Invasive mucormycosis in neonates, analysis of 8 cases.
Chinese Journal of Pediatrics.2005;43(1):62-63.
Chinese Journal of Pediatrics
1950 to Present ISSN: 0578-1310
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Idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia in a child with disseminated cryptococcosis.
Chinese Journal of Pediatrics.2005;43(1):60-61.
Chinese Journal of Pediatrics.2005;43(1):57-59.
Chinese Journal of Pediatrics.2005;43(1):56-57.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Carbon Monoxide ; metabolism ; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) ; metabolism ; Lung ; metabolism ; Oxygen ; physiology ; Rats
Effect of losartan on heme oxygenase-1 expression in volume overloaded rats.
Chinese Journal of Pediatrics.2005;43(1):55-56.
Chinese Journal of Pediatrics.2005;43(1):53-54.
Chinese Journal of Pediatrics.2005;43(1):48-52.
OBJECTIVEDuring the critical period of brain development, insufficiency of thyroid hormone results in severe mental retardation and learning deficit. This study was designed to investigate the effects of hypothyroidism on apoptosis and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax gene in the developing rat hippocampus neurons and to explore the mechanism of brain development regulated by thyroid hormone.
METHODHypothyroidism was induced by administration of propylthiouracil (PTU, 50 mg/d) solution to the dams from gestational day 15 by gavage. Pups from both hypothyroid and control groups were harvested at postnatal day 1 (P1), P5, P10 and P15, respectively. Blood samples were collected at the time of death for the determination of thyroid hormone. Serum free tri-iodothyronine (FT(3)) and free thyroxine (FT(4)) were measured by using chemoluminescence. Hippocampus collected from the control and hypothyroid pups were examined under light and transmissional electron microscopy. Measurement of DNA fragmentation was carried out by agarose gel electrophoresis. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein in the developing rat hippocampus neurons was performed by Western blotting.
RESULTSSignificantly lower circulating FT(4) and FT(3) levels confirmed the hypothyroid status of the experimental pups. The shrunken and contracted degenerations increased in hippocampus neurons of hypothyroid pups under light microscopy. Enhanced apoptotic cells were found in hippocampus neurons of hypothyroid pups under transmission electron microscopy, especially at P10 and P15. Extensive DNA fragmentation was seen throughout development in hippocampus of hypothyroid pups, but not in the euthyroid controls except for basal level at P10. The expression of Bcl-2 in the hippocampus neurons of hypothyroid pups was significantly lower than that of euthyroid controls at all stages of development (P1: 1.95 +/- 0.27 vs. 2.59 +/- 0.19, P < 0.05, P5: 1.86 +/- 0.24 vs. 2.47 +/- 0.17, P < 0.05, P10: 1.29 +/- 0.22 vs. 1.86 +/- 0.28, P < 0.05 and P15: 1.21 +/- 0.27 vs. 2.18 +/- 0.17, P < 0.01, respectively). The relative amount of expression varied significantly with age in the control pups. The level of Bcl-2 was high in hippocampus neurons of euthyroid at P1, P5, and decreased significantly at P10, and showed a trend of recovery at P15. Similar age-related variation in the expression of Bcl-2 gene was observed in the hypothyroid group at P1, P5 and P10, but the level was maintained low at P15. The expression of Bax in the hippocampus neurons of hypothyroid pups was significantly higher than that of control pups at all stages of development (P1: 1.69 +/- 0.14 vs. 1.24 +/- 0.23, P < 0.05, P5: 1.78 +/- 0.16 vs. 1.29 +/- 0.17, P < 0.05, P10: 1.92 +/- 0.18 vs. 1.45 +/- 0.14, P < 0.05 and P15: 1.86 +/- 0.14 vs. 1.51 +/- 0.12, P < 0.05, respectively). The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in hippocampus neurons of hypothyroid pups was lower than that of age-matched controls (P1: 1.16 +/- 0.17 vs. 2.12 +/- 0.35, P < 0.05, P5: 1.05 +/- 0.16 vs. 1.94 +/- 0.36, P < 0.05, P10: 0.68 +/- 0.17 vs. 1.29 +/- 0.16, P < 0.05 and P15: 0.67 +/- 0.19 vs. 1.45 +/- 0.22, P < 0.01, respectively).
CONCLUSIONThyroid hormone significantly prevents apoptosis of hippocampus neurons. Congenital hypothyroidism increases not only the extent but also the duration of apoptosis by down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and maintaining a high level of the pro-apoptotic gene Bax.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; physiology ; Down-Regulation ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Hypothyroidism ; physiopathology ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism
Chinese Journal of Pediatrics.2005;43(1):44-47.
OBJECTIVEAcute intracranial hypertension/cerebral edema (ICH/CE) is an increase in brain volume caused by an absolute increase in cerebral tissue water content. Severe ICH/CE is often associated with a higher mortality and higher neurological consequence rate in intensive care unit. However, little relevant information is available on critical condition of central nervous system in children. The aim of this survey was to study the causes, clinical epidemiology and risk factors of critical illness with ICH/CE in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).
METHODSCase records of critically ill patients with ICH/CE admitted to PICU in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University during the period from January, 1999 to December, 2003 were reviewed for causes, case fatality rate, prognosis and relationship with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Univariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors associated with ICH/CE.
RESULTSDuring the 5 years, 1446 cases with critical illnesses were admitted and ICH/CE developed in 216 patients. The leading causes of ICH/CE were central nervous system infection (27.8%), accidental injuries (22.4%), and sepsis (10.2%). The overall mortality of the patients with ICH/CE was 29.2%. The mortality showed no significant change during the years from 1999 to 2003 (chi(2) = 0.371, P = 0.985). There was no significant difference in mortality of patients with ICH/CE between those with and without neurological diseases (chi(2) = 0.546, P = 0.460). Univariate analyses involving 12 factors indicated the following risk factors: younger age, number of failed organ, lower pediatric critical illness score, underlying diseases, abnormal respiration and change in size of pupil (P < 0.05 or < 0.001). The following factors were not associated with higher risk of death from ICH/CE: sex, organ of primary disease, Glasgow coma score ( 7) on admission, elevated blood pressure and anterior fontanelle change (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONSThe mortality of ICH/CE remains high since 1999. Central nervous system infection, accidental injuries, and sepsis were leading causes of ICH/CE in PICU of the hospital. Children who had ICH/CE due to younger age, lower pediatric critical illness score, and complicated with MODS had a higher mortality rate.
Acute Disease ; Brain Edema ; mortality ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Critical Illness ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; statistics & numerical data ; Intracranial Hypertension ; mortality ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors
Pulmonary cryptococcosis accompanied by eosinophilia in a case.
Chinese Journal of Pediatrics.2005;43(1):43-43.
Chinese Journal of Pediatrics.2005;43(1):39-43.
OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between the expression of turnor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA in fat tissue of intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR) rats and insulin resistance, and the long-term effects of early different nutritional diet.
METHODSThe IUGR rat model was established by food restriction of pregnant rats. A total of 32 newborn IUGR rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: IUGR model (S/N) group, IUGR high caloric diet (A) group, IUGR high caloric and high protein diet (B) group, IUGR high protein diet (C) group. Only the mother rats were given those different diets individually, and all IUGR newborn pups were lactated for 3 weeks. From the beginning of the 4(th) week, all IUGR pups were weaned and fed with normal diet till the end of the experiment. Eight normal birth weight newborn rats were used as the control group fed with the normal diet. Weight, perirenal fat weight, fasting glucose and insulin concentration and quantified TNF-alpha mRNA expression in adipose cell were measured at the 48(th) week. The insulin sensitive index (ISI) and the relation index between TNF-alpha mRNA and fat weight, fat weight/body weight (fw/bw) ratio and ISI were calculated.
RESULTSISI of IUGR model group, IUGR A and B groups was lower than normal control group, while perirenal fat weight, fw/bw and the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in adipose cells were all significantly higher (P < 0.05 or 0.01). There were no significant differences in these indexes between IUGR C group and normal control groups (P > 0.05). A positive correlation was found between TNF-alpha mRNA and fat weight and fw/bw (r(1) = 0.755, r(2) = 0.782, P = 0.000). Significant inverse associations between ISI and TNF-alpha mRNA (r = -0.556, P = 0.000) and fw/bw (r = -0.513, P = 0.02) were also found.
CONCLUSIONThe occurrence of insulin resistance in IUGR rats is possibly associated with central obesity and accumulation of the abdominal fat and adipose cell over-expression of TNF-alpha. The adipose TNF-alpha may be an important pathogenic factor of insulin resistance of IUGR. High protein diet is a reasonable nutritional intervention. Because it promotes the skeleton muscle catch-up growth but not fat catch-up growth, it can avoid the occurrence of central obesity and insulin resistance in IUGR rats.
Adipose Tissue ; metabolism ; Animals ; Diet ; Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Insulin Resistance ; Nutritional Status ; Pregnancy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism
Country
China
Publisher
中华医学会
ElectronicLinks
https://www.cmaped.org.cn/Editor-in-chief
cjp@cma.org.cn
Abbreviation
Chinese Journal of Pediatrics
Vernacular Journal Title
中华儿科杂志
ISSN
0578-1310
EISSN
Year Approved
2009
Current Indexing Status
Currently Indexed
Start Year
1950
Description
历史沿革【现用刊名：中华儿科杂志;创刊时间：1950】，该刊被以下数据库收录【CA 化学文摘(美)(2009);CBST 科学技术文献速报(日)(2009);Pж(AJ) 文摘杂志(俄)(2009);中国科学引文数据库(CSCD—2008)】，核心期刊【中文核心期刊(2008);中文核心期刊(2004);中文核心期刊(2000);中文核心期刊(1996);中文核心期刊(1992)】，期刊荣誉【中科双效期刊】。
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