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Immunocytochemical Study on Distribution and Morphology of Dendritic Cells in the Tongue during Development and Growth of the Rat.

Ki Soo YOO ; Chul Hong KIM ; Woo Kap KIM

Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology.2001;14(1):1-15. doi:10.11637/kjpa.2001.14.1.1

Activation of T cells for an immune response requires the participation of antigen presenting cells (APC) that express class II major histocompatibility complex gene products on their surface. Until recently, the macrophages have been considered to be the prime candidates for this role, but it is now recognized that other cells, including dendritic cells, B cells, activated T cells and endothelial cells, can present antigen effectively. Particularly, among them, dendritic cells (DC) are considered to be very efficient APC for various T -cell dependent immune responses in comparison with other types of APC. Nonlymphoid dendritic cells including Langerhans cells and interstitial dendritic cells strongly express the MHC class II products and have characteristic dendritic morphology. As far as we know, there is no study on the ontogeny of MHC class II -immunoreactive dendritic cells in the rat tongue. The aim of the present study is to investigate the ontogeny and morphological characterization of dendritic cells in the tongue of growing and developing rats. The distribution and morphology of the dendritic cells in the rat tongue were studied from the fetal 15 -day until 180 days after birth by means of immunocytochemical methods using anti -rat MHC class II monoclonal antibodies. The results were as follows: 1. MHC class II -immunoreactive dendritic cells were first found in the muscle layer of 17 -day fetus, and in the epithelium and lamina propria of the tongue at birth. 2. The number of MHC class II -immunoreactive dendritic cells was gradually increased with age, particularly, in the epithelium at 14th day, in the lamina propria at 14th day, and in the muscle layer at 21st day after birth. 3. Numbers of MHC class II -immunoreactive dendritic cells were higher in the dorsal part than in ventral part of the tongue at all developmental stages. Especially, dendritic cells were twice higher numbers in the epithelium, a little higher numbers in the lamina propria and almost same numbers in the muscle layer. 4. With age, shapes of MHC class II -immunoreactive dendritic cells were changed from round to dendritic and aggregated together. In conclusion, the above results suggest that the increases of the number and the changes of the morphology in MHC class II -immunoreactive dendritic cells, with age may influence on effects of cell -mediated immune responses.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigen-Presenting Cells ; B-Lymphocytes ; Dendritic Cells* ; Endothelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Fetus ; Growth and Development* ; Langerhans Cells ; Macrophages ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Mucous Membrane ; Parturition ; Rats* ; T-Lymphocytes ; Tongue*

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Study on the Activation of Mast Cell by Seminal Plasma in vitro and in vivo I. Effects of Seminal Plasma on the Degranulations and Cutaneous Reactions of Skin Mast Cell in vivo.

Chang Ho SONG ; Seong Eun CHEON ; Eui Hyeog HAN

Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology.1997;10(2):283-291. doi:10.11637/kjpa.1997.10.2.283

Human seminal plasma (HSP)-induced hypersensitivity IS one of the serious complications associated with sexual intercourse The clinical manifestations of HSP-induced hypersensitivity may be induced by the release of mast cell-mediator by HSP however the effects of HSP on mast cell activity have not been Identified The purpose of this study is to determine If the pathogenesis of seminal plasma (SP)-induced hypeisensitivity IS mediated by mast cells or not To evaluate the reactions of mast cells to SP in VlVO the degranulations of skill mast cells changes of ear thickness, and cutaneous reactions were measured by morphometric method Ammals of normal or positive control groups were treated with phosphate buffered salme (PES) solution or compound 48/80 (2 5 mg/ml m PES) By light microscopy the degranuiations of mice ear mast cells were observed following treatments with HSP, rat semmal plasma (RSP), or compound 48/80 The degranulation rate (DR) of normal group treated with PES solution was 27 8% DR of those with HSP RSP, and compound 48/80 were 70 5% 90 1%, 96 0% respectively The ear swellings were noted m mice treated with HSP RSP, and compound 48/80 The cutaneous reactions m rat skin were noted when HSP or RSP or compound 48/80 were treated These results suggest that SP contains some substances activating skin mast cells and those increasing of vascular permeabilities In mice and I rats skin
Animals ; Capillary Permeability ; Coitus ; Ear ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Mast Cells* ; Mice ; Microscopy ; Plasma ; Rats ; Semen* ; Skin*

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A Study on the Variations in Arteries and Nerves of the Infratemporal fossa in Korean.

Soo Hyun PARK ; Myung Kook KIM ; Ki Suk PAIK

Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology.1997;10(2):273-282. doi:10.11637/kjpa.1997.10.2.273

The purpose of this study was to investigate the courses of the maxillary artery and variations of the arteries and nerves in the infratemporal fossa from 36 Korean adult cadavers. The results were as follows; 1. In the majority of the cases (81.9%), course of the maxillary artery runs lateral to the lateral pterygoid muscle. 2. The variations of the arteries and nerves in the infratemporal fossa could be classified into six types. In the most common (type 2, 61.1%), the maxillary artery runs lateral to the lateral pterygoid muscle, and the inferior alveolar lingual and buccal nerves lie medial to the maxillary artery. In the next (type 1, 20.8%), the maxillary artery runs lateral to the lateral pterygoid muscle and the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves lie medial to the maxillary artery, and buccal nerve lies lateral to the maxillary artery. The remaining types were type 3 (7.0%), type 4 (4.2%), type 5 (5.6%) and type 6 (1.4%) in order.
Adult ; Arteries* ; Cadaver ; Humans ; Lingual Nerve ; Mandibular Nerve ; Maxillary Artery ; Pterygoid Muscles

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Effect of Colcemid on Frequency and Direction of Ciliary Beat in Newt Lung.

Jin Hwa YOO

Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology.1997;10(2):265-272. doi:10.11637/kjpa.1997.10.2.265

No abstract available.
Demecolcine* ; Lung* ; Salamandridae*

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Morphology of Fingerprints in Koreans.

Min Suk CHUNG ; Je Man LEE ; Hyun Joon SOHN ; Doo Jin PAIK ; Seong Sik PARK

Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology.1997;10(2):251-264. doi:10.11637/kjpa.1997.10.2.251

Fingerprints have been used for personal identification, for revealing physical anthropological characteristics, and for diagnosing genetic disorders. Morphology of fingerprints has been analyzed in various tribes. However, in Korean, the analytical methods of fingerprints and the numbers of subjects were not sufficient to find standard values for Korean fingerprints. In this study, fingerprints of 3216 Koreans (2095 males and 1121 females) were analyzed using the various methods and compared with those of other tribes to contribute in revealing physical anthropological characteristics of Korean and also in diagnosing genetic disorders of Korean. The results were as follows. 1. The incidence of ulnar loop type, whorl type, radial loop type, and arch type was 50.4%, 42.9%, 3.8%, and 2.9%, respectively. Data from the comparison of the incidences of fingerprint types in Korean with those in various tribes lead us to conclude that Korean belongs to the Asians and becomes closer to the Whites and Blacks in which loop type is frequent and whorl type is not frequent. 2. Fingerprint type seems to be related to the strength of finger since whorl type was frequent in male and in right hand, and arch type was frequent in female and in left hand. In addition, loop of fingerprint appears to have the tendency to open to the side bearing more physical contact since radial loop type was frequent in second finger, and ulnar loop type was frequent in fifth finger. 3. Among the subtypes of fingerprint, morphologically simple types were common. Among the subtypes of arch types, simple arch type with the same number of radial dermal ridges as ulnar ones was the most common. Among the subtypes of loop types, ulnar loop type without concentric circles or spirals was the most common. Among the subtypes of whorl types, concentric whorl type without loops was the most common. 4. Finger ridge counts were 16.9, 13.9, 11.9, 11.3, and 11.2 in first, fourth, third, second, and fifth finger, respectively; and were greater in male than in female. Finger ridge counts are greater in fingers which shows whorl type. However, there would be other factors to determine finger ridge counts; for examples, the size and behavioral habit of finger.
African Continental Ancestry Group ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Dermatoglyphics* ; Female ; Fingers ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Population Groups

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Morphometric Analysis of the Pedicle of Lumbar Vertebrae Based on Radiologic Images in Koreans.

Tai Hyoung CHO ; Chang Sub UHM ; Im Joo RHYU

Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology.1997;10(2):243-250. doi:10.11637/kjpa.1997.10.2.243

The vertebral pedicle is an important structure used as an implant site for spinal instrumentation surgery. Since precise anatomical knowledge of lumbar pedicles in vivo is essential for risk - free surgery, we analyzed Korean vertebrae with radiologic imaging techniques. The authors analayzed 500 pedicles from L1 to L5 vertebrae with computerized tomograms (CT) and simple radiograms taken from patient free of vertebral abnormality. Five morphometric parameters: transverse pedicle width, transverse pedicle angle, sagittal pedicle width, sagittal pedicle angle depth to anterior cortex were measured. The transverse diameter and angle of pedicle increased gradually from L1 to L5, while the sagittal diameter and angle decreased from L1 to L5. The depth to anterior cortex from posterior elements was longer along the pedicle axis than along axis parallel to midline.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae* ; Spine

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Topographical Morphology of the Lingual Artery in Korean.

Hee Jin KIM ; Min Kyu KANG ; Jin Hak KIM ; Jae Han PARK ; Sang Heon LEE ; Sang Sup LEE ; In Hyuk CHUNG

Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology.1997;10(2):235-242. doi:10.11637/kjpa.1997.10.2.235

In order to clarify the topographical morphology of the Korean lingual artery related to clinical problems, authors investigated the morphological variations of the lingual artery through the dissection of the deep layer of head and neck. 61 -sides of Korean adult cadavers (mean age 57.8) were used for this study. The morphlogy of the origin sites of the lingual artery were classified into three types. The cases that the superior thyroid, lingual, and facial artery were originated independently from the external carotid artery were most common (56.3%). Others were the cases that the lingual artery and the facial artery were divided from the linguofacial trunk (31.2%), and the cases that the superior thyroid artery and the lingual artery were divided from the thyreolingual trunk (12.5%) from the external carotid artery, respectively. In the topographical relationships between the first part of the lingual artery and the hyoglossus muscle, the cases that the first part of the lingual artery formed loop posterior to the hyoglossus muscle (41.2%) and the cases that the lingual artery penetrated into the medial aspect of the hyoglossus muscle passing the posterior border of this muscle (66.1%) were observed most frequently. Others were the cases that the lingual artery penetrated into the posterior muscle fiber (18.6%) and the middle muscle fiber (15.3%) of the hyoglossus muscle. The courses of the second part of the lingual artery deep to the hyoglossus muscle could be classified into two morphlogical types. One was that the second part of the lingual artery ran superiorly from the origin site and then turned abruptly towards deep portion of hyoglossus muscle. In these cases, the artery turned upward again at the inside of the muscle, and then reached to the sublingual region (42.6%). The other cases were that the lingual artery ran gradually to the medial and superior aspect of the sublingual region (57.4%). The prevalency of the sublingual arteries originating from the lingual arteries was 59%. Taken all together, authors concluded that the mouth floors of Korean are supplied by both the lingual and facial artery. So, performing the hemostatic procedures in the mouth floor region, the surgeon must take a topographical anatomy of this region related the arterial supply into account.
Adult ; Arteries* ; Cadaver ; Carotid Artery, External ; Head ; Humans ; Lingual Thyroid ; Mouth Floor ; Neck ; Thyroid Gland

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Measurements of the Zygomatic Bones and Morphology of the Zygomaticofacial and Zygomaticotemporal foramina in Korean.

Hee Jin KIM ; Doo Jin PAIK ; Byung Young CHOI ; Min Seok CHUNG ; Seung Ho HAN ; Young Il HWANG ; Hyung Jun SOHN ; Rak Hee CHUNG ; Ki Seok KOH

Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology.1997;10(2):225-234. doi:10.11637/kjpa.1997.10.2.225

In order to clarify the anthropological characteristics of the zygomatic bones that influence to the facial morphology, authors measured the metric dimensions of the zygomatic bones and observed the non -metric traits of Korean 192 skulls (122 males, 43 females, and unknown 27 cases). The results were as follows. In the anterior aspects of the skull, the bizygomatic breadth was 134.8 +/-6.0 mm in the male and 126.6 +/-5.5 mm in the female and the bijugale breadth was 117.3 +/-5.1 mm and 110.1 +/-4.0 mm in the male and female, respectively. The mid -orbital breadth was 53.5 +/-5.7 mm in the male and 52.2 +/-4.7 mm in the female and the bimaxillary breadth was 98.9 +/-5.0 mm in the male and 94.8 +/-4.4 mm in the female. In the lateral aspects of the skulls, the distance from the porion to the ectoconchion (oder - tiefe) was 71.1 +/-2.7 mm in the female and 69.0 +/-3.0 mm in the female and the distance between the porion and the jugale (ohrjochbeinlange) was 54.2 +/-2.7 mm in the male and 53.1 +/-2.7 mm in the female. The maximum zygomatic length was 54.5 +/-3.7 mm in the male and 50.5 +/-2.9 mm in the female and the zygomatic height was 49.6 +/-3.0 mm in the male and 45.8 +/-2.4 mm in the female. The incidences of the absence of the zygomaticofacial foramina and the zygomaticotemporal foramina were 12.0% and 7.3%, respectively. The average number of the zygomaticofacial and the zygomaticotemporal foramina was 1.7 and 0.8, respectively. The positions of these foramina located on the bodies of the zygomatic bones in many cases, and the other cases were that these foramina located on the frontal processes of the zygomatic bones or on the borderlines of the body and frontal process.
Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Skull

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Trinucleotide Repeat Polymorphisms of SBMA Locus in Koreans Chinese, Japanese and Caucasoids.

Su Bog LEE ; Jun GOTO ; Ichiro KANAZAWA ; Yong Ha PARK ; Momoki HIRAI

Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology.1997;10(2):217-223. doi:10.11637/kjpa.1997.10.2.217

SBMA (Spinal bulbar muscular atrophy) is a neurodegenerative disease and the extension of the triplet repeat DNA tracks on this SBMA locus is related with the onset of the genetic disease. In this study we investigated the PCR -based STRs (Short Tandem Repeats) polymorphisms for the SBMA locus in healthy South Koreans, Chinese, Japanese and Caucasoids. As the result, we could detect the significant differences among the four populations. And the allele distribution of each population was single modal. The CAG alleles of South Koreans and Chinese showed very similar distributions each other, but the distribution of CAG alleles in Japanese population was clsoer to the one of Caucasoids. The T test after doing the F test also detected the significant difference reflecting this similarity between Japanese and Caucasoids.
Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; DNA ; Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Trinucleotide Repeats*

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Effects of Liriopis Tuber Water Extract on RANKL-induced Osteoclast Differentiation.

Kie In PARK ; Jaemin OH

Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology.2011;24(4):237-244. doi:10.11637/kjpa.2011.24.4.237

Increased formation and activation of osteoclast lead to unwanted bone resorption. Several natural products which have inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation and function are under investigation to prevent and treat the osteoporotic bone disease. Liriopis tuber has been used in Oriental medicine for the suppression of cough, expectoration, thirst, and has been used for sthenia, diuresis, blood glucose regulation, treatment of xerostomia, and constipation. Also, recently it has been reported that Liriopsis tuber has anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombic, anti-adhesive activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Liriopis tuber on osteoclast differentiation and was to evaluate of its mechanism. Water extract of Liriopis tuber significantly inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) in a dose dependent manner. However, water extract of Liriopis tuber did not affect cytotoxicity when compared with control. The mRNA expression of c-Fos, NFATc1, tartrate resistant-acid phosphatase (TRAP), and cathepsin K induced by RANKL was inhibited by water extract of Liriopis tuber treatment. Also, water extract of Liriopis tuber inhibited the protein expression of c-Fos and NFATc1 expression in BMMs treated with RANKL. Among the signal pathways, water extract of Liriopis tuber suppressed the phosphorylation of p38 induced by RANKL. In summary, Liriopis tuber exerted inhibitory effects on osteoclast diffentiation via suppression of c-Fos and NFATc1 which are essential gene to osteoclastogenesis. Taken together, these results suggest that Liriopis tuber may be a useful candidate in the treatment of osteoporosis without special toxicity.
Biological Agents ; Blood Glucose ; Bone Diseases ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Resorption ; Cathepsin K ; Constipation ; Cough ; Diuresis ; Genes, Essential ; Macrophages ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Osteoclasts ; Osteoporosis ; Phosphorylation ; RANK Ligand ; RNA, Messenger ; Signal Transduction ; Tartrates ; Thirst ; Water ; Xerostomia

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