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MENISCUS IS COVERED BY SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION IN RABBITS

Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine.1982;0(02):-.

It is generally considered that there were no synovial membranes covering the surfaces of the meniscus. Therefore, the existence of synovial membrane is of importance in the repairing of menisci (20 menisci altogether) studied by using histological methods. The staining methods included hematoxylin and eosin(HE), Mallory and VG(van Gieson)specific technique. The main results are as follows:1. On the horizontal sections of the menisci, it shows clearly that the synovial membranes at the interior margin of the menisci is different from that of the other part.2. On the frontal section of the menisci, there are synovial membranes covering the superior and inferior surfaces of the menisci, especially evident on the inferior surface.3. On the other section of the menisci, it is observed that the synovial membrane of capsule is closely associated with that of menisci. The latter is the continuation of the former.4. On sections to which Mallory and VG staining methods were applied, the synovial that covered the menisci were observed to be the continuation of that the capsule.

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The Effects of Aerobic Exercises on the Pulmonary Ventilation Function and Electrocardiac Activity of Simple Obesity Primary School Students

Guoxiang WANG ; Dianyu LIU ; Wenjun WANG ; Chunlin YUE

Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine.2010;(2):170-172,169.

Objective To investigate the effects of aerobic exercises on the pulmonary ventilation function and electrocardiac activity of simple obesity primary school students. Methods 30 simple obesity boy students were recruited for this study. All the subjects participated in a 12-week aerobic training program (40 min/day,4 days/week). Body composition,pulmonary function and electrocardiogram were tested at the beginning and the end of the training program. Results Decreases of fat mass and body fat ratios were found in response to the exercise stimulus (P<0.05). Free-fat mass(FFM) significantly increased. No statistically significant differences of waist hip ratio (WHR) were found. Among the pulmonary ventilation function indexes,MVV、FEV_1、V_(50)/Ht and PEFR increased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01). Among the EEG indexes,QTd value and QTcd value decreased significantly (P<0.05,P<0.01). Conclusion Aerobic exercises could improve the pulmonary ventilation function of simple obesity primary school students,and had favorable regulations on electrocardiac activity.

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LUMBAR SPONDYLOLYSIS:A BIOMECHANICAL STUDY

Liyang DAI

Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine.1982;0(02):-.

A mechanical model was constructed with three-dimensional finite element method to analyse the statusof stress distribution in the isthmus of the neural arch. It was found that the stress concentrate significantlyin the isthmus with spine upright. flexed and extended, and most obviously in extension position. The auth-ors conclude that spondylolysis is mainly the fatigue fracture due to locally increased stress and is contribut-ing most by backward extension of lumbar spine.

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EFFECT ON ALTRASTRUCTURE OF CHONDROCYTE IN THE EPIPHYSEAL PLATE AFTER CHRONIC COLLISION INJURY

Tiebin YAN ; Binquan XU

Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine.1983;0(04):-.

Five young rabbits were divided into 5 groups (2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 week), one rabbit in each group.A special collision unit was used in the experiment by which the distal ends of the right fore legs of rabbits were struck repeatedly. Altrastructure changes of chondrocyte at the epiphyseal plate in the distal endof radius were observed in H-500 electron microscope. In two and four week groups, organaelles swelling was found such as rough endoplasmic reticulum andmitochondria, especially mitochondria swelling which showed different shapes like sausagge and racket.Space around nucleus increased, nucleus shape changed, myeline structure in the mitochondria and chroma- tin margination in the nucleus were found in the six and eight week groups. Altrastructure changes weremore serious in the eight and twelve week groups than other groups. Necrosis of chondrocyte was appearedsuch as part organaelles dissolved or disappeared, nucleus brokeu aud nucleus memberane disappeared. The results showed in altrastructure pathology that chronic collision injury can cause not only degeneration of chondrocyte in the pressure epiphyseal plate but necrosis of chondrocyte as well. It concluses that chondrocyte necrosis is related to local ischemia resulted from chronic collision injury.

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THE ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD AND MAXIMAL OXYGEN UPTAKE OF CHINESE CROSS-COUNTRY SKIERS

Dongxu LU

Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine.1983;0(03):-.

The anaerobic threshold (AT) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO_(2max)) are both important physiological foundation of the aerobic capacity for athletes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cross-country skiers' aerobic capacity comprehensively and to provide useful information for selecting and training skiers by using the AT and VO_(2max). The results showed that there were significant differences between men's VO_(2max) (4.4L/min, 69.09 ml/kg. min and VO_(2AT) (2.89 L/min) and women's (3.071/min, 55.33 ml/min for VO_(2max) and 2.03 L/min for VO_(2AT), respectively) (p

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EARLY MUSCLE SORENESS AND STIFFNESS OF ATHLTES AFTER TRAINING

Qingfang GUO ; Xiangui YU ; Peiqing LIU

Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine.1982;0(01):-.

The muscle tonus of 7 (43 trials) swimmers were measured by the side of theswimming pool before and after training when they felt muscle stiffness and sore-ness. The muscle tonus and EMG of 10 (20 trails) swimmers and 5 (10 trails) runnrswere also measured and taken in the laboratory when they had a pain in the muscleafter training. The results showed that after training the muscle tonus was significantly higherthan before and the athletes had muscle stiffness and soreness. After stretching,not only the muscle tonus decreased, the athletes also felt better. The amplitude of the EMG appeared higher in the first stretching. then it be-came lower and lower with the stretching even showed electric silence. At the sametime, the muscle tonus decreased and the soreness was relieved. This study suggested that the early muscle soreness and stiffness are not cau-sed by local tissue edema, which is thought to be due to biochemical end-productsof metabolism, especially lactic acid. If muscle soreness and stiffness after vigo-rous exercises are the result of tissue edema, they can not be readily relieved byway of stretching technique since the water causing tissue edema cannot be remo-ved from the muscle tissue to the circulation in only about 30 seconds. Therefore, in our opinion, the early muscle soreness and stiffness are not cau-sed by biochemical but by physiological reasons, i. e. the physiological reflex spasmrelated with the functional state of the muscle spindle sensing system. Of course.this still needs to be confirmed by more extensive study in the future.

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A STUDY ON EXERCISE THERAPY AFTER TRANSPLANTATION OF KIDNEY

Meiguang HUONG

Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine.1982;0(01):-.

So far in the literature we hate not come across reports concerning the method and effect of therapeuticexercise aftet transplantation of kidney. In an attempt to make investigations in this direction, exercise the-rapy was adopted in 12 patients after renal transplantation and the tesults were evaluated. Exercise therapy was started in the second or third week after operation and was carried out in 2 stages:in bed and ambulatory. During the stage in bed, mainly the limbs were exercised, associated with properamount of exercises of respiration and abdominal muscles. In the ambulatory stage, the exercise was enduringwalking and slow runnipg. During each stage, the exercise was always restricted to small amount and graduallyincteased to medium amount. The following therapeutic effects were observed: (1) The patients became bettergenerally, their mental status improved, appetite became better, and they could sleep soundly. (2)Theircapacityof adaptation to pbysical activity was markedly improyed and their cardiac renal function also impr oved. (3)The cerebral reaction was quicker and the grasping power was stronger. (4) Patients' immuuogenic functionwas improved. In short, therapeutic exercise accelerated convalescence. Finally, indications for and mechanism of the effect of therapeutic exercise in patients with history oftransplantation of the kidney were discussed. It is beleived that therapeutic exercise is beneficial for thesepatients and further clinical trial is warranted.

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THE MET-ENKEPHALIN CHANGES IN DIFFERENT BRAIN AREAS AFTER EXHAUSTIVE RUNNING IN RATS

Xinming TAO ; Gongliang YUAN ; Yuliu CHENG

Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine.1982;0(01):-.

The purpose of this study is to observe the changes of the values of Met-enkephalin in variolus brain areas of rats, after exhaustive running on the treadmill by means of Radioimmunoussy (RIA). The resultsdemonstrated tbat the values of Met-enkephalin in the artas of cerebral cortex, caudatum. cerebellum andhypothalamus increased, significantly, while there was no significant change in those in areas of thalamus,brain stem and hippocampus. The following. conclusion has been drawn by the authors. The muscular activity is a type of stressorwhich can not only cause the changes of the values of ?-endorphin in plasma, but also cause the increase ofMet-enkephalin released from its neuron. Further investigations are needed on the problem whether the inc-rease in Met-enkephalin may have Dositive or negative physiological effects on the muscular activity of livingbody.

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AN INVESTIGATION ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SHAPE OF THE LOWER LIMBS AND SPORT INJURY

Wushao WANG ; Youzheng XIONG ; Lijun HUANG

Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine.1982;0(01):-.

The subjects examined were 398athletes. The method used included both questions and clinical examination. The differences of the data obtained all underwent Chi Square (X~2) test. Result of the investigation showed: the site of the highest incidence of injury was the ankle, 38.4%; the nextwas the knee, 26. 1%; the foot, 15. 3%; low back, 10. 3%; the thigh, 6. 8%; Tendo Achilles, 6. 5%; tibia, 4. 5%and fibula, 2. 3%. The incidence was relatively higher wbenever the injury had any relation with the shape ofthe knee (genu valgum, genu recurvatum), hallux Yalgus, c avus and callus and tarsal navicular. The differencesamong incidences of injury related with the shape of the lower limbs are of important statistical significance.As for the incidence of abnormal shape of limbs, genu valgum and recurvatum are outstanding in female wbilegenu varum occurs much more in male. This article is emphasized on the analysis of the mechanism of the influence of limb shape on injury;and it is thought that it is mainly due to changes in the line of force. In the authors' opinion, in the choiceof high level athletes, those who have such abnormal anatomy of their limbs should not be selected.

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FUNCTIONAL TRAINING AFTER RECONSTRUCTION OF THE THUMB BY FREE TRANSPLANTATION OF SECOND TOE

Zhenhua FAN ; Xiner CHEN ; Danyun TU

Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine.1982;0(02):-.

Since 1974, 39 cases, after thumb reconstruction by means of free transplantation of second toe, haveundergone functional training in the therapeutic gymnasium of Huaskan Hospital. Functional training consists of using intermittent traction with indigenous equipmints to moblize the thumb joints and using resistanceexercises with small rubber balls and wooden framed net of rubber bends to strengthen the thumb musclesThe training was carried out three sessions a week for a total of 18--219 sessions, averaging 49. 5 sessions. The distribution of cases in classes of basic function of the thumb was as follows: Before training: Good, 0; fair, 11; poor, 28; After training: Good, 2; fair. 32; poor, 5. Practical activities of the hand, such as selfserving. writing, sewing and using common tools were perfor-med satisfactorily when basic function of the thumb reached "good" or "fair" class.

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