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Ellagic Acid Shows Different Anti-proliferative Effects Between the MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines.

Hyun Ah KIM ; Ryung Ah LEE ; Byung In MOON ; Kuk Jin CHOE

Journal of Breast Cancer.2009;12(2):85-91. doi:10.4048/jbc.2009.12.2.85

PURPOSE: It has been demonstrated ellagic acid can inhibit tumor growth. However, the mechanism that elicits the anti-proliferative effect of ellagic acid is poorly understood. Our objective in this study was to evaluate the biological activity of ellagic acid by comparing the anti-proliferative effect and the apoptotic pathway of ellagic acid between the 2 human breast cancer cell lines. METHODS: The MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines were used as cell models. The anti-proliferstive effect was evaluated by using a MTT assay. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blotting was performed to show the expressions of bcl-xL, cytochrome c, surviving, c-fos and pS2. RESULTS: The ellagic acid in the MDA-MB-231 cells showed significant anti-proliferative effects with dose dependent pattern. The anti-proliferative effects in MCF-7 cells were observed in only at a high concentration. Ellagic acid had no effect on the cell cycle in both breast cancer cells. In MDA-MB-231, the expression of bcl-xL was decreased with the decreasing concentration of ellagic acid. The expression of cytochrome c in the cytosol was increased with the decreased expression of bcl-xL. Ellagic acid also decreased the expression of survivin. In the MCF-7 cells, the expressions of bcl-xL and cytochrome c showed no change after treatment with ellagic acid even at a high dose. Ellagic acid was able to induce an up-regulation of c-fos and pS2 protein in MCF-7. CONCLUSION: Ellagic acid has an anti-proliferative effect in the MDA-MB-231 cells. This effect of ellagic acid is through the intrinsic pathway in MDA-MB-231 cells. However, the expression of bcl-xL showed no change in the MCF-7 cells. Ellagic acid has a different anti-proliferative effect between the two human breast cancer cell lines.
Blotting, Western ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line ; Cytochromes c ; Cytosol ; Ellagic Acid ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Up-Regulation

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Imaging and Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Breast Cancers in Younger Group Compared to in Old Group.

Yoon Jung CHOI ; Shin Ho KOOK ; Hyon Joo KWAG ; Yong Lai PARK

Journal of Breast Cancer.2009;12(2):79-84. doi:10.4048/jbc.2009.12.2.79

PURPOSE: We wanted to evaluate the difference of the images and the clinicopathological characteristics of young-age female breast cancer patients as compared to older Korean women with breast cancer. METHODS: A total of 351 breast cancers cases during the previous 3 years were evaluated. A cut-off level of 40 years was used to divide the patients into the young (< or =40 years, 86 cases, 24.5%) and older groups (>40 years, 265 cases, 75.5%). We reviewed the BI-RADS results, the sensitivity of mammography (MMG) and sonography (US), the presenting symptoms, the histopathological type, the post-operative stage and the receptor status. These factors were compared between the young age group and the older age group. Chi-squared tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: BI-RADS category 1 disease on the MMG (12.8% vs 6.4%, respectively) and BI-RADS category 3 disease on the US (3.5% vs 1.1%) were more common for the younger group as compared to the older group. The sensitivity of MMG and US was lower for the younger group than for the older group (69.2% and 82.3% vs 84.5% and 93.3%, respectively). Clinical symptom, histopathology, final stage, and the size of tumor or receptor status did not show statistical significant differences. CONCLUSION: Imaging young women breast cancers were less sensitive, more frequently assessed as normal on MMG and as more probably benign on US, and no clinicopathological differences were shown.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography

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Radiation Pneumonitis after Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer: A Volumetric Analysis Using CT Simulator.

Eui Kyu CHIE ; Kyung Hwan SHIN ; Dae Yong KIM ; Tae Hyun KIM ; Han Sung KANG ; Eun Sook LEE ; Kwan Ho CHO

Journal of Breast Cancer.2009;12(2):73-78. doi:10.4048/jbc.2009.12.2.73

PURPOSE: To assess clinical factors and volumetric parameters associated with clinically significant symptomatic radiation pneumonitis (RP), which requires steroid medication after radiotherapy (RT). METHODS: Medical records of 204 irradiated breast cancer patients were reviewed. Percent lung volume (PLV) receiving more than 20 Gy was measured from CT-based treatment plan and was correlated with the central lung distance (CLD) of local and regional fields. PLV was also evaluated as a predictive factor of symptomatic RP, along with other previously reported clinical factors. RESULTS: Average (+/-standard deviation) actual irradiated lung volume and PLV for breast/chest wall irradiation were 169 (+/-50.6) cm3 and 14.9 (+/-3.8)%, respectively. Addition of regional irradiation resulted in increase of 183 (+/-80.2) cm3 in actual irradiated lung volume and 16.5 (+/-6.2)% in PLV. The correlation between CLD of the local fields and PLV was significant, with 1 cm of CLD corresponding to approximately 6% of PLV. CLD of the regional field was also significantly associated with PLV: a CLD of 3 cm corresponds to a PLV of approximately 13%; a CLD of 4 cm, approximately 17%; and a CLD of 5 cm, approximately 21%. RP developed in 11 patients (5.4%). There was an increased incidence of RP among patients who underwent local RT vs local and regional RT (2.4% vs 12.1%, p=0.0192). In terms of PLV, total PLV > or =23% was associated with the development of RP (p=0.0467). Previously reported clinical factors failed to show statistically significant association. CONCLUSION: Correlation between CLD and PLV for local and regional fields was significant on volumetric analysis. Although symptomatic RP requiring steroid medication was a rare complication, regional irradiation increased the incidence of RP, and such relationship can be expressed with a volumetric parameter of PLV.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lung ; Medical Records ; Radiation Pneumonitis ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant

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Radiation-induced Pulmonary Toxicity and Related Risk Factors in Breast Cancer.

Hak Jae KIM ; Won Il JANG ; Tae Jung KIM ; Jee Hyun KIM ; Sung Won KIM ; Sung Ho MOON ; Jae Sung KIM ; In Ah KIM

Journal of Breast Cancer.2009;12(2):67-72. doi:10.4048/jbc.2009.12.2.67

PURPOSE: This study was designed to assess the incidence of pulmonary toxicity (PT) and related risk factors in breast cancer patients treated with postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) with or without the use of chemotherapy. METHODS: The whole breast or chest wall was irradiated with two tangential photon fields to a total dose of 50.4 Gy in 261 patients. A single anterior oblique photon field for a supraclavicular (SCL) node included if indicated. All patients underwent three-dimensional RT planning (3D RTP), and the calculation of dose volume histogram (DVH) parameters (i.e., ipsilateral lung volume that received > or =15 Gy [V15], V20, V30, and mean lung dose [MLD]). The relationship of symptomatic radiation pneumonitis (SRP) and pulmonary toxicity as discerned by radiographic features (radiographic pulmonary toxicity or RPT) with the clinical and DVH parameters were evaluated. In addition, the relationship of severity of RPT with the DVH parameters was assessed. RESULTS: SRP and RPT developed in 1.9% (5/261) and 22.6% (59/261) of patients, respectively. Age (p=0.008), inclusion of an SCL field (p<0.0001), use of chemotherapy (p<0.0001), use of taxane (p<0.0001), and all DVH parameters (p<0.0001) were associated with RPT in univariate analysis. Based on the results of multivariate analysis, V30 (p<0.001), age (p=0.001) and use of taxane (p=0.036) were significant risk factors in the development of RPT. None of the DVH parameters was associated with the severity of RPT. CONCLUSION: The incidence rate of SRP was very low and there was no correlation between any clinical factor or DVH parameters and SRP. Age, the use of taxane-based chemotherapy and V30 were correlated with the development of RPT.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Bridged Compounds ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lung ; Multivariate Analysis ; Pneumonia ; Radiation Pneumonitis ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Risk Factors ; Taxoids ; Thoracic Wall

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Establishment and Characterization of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cell in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Sentinel Lymphadenectomy.

Akihiko TAKEDA

Journal of Breast Cancer.2009;12(2):61-66. doi:10.4048/jbc.2009.12.2.61

Recently remarkable progress has been made in the understanding of lymphangiogenesis due to the availability of specific biomarkers. A sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has already been established as a common surgical procedure, and the clinical usefulness of an SLN biopsy has been confirmed in patients with various types of cancer. In this study, a novel method has been successfully developed for the isolation of anatomically defined lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) from human sentinel lymphatic channels during an SLN biopsy in breast cancer patients by the use of collagenase II digestion. The isolated cells were cultured in EGM-2MV media with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) under hypoxic conditions in an atmosphere of 5% O2, 5% CO2 and 90% N2 at 37degrees C. The cultured cells exhibited a monolayer with a cobblestone appearance. Immunofluorescence analysis using selective lymphangiogenesis markers showed expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3), prospero homeobox 1 (Prox-1) and Podoplanin. Newly established LECs showed expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family members except VEGF-D and corresponding VEGF receptors by the use of conventional RT-PCR. Treatment with VEGF-C156S (500 ng/mL) apparently induced phosphorylation of the protein kinase Akt, MAPK and JNK in human isolated LECs as determined by Western blot analysis. Peak induction of Akt, MAPK and JNK occurred at 10 to 15 minutes after incubation of the isolated LECs with VEGF-C156S. The use of the MTS cell proliferation assay showed a significant increase in the growth of human lymphatic endothelial cells with VEGF-C156S treatment. The effects of VEGF-C156S (500 ng/mL) on proliferation activity was significantly with 3% FBS condition alone (MTS score: 0.54+/-0.0104, n=3) and a 3% FBS+VEGF-C156S (MTS score: 0.572+/-0.0061, n=3) condition. The isolated and enzymatic digested method adopted for the culture of human LECs is simple and useful for the investigation of the cellular, molecular and genomic properties of LECs.
Atmosphere ; Biomarkers ; Biopsy ; Blotting, Western ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagenases ; Digestion ; Endothelial Cells ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Genes, Homeobox ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphangiogenesis ; Nitriles ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases ; Pyrethrins ; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3

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Commentary: Simulations in Breast Cancer: The Next Steps.

Kieran WALSH

Journal of Breast Cancer.2014;17(3):299-300. doi:10.4048/jbc.2014.17.3.299

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms*

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Recurrent Bilateral Breast Abscess Due to Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection.

Hyunkyung YOO ; Sang Hyun CHOI ; Youn Jeong KIM ; Sei Joong KIM ; Young Up CHO ; Suk Jin CHOI

Journal of Breast Cancer.2014;17(3):295-298. doi:10.4048/jbc.2014.17.3.295

Since recurrent bilateral breast infection due to nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) is rare, its diagnosis is easily overlooked; in addition, complete recovery is often difficult to achieve. We report a case of recurrent bilateral infection in a 35-year-old woman who had completed treatment for NTM. Although various infectious diseases show similar clinical conditions and imaging findings, recurrences should raise suspicion of NTM infection, and this possibility should be considered in differential diagnoses.
Abscess* ; Adult ; Breast* ; Communicable Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ; Recurrence

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Postmastectomy/Axillary Node Dissection Chyloma: The Additional Value of SPECT/CT Lymphoscintigraphy.

Sue Ping THANG ; Aaron Kian Ti TONG ; David Chee Eng NG

Journal of Breast Cancer.2014;17(3):291-294. doi:10.4048/jbc.2014.17.3.291

After mastectomy and axillary node dissection, chylous leakage is rare. However, considerable anatomical variation in the termination of the thoracic duct has been reported. Hence, during breast surgery, injury to the lateral terminating branch is not unlikely and might lead to retrograde chyle leak. Herein, we describe a patient who had a chylous leakage at her wound site after a left simple mastectomy and axillary node dissection and for whom lymphoscintigraphy with Tc-99m albumin nanocolloid was performed. In this case, additional hybrid single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography study was done, and has helped with the accurate identification of the chyle leakage site, thus aiding in surgical management.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Chyle ; Humans ; Lymphoscintigraphy* ; Mastectomy ; Mastectomy, Simple ; Thoracic Duct ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Wounds and Injuries

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Combined Antiangiogenic and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitor Targeted Therapy in Metaplastic Breast Cancer Harboring a PIK3CA Mutation.

Rishi AGARWAL ; Kimberly KOENIG ; Eric ROHREN ; Vivek SUBBIAH

Journal of Breast Cancer.2014;17(3):287-290. doi:10.4048/jbc.2014.17.3.287

Metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC) is an extremely rare breast cancer subtype, characterized by a heterogeneous phenotype. MpBC aggressive biology is attributed to its stem cell-like characteristics. Since these tumors are largely chemoresistant, novel targeted therapies should be explored. Herein, we report the clinical course of a 59-year-old African American woman with MpBC with a PIK3CA mutation in codon 545, exon 10 (GAG to AAG; p.Glu545Lys) and a TP53 mutation in codon 286, exon 8 (GAA to AAA; p.Glu286Lys). The same mutations were observed in the primary and secondary sites. The patient was treated with a molecularly matched therapy using a combined antiangiogenic and mammalian target of rapamycin kinase inhibitor strategy that included liposomal doxorubicin, bevacizumab, and temsirolimus. Partial remission was achieved. In this report, the scientific rationale underlying the activity of this combination was explored. In conclusion, patients may benefit from being offered molecular profiling early during the course of the disease to receive a therapy guided accordingly.
Biology ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Codon ; Doxorubicin ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Phenotype ; Phosphotransferases ; Sirolimus* ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; Bevacizumab

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Breast Cancer Screening Knowledge and Perceived Health Beliefs among Immigrant Women in Korea.

Jiyoung KIM ; Se Kyung LEE ; Jeonghui LEE ; Min Young CHOI ; Seung Pil JUNG ; Min Kook KIM ; Sangmin KIM ; Seok Jin NAM ; Jeong Eon LEE ; Won Ho KIL

Journal of Breast Cancer.2014;17(3):279-286. doi:10.4048/jbc.2014.17.3.279

PURPOSE: Recently, through international marriage, immigrant women have rapidly increased throughout Korea. This study was performed to identify health beliefs and practices related to breast cancer screening in immigrant women in Korea. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out between March and July 2012, and study population included immigrant females from six other Asian countries (Cambodia, China, Japan, Mongolia, Vietnam, and the Philippines). We surveyed 197 women and categorized them into four groups according to home countries. The questionnaire consisted of 55 items, including demographic and socioeconomic factors, breast cancer-related knowledge regarding risk factors and symptoms, beliefs and attitudes towards health and breast cancer, perceived susceptibility, barriers, and benefits of screening. RESULTS: Japanese participants were significantly older and had resided in Korea for more years than other country-of-origin groups (all p<0.001), and showed higher screening rates without statistical significance (p=0.392). In multivariate analysis, country of origin showed a significant correlation with knowledge (p=0.001), positive beliefs (p=0.002), and perceived benefits (p=0.025) of breast cancer screening. The group with the lowest household income showed a significantly lower score of perceived benefits (p=0.022). Through analysis to identify factors affecting participation in screening mammography, we found that education level (p=0.009), occupation status (p=0.006), and Korean language fluency (p=0.002) were independent predictors for screening behavior. CONCLUSION: This study identified conditions related to breast cancer screening knowledge, perception, and behavior of immigrant women in Korea. The results reflect the need for increased social aids to remove barriers to medical services and more educational programs to facilitate higher rates of screening.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms* ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education ; Emigrants and Immigrants* ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Japan ; Korea ; Mammography ; Marriage ; Mass Screening* ; Mongolia ; Multivariate Analysis ; Occupations ; Risk Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Vietnam ; Surveys and Questionnaires

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