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Effect of burn injury on relative anaplerosis and gluconeogenesis in rats by 13C magnetic resonance spectrum.

Zhaofan XIA ; Jianguang TIAN ; Guangyi WANG ; Shengde GE ; Hongtai TANG

Chinese Journal of Traumatology.2002;5(2):71-76.

OBJECTIVETo introduce a safe and specific approach of (13)C magnetic resonance spectrum ((13)C MRS) spectroscopy and investigate the alterations in hepatic anabolism.

METHODSRelative anaplerotic, pyruvate recycling and gluconeogenic fluxes were measured by (13)C MRS isotopomer analysis of blood glucose from rats with 40% body surface area burn injury, and from rats exposed to sham injury. A short chain fatty acid, [U (13)C] propionate which was avidly extracted by the liver, was infused intravenously to deliver (13)C into the citric acid cycle. Proton-decoupled (13)C MRS of deproteinized plasma or extracts of the freeze-clamped liver were used to determine the distribution of (13)C in blood or hepatic glucose.

RESULTSThere was no difference in the multiplets detected in the glucose carbon-2 anomer from blood or liver after 45 or 60 minutes of the infusion of the propionate, indicating that steady-state isotopic conditions were achieved. Gluconeogenesis relative to citric acid cycle flux was not altered by burn injury; in both sham and burn groups the rate of glucose production was about equal to flux through citrate synthase. In the sham group of animals, the rate of entry of carbon skeletons into the citric acid cycle was about 4 times than that in the burn group. Similarly, flux through pyruvate kinase (again relative to citrate synthase) was significantly increased after the burn injury.

CONCLUSIONSSince results from analysis of the blood glucose are the same as that of the hepatic glucose, (13)C distribution in the glucose and hepatic metabolism can be assessed based on the (13)C MRS analysis of the blood glucose.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Burns ; complications ; Carbon Isotopes ; Citric Acid Cycle ; physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gluconeogenesis ; physiology ; Liver Diseases ; etiology ; pathology ; Liver Function Tests ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; methods ; Male ; Probability ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reference Values ; Sensitivity and Specificity

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Biomechanical properties of regenerated bone by mandibular distraction osteogenesis.

Jihua LI ; Jing HU ; Dazhang WANG ; Zhenglong TANG ; Zhanwei GAO

Chinese Journal of Traumatology.2002;5(2):67-70.

OBJECTIVETo study the biomechanical properties of the new bone generated by mandibular distraction osteogenesis (DO).

METHODSA total of 11 healthy adult goats were randomly divided into 2 groups, the experimental group (n=9) and the control group (n=2). For the goats in the experimental group, the bilateral mandibles were gradually lengthened for 10 mm with distraction appliances. Three goats were sacrificed respectively at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after completion of distraction. Compressive, three-point bending and shearing tests were conducted on the standard regenerated bone samples and the whole unilateral mandibular specimens. For the goats in the cont rol group, no operation was made and the whole unilateral mandible was taken as the test specimen.

RESULTSThe compressive strength and bending stiffness of the new bone reached the normal level at 4 and 8 weeks after completion of distraction, respectively. But the shearing strength remained significantly weaker than that of the controls at 8 weeks after distraction.

CONCLUSIONSThe distraction appliance can be removed and the lengthened mandible should be exposed to adaptive functional exercise at 8 weeks after completion of distraction.

Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Regeneration ; physiology ; Goats ; Male ; Mandibular Advancement ; Models, Animal ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Probability ; Random Allocation ; Reference Values ; Tensile Strength

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Reconstructing opposition of thumb with microsurgical technique.

Shengxiu ZHU ; Shouli SONG ; Jingdong LI

Chinese Journal of Traumatology.1998;1(1):61-62.

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Application of APACHE II scoring in ICU trauma patients.

Jianye LIANG ; Zhidao ZHOU

Chinese Journal of Traumatology.1998;1(1):58-60.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between Injury Severity Score (ISS) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) scores and mortality rate, and to evaluate the practical significance of APACHE II in ICU trauma patients. METHODS: ISS and APACHE II scores and mortality rate of 50 ICU trauma patients were calculated by AIS-1985 revision and Knaus method, then, compared and analyzed. RESULTS: The mortality rate was directly proportional to ISS and APACHE II scores in ICU trauma patients. APACHE II was more accurate and sensitive compared to ISS. CONCLUSIONS: APACHE II is a better predictor for ICU trauma patients. ISS>=25 or APACHE II>=20 may be used as the admitting criteria for ICU trauma patients.

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Protective effects of fibronectin on vascular endothelial cells during trauma in rats.

Huagang JIAN ; Shuijin LIN ; Suzhen FENG

Chinese Journal of Traumatology.1998;1(1):53-57.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects of fibronectin (Fn) on vascular endothelial cells. METHODS: Block reticuloendothelial system model compound with injury of tail vein and femur fractures in rats were used. The level of plasma Fn and surface Fn of peritoneal macrophage cells, the numbers of circulating endothelial cells and the injured tail vein were observed. RESULTS: Fn increased the level of plasma Fn and peritoneal macrophage cells surface Fn,but decreased the number of circulating endothelial cells after infusing Fn 1.7 mg/10 g before injury. Under the scanning electron microscope, only a local focus injury to vascular endothelial cells in the rats was observed after Fn was infused, but a piecemeal injury and detachment of vascular endothelial cells were observed in rats without giving Fn. CONCLUSIONS: Fn has obvious protective effects on vascular endothelial cells in rats.

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Brain TXA(2) and PGI(2) levels after head injury with secondary insults.

Zhou FEI ; Xiang ZHANG ; Shaojun SONG ; I R PIPER ; D THOMSON ; J D MILLER

Chinese Journal of Traumatology.1998;1(1):49-52.

OBJECTIVE: The brain TXA(2) and PGI(2) levels in a new rodent model of impact acceleration diffuse brain injury alone and with hypotention and hyperthermia in combination were observed to look into the relationship between TXA(2), PGI(2) levels and different types of head injury. METHODS: Thirty-two SD rats were randomized into sham, head injury alone, secondary insult alone and head injury with secondary insult groups. At 4 hours after injury or experiment, all the rats were decapitated and their brains were sampled for radioimmunoassay (RIA) measurement. RESULTS: Compared with that of sham group there were no changes in TXA(2) and PGI(2) levels in injury alone group while there was a significant augmentation in PGI(2) level in insult alone group. Both TXA(2) and PGI(2) level in injury with secondary insult group increased significantly in comparison with that of sham at 4 hours postimpact. CONCLUSIONS: PGI(2) providing energy and precursors to the injured tissue and producing some vasoactive arachidonic products, especially TXA(2), is closely connected to the severity of brain damage.

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Study on early frozen section after nerve repair with "cell surgery" technique.

Changqing ZHANG ; Yudong GU ; Liang CHEN

Chinese Journal of Traumatology.1998;1(1):45-48.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the early histological change at the nerve anastomotic sites after using "cell surgery" with conventional microsuture. METHODS: Twenty-two Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups: the first group as the control group n=6. The left sciatic nerves were cut using conventional cut method and repaired by either two (n=2) or four (n=4) epineurial stitches of 11-0 monofilament nylon. In the second group of rats, all the experimental procedures were undertaken freezingly and trimingly with a razor blade using sawing movements (n=4) or guillotine-like movements (n=4). The nerve stumps were then brought into apposition and aligned after thawing. A drop of fibrin glue was spread over each of the sites of anastomosis under an operating microscope. For the third group of 8 rats, all the procedures were similar to those of the second group except that glue welding was done after thawing. RESULTS: After the frozen nerves were cut and thawed, the alignment of the disorganized axon became much better at anastomotic sites after fibrin glue welding. Histological sections found that the axonal alignment was good, especially at the central part of the anastomotic sites except a slight disorganization of the peripheral part. The method of glue coaptation before thawing seems to be a better method than that after thawing. CONCLUSIONS: "Cell surgery" technique can improve the nerve repair at the astomotic sites. When we weld the nerve with fibrin glue, coaptation before thawing should be achieved soon.

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Inhibition of T cells by direct contact with macrophages after murine-amputation injury.

Huaping LIANG ; Zhengguo WANG ; Peifang ZHU ; Bo GENG ; Xiang XU ; Yan LUO

Chinese Journal of Traumatology.1998;1(1):41-44.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether macrophages post trauma have inhibitory effect on normal T cells via direct cell to cell contact. METHODS: A murine amputation injury model was used, macrophages were harvested from abdominal cavity and treated with mitomycin-C to abrogate the secretion of cytokines. Separation of T cells from splenocytes in normal mice was performed using nylon column method. Mitomycin-C treated macrophages from control and traumatized mice were added into the normal T cell culture systems, then various parameters of T cell functions were determined. RESULTS: The production and secretion of interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2) could be abrogated after macrophages were treated with 25 &mgr;g/mL mitomycin-C for 30 minutes. Mitomycin-C treated macrophages from traumatized mice could obviously suppress T lymphocyte transformation, IL-2 mRNA and IL-2Ralpha mRNA levels, IL-2 production, IL-2Ralpha expression, IL-2 mediated lymphocyte proliferation response of normal T cells, could not affect IL-2-IL-2R interaction but elevated suppressive action of Ts cells. Removal of Ts cells from T cells could almost abolish the inhibition of macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: Macrophages post trauma can suppress T cell functions by depressing IL-2 and IL-2Ralpha gene expression via direct cell to cell contact, and this effect may be mediated mainly by increasing the action of Ts cells.

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Diagnosis and treatment of post-traumatic biliary leakage.

Dingyuan DU ; Jinmou GAO ; Xianyang TIAN

Chinese Journal of Traumatology.1998;1(1):37-40.

OBJECTIVE: To improve the quality of management in biliary leakage following liver or bile tract injury. METHODS: All patients with liver and/or bile duct injuries from October 1987 to February 1998 inclusive were studied retrospectively in respects of their age, sex, type and mechanism of injury, the grade of liver trauma, treatment and subsequent complications. RESULTS: In 271 patients with hepatobiliary injuries, 14 (5.17%) developed a bile leak, which fell into 2 main types: Type I, injuries involving extrahepatic or first-order bile ducts (6 patients);Type II, injuries of more peripheral biliary radicles (8 patients). Most bile leakages in this series closed spontaneously in 7-14 days postoperatively. Intra-abdominal infection (28.57%) was a frequent complication which required active intervention. CONCLUSIONS: In the management of biliary leakage, it is important that (1) the leakage should be well localized; (2) adequate abdominal drainage plays a key role in controlling any type of biliary leakage; (3) decompression of the biliary tract favors the healing of injured biliary tree, especially in Type I leakage.

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Effects of LPS, PLA(2) and OFR on proton translocation across inner mitochondrial membrane and H(+)-ATPase in the liver.

Songmin LU ; Heming YANG ; Shuangming SONG ; Jiancang LIU ; Ping LI ; Zhihong WAN ; Houjun JIA

Chinese Journal of Traumatology.1998;1(1):32-36.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) and oxygen free radical (OFR) on proton transmembrane translocation and H(+)-ATPase. METHODS: The normal rats were sacrificed for preparetion liver mitochondria and submitochondrial particles for experiments in vitro. Submitochondrial particles were incubated with LPS (100 &mgr;g/mL), PLA(2) (10 u/mL) and FeSO(4)/Vit C (30/90 &mgr;mol/L) at 30 degrees C for 30 min. The proton translocation of submitochondrial particles (SMPs) were assayed with the fluorescent probe ACMA (9-amino-6-chloro-2 methoxya cridine). The mitochondria were incubated with different concentration of LPS, PLA(2) and FeSO(4)/Vit C. The H(+)-ATPase, PLA(2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assayed. RESULTS: The fluorescent quenching of ACMA and H(+)-ATPase activity in high dose was significantly decreased after treatment with LPS, PLA(2), FeSO(4)/Vit C (P<0.05). The mitochondrial PLA(2) activity and MDA content were significantly increased after treatment with LPS (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: FeSO(4)/Vit C in low dose causes increases H(+)-ATPase activity. LPS, PLA(2), FeSO(4)/Vit C might be the important factors changing H(+)-ATPase and proton translocation across the membrane.

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