies increases. Malnutrition can lead to functional dependency, increases morbidity, mortality, and greater use of health care resources. Goal: The goal of our study was to assess the nutritional risk among recently hospitalized elderly in Secondary healthcare systems by the NSI screening tool and assess indicators of anthropometry assessment in nutritionally different groups. Materials and Methods: To the study were enrolled 411 hospitalized elderly patients in secondary healthcare systems. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the HSUM, and written informed consent was obtained from all study participants. The nutritional status was classified by the NSI (Nutrition Screening Initiative) into: high risk of malnutrition, moderate risk of malnutrition and without malnutrition (adequate). Results: Among the assessed elderly, 8.03% had adequate nutritional status; 32.85% were at a risk of malnutrition and 59.12% were at a moderate risk of malnutrition. Some anthropometric variables such as weight, abdominal circumference, calf and mid-arm circumference assessed were significantly more deteriorated among the malnourished individuals. Among the NSI variables tooth loss/ mouth pain (21.6%), eating few fruits or vegetables or milk products (14.3%), chronic illness (13.8%), multiple medicines (13.4%) or economic hardship (11.3%) were found as the risk of malnourished elderly. Conclusion: There is an interrelationship between the nutritional status of the elderly and some anthropometric variables.

8

Cite

Share

Serum total testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in aging males

Munhtsetseg Sh ; Munhtsetseg J

Mongolian Medical Sciences.2011;172(2):33-35.

Background: Most of the country has been increasing the life expectancy and to relate aging man also have been increasing among population. Affected by human aging internal major factor is the change of Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Gonadal axis. Thus, we have proposed to study to change of regulating gonadothropin-gonadal axe in aging males. Goal: To study the serum total testosterone, gonadothropin hormones level in aging males and its correlation with aging. Materials and Methods: In this study were involved 149 healthy Mongolian men aged above 35 years. Subjects were randomly selected. Blood samples were collected in the morning 8.30-10.00 AM, 4ml blood from vein vassal. The serum concentration of total testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone was assayed by ELISA. Results: Total participant’s average age was 57.8±13.4 years. Average level of testosterone was 4.95±2.08ng/ml and there is no significant correlation with aging (r=0.084, p=0.331). But average level of FSH was 9.12±9.09 IU/L and FSH has increased with aging. Between age and FSH was found moderate and direct correlation (r=0.425, p<0.001). Average level of luteinizing hormone was 11.41±9.83 IU/L and LH had significant, direct correlation with age (r=0.216, p<0.05). Gonadothropins FSH and LH were analyzed by ANOVA in different age groups and have not identified significant difference between age groups. Which allows hypothesize that in gonadotropins secretion no rapid change in age different groups. Conclusions: 1. Average level of testosterone in participating men was 4.95±2.08ng/ml and there is no significant correlation with aging (r=0.084, p=0.331). 2. Average level of FSH was 9.12±9.09 IU/l, had age related significant correlation (r=0.425, p<0.001), average level of LH was 11.41±9.83 IU/l and had significant, direct correlation with age (r=0.216, p<0.05). Not found significant difference between age groups. 3. Multiple regression analyze showed insignificant (p>0.05) correlation of LH (β=0.170) with Testosterone, which was stronger than FSH (β=0.156).

9

Cite

Share

Some risk factors of bronchial asthma in adults

Sarangerel D ; Davaa G ; Munkhbayarlakh S

Mongolian Medical Sciences.2011;172(2):81-86.

Introduction: In recent years, there is no scientific epidemiological data about prevalence and risk factors of bronchial asthma among population in Mongolia. Goal: The aim of this study was to define some risk factors of bronchial asthma among urban adults. Materials and Methods: 1201 adults were randomly chosen aged over 20 years who lives in different districts of Ulaanbaatar city. The participants were interviewed using a modified questionnaire of “Global Initiative for Asthma” - GINA. Besides demographic data, information on smoking habits and atopic symptoms was collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression modeling was performed to calculate odds ratio of various potential risk factors. The lung function of subjects was checked using a spirometry Easyone, calculating the indexes Forced expiratory volume 1sec (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio. Results: Of the respondents, 606 were males (50.5%) and 595 were females (49.5%). Asthma was more frequent in female than in male. The prevalence of wheezing and physician-diagnosed asthma was higher in overweight and obese than in normal weight. The BMI was higher in group with wheezing than in group without wheezing (p<0.01). 54% of subjects with bronchial asthma were smokers. The mean value for FEV1 was 2.86±0.85 L and FVC was 3.60±0.94 L in overall and the lung function was lower in smokers than in non-smokers with bronchial asthma. 28.4% of subjects with allergic rhinitis has current asthma, while 11.6% of subjects without allergic rhinitis has asthma (p<0.01). Conclusion: Female sex, advancing age, history of allergic rhinitis, tobacco smoking and body mass index were associated with significantly higher odds of having asthma.

10

Cite

Share

The problems ultrasonographic diagnosis of the pancreatic tumors

Badamsed Ts ; Jargalsaikhan S ; Baatarjan N ; Delgertsetseg D ; Saintegsh S ; Nomin-Erdene A

Mongolian Medical Sciences.2011;172(2):87-93.

Introduction: Pancreatic cancer in young patients is usually correlated with chronic alcohol consumption and hereditary factor. Chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic trauma, pancreatic cyst, alcoholism, and diabetes mellitus are the most clearly established etiological factors (T.Y Flanders., W.S Foulkes., 1996). The cancer was located to the pancreatic head in 75% to the body in 15-20% and to the tail in 5-10% of cases (A.E Richard., 2005). Goal: Determination of the US signs in pancreatic cancer and establishment standard (control) US diagnostic criteria. Objectives: 1. To reveal direct and indirect US signs of pancreatic cancer. 2. To establish standardized US diagnostic criteria. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was carried out in 35 patients with pancreatic cancer in a 4 years period between 2006-2010 (Shastin Central Hospital, Achtan Clinical Hospital). To each patient has being filled special investigation chart. Diagnosis was confirmed on the result of physical examination, laboratory investigation, abdominal conventional radiography, upper gastrointestinal contrast radiography, CT, MRI, ERCP and biopsy. The results of the measurements were compared with the standardized control evaluation of Mongolian people (Ts.Badamsed.B.Tserendash). Results: Our sample represents US signs in 35 patients with pancreatic cancer. On the basis of our study US sign were divided into two categories: direct and indirect signs. Direct signs: a) irregular shape, b) irregular tumour edge, c) hypodensity, d) tumour size more than 2.1cm, e) different location. Indirect signs: a) CBD distends, b) gallbladder distends, c) intra hepatic bile duct distend, d) pancreatic pseudo cyst, e) near-aortic limp node enlargement, f) splenomegaly. We consider that the upper mentioned US abnormality can be as control standard criteria for the US diagnosis of the pancreatic tumour. According to the study of V.N.Demidov and G.P.Sidorov (1987), the pancreatic cancer is located to head in 50-80%. In our series it was about 45.7%± 8.4. Irregular tumour shape in 60.0%±8.3, tumour hypodensity 80.0%±7.2, irregular tumour edge 68.6%±7.8, tumour clear definition 71.4%±7.6 which are the same with N.M. Mukharllyamov (1987). Conclusions: 1. Were described direct and indirect US diagnostic signs in pancreatic cancer 2. The tumor location, shape, size, edge, consistency, intra and extra hepatic bile duct distend, gallbladder distend, near-aortic limp node enlargement are the basic control criteria for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

DISPLAY OPTIONS

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share