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Effects of Aerobic Dance with Different Intensities on the Physical Fitness and Visual Evoked Potentials of Female Students

Jingguo ZHAO ; Shujuan PANG

Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine.2010;(1):18-21.

Objective To investigate the effects of 8-week Grade 2 and 5 Aerobic Dances on physical fitness and visual evoked potentials(VEPs)of female students.Methods ① Forty five female student volunteers were randomly divided into three groups:control group(C).Grade 2(G2)and 5(G5)Aerobic Dances groups.The aerobic dances groups took part in Chinese National Aerobic Dance Grade 2(135 tempo/min)and 5(148 tempo/min)separately,lh/day,3 days/week,for 8 weeks.②Physical fitness in three groups was compared before and after 8 weeks.③The NDI-200 neural electricity tester(Haishen)was applied to measure the PR-VEPs in all subjects before and after the experiment,and the changes in VEPs latencies,inter-peak latencies and peak to peak amplitudes were compared.ResuIts①The number of sit-ups with 90°knees flexion and sit-and reach,and maximuin oxygen uptake of both groups G2 and G5 increased significantly(P<0.01),especially in group G5.②As compared with the pre-test,the VEPs latencies in both groups G2 and G5 shogened,and the VEP P100 latency shortened more significantly in group G5(P<0.01).③No significant differences were found in both the VEPs inter-peak latencies and peak to peak amplitudes among the three groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Both Grade 2 and 5 Aerobic Dances could improve the physical fitness and shorten the VEP P_(100) latency,especially the Grade 5 Aerobic Dance.

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Effect of Aerobic Exercise on the Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Sedentary Healthy Adults: A Meta Analysis

Shumin QIU ; Peijie CHEN ; Chunhua ZHANG

Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine.2010;(1):14-17.

Objective Through this meta analysis of controlled clinical trials of the effect of aerobic exercise on the maximal oxygen uptake(VO_2max)in sedentary healthy adults,we attempt to provide evidence for exercise prescription.Methods MEDLINE search for controlled trials that involved in the effect of aerobic exercise on the VO_2max from 1976 to 2008 was conducted.The literatures were selected according to inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria.Review Manager 5.0 software provided a systematic evaluation for calculating VO_2 max Weighted Mean Difference with random effects model.Assessment of the sub-group of aerobic exercise intensity and literature publication bias were conducted.Results(1)Thirty five literatures were included in this review;involving 889 adults met the inclusion criteria.VO_2max Weighted Mean Difference is 3.61ml/kg/min,95%confidence interval 2.96～4.25ml/kg/min,with an increase of 13.2%,comparing with the average VO_2max values(27.26 ml/kg/min)before aerobic exercise.(2)The most effective exercise intensity was 70～80%VO_2max,71～80%HRmax and 61～70% HRR according to the sub.group of aerobic exercise intensity meta analysis.Conclusion VO_2max increased significantly due to participating in aerobic exercise in sedentary healthy adults.The results will provide a theoretical basis for me development of aerobic exercise prescription with appropriate intensity.

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Evidence for Central Neural Regulation of Pacing Strategies

So RAYMAND ; Zhijian HUANG ; Xiaobo JIANG ; Han XU ; Gangyan SI

Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine.2010;(1):8-13.

Objective Based on the model of exercise induced central fatigue,we attempt to testify that the whole power output in time-counted sporting events was regulated by the central nervous system(CNS).Methods Eighteen national level rowers participated in the experiment.Each participant completed two successive 6 minutes maximal rowing exercise with an interval of 15 minutes.The power output(PO),heart rate(HR),blood lactate(BL),RPE and EMG were measured.Results It was demonstrated that the pacing strategies adopted by the rowers in the 2 successive 6-minute rowing tests were remarkably similar,and the rowers'PO and iEMG activities in the two tests were highly correlated,especially in the last minute of exercise.Conclusion It is concluded that the hypothesis of pacing strategy is controlled by CNS.

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An Equation of Calculating Oxygen Consumption of Physical Activity in Obese Children and Adolescents

Haiyan LI ; Peijie CHEN ; Jie ZHUANG

Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine.2010;(2):217-220.

Objective To establish an equation of oxygen consumption in obese children and adolescents by multilevel linear model analytical method. Methods Sixty obese children and adolescents aged 11-16 years were randomly divided into the formula group(n=40) and back substitution verification group(n=20), with equal male and female. Subjects in formula group started exercise in the speed of 2km/h, increased lKm/h every 2.5 minutes till 8km/h, without gradient in treadmill and 80% HRmax was set as standard of exercise termination. Gaseous metabolism parameter and heart rate were measured for the set up of multiple linear regression equation of oxygen consumption. Back substitution verification was also made. Results Males' R~2 was 0.795 and females' R~2 was 0.75 in regression equation; oxygen consumption had a linear relationship (P0.001) with HR and LBM; The significance of variation coefficient and constants were obvious. The regression equation were set up as male:oxygen consumption(ml/min)=20.098xheart rate(bmp)+25.160×LBM(kg)-2935.835 and female: oxygen consumption(ml/min)=19.863xheart rate(bmp)+26.551×LBM(kg)-2675.676. The predictive value of oxygen consumption of the average relative error was 6.84%～8.72% in male, and 6.53%～8.23% in female. Conclusion The multiple regression equation of oxygen consumption with heart rate and body weight as independent variables might be applied in the calculation of the oxygen consumption of physical activity in obese children and adolescents.

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Tunnel Position during the Single-bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction:A Study on 3D Measure Technique

Yi WANG ; Qirong DONG ; Shourong LU ; Zugen ZHENG ; Zhigao JIN

Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine.2010;(2):158-162.

Objective The purpose of this article was to investigate the internal tunnel position during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with single-bundle ACL. Methods MRI were performed in 10 knees form 10 volunteers at full extension and at 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120° flexion position. All the images obtained were exported into Mimics 10.01. Three-dimensional models were established with Mimics in a computer. All the mark points were confirmed on femur and tibia. The distance between the femoral mark point and tibial mark point was measured. The isometric point was determined as the change in the distance was shorter than 3mm during knee flexion-extension. Results Ten three-dimensional models were established successfully and the isometric points of A0-X, A15-X, A30-X, A45-X, B0-Y, B15-Y, B30-Y, B45-Y, C0-Z, C15-Z, C30-Z, C45-Z, and C60-Z were identified. Conclusion There was no absolute anatomical isometric point, whereas the physiological isometric point did exist. Therefore, determination of tibial point should be considered synthetically. B45-Y was recommended for tunnel position.

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Effect of Different Modes of Hypoxic Training on the Activities of Respiratory Chain Complexes in the Brain Mitochondria of Rats

Jie LI ; Lina PENG ; Xiaoyan YU ; Li CHEN

Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine.2010;(2):145-148.

Objective To study the effects of different hypoxic training modes on the activities of respiratory chain complexes in the brain mitochondria of rats. Methods Forty healthy two-month-old male Wister rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: living low-training low(LoLo), living high-training high(HiHi), living high-training low (HiLo), living low-training high(LoHi), and living high-exercise high-training low(HiHiLo). Rats were forced to complete a 5-week endurance training program. All training sessions were performed at the same relative intensity under normoxic(P=632mmHg, simulating about 1500m altitude) or hypoxic conditions(P=493mmHg, simulating 3500m altitude) for each of the five groups, respectively. Mitochondria were isolated with differential centrifugation. Spectrophotometric analysis was applied to evaluate RCC (Ⅰ- Ⅲ) activities in brain mitochondria. Results Compared with the LoLo, brain RCC activities in C Ⅱ in rats from LoHi significantly decrease(P<0.05). Brain RCC activities in C Ⅲ in rats from HiHi, HiLo and LoHi significantly decrease and from HiHiLo significantly increase (P<0.01). Conclusion These findings suggest that among different altitude training modes, HiHiLo is the superior one in developing function of mitochondria respiratory chain of rat brain tissues.

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Association between VEGF Gene Polymorphism and Changes in Left Ventricular Function after HiHiLo Training in Men of Han Nationality from Northern China

Jing NIE ; Yang HU ; Longyan YI ; Li ZHANG

Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine.2010;(2):133-136.

Objective To explore the association between VEGF gene polymorphism and the changes in cardiac function after HiHiLo. Methods Sixty two men of Han nationality from northern China underwent HiHiLo for 30 days. Training programme was as follows:exposure in hypoxic environment (14.8% - 14.3%O_2) 10hrs per day, hypoxic training three times per week (15.4%～14.8%O_2), and training at sea level in the remaining time. The genotype was analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Results There is an association between VEGF gene polymorphism and the changes in left ventricular structure and function after 4-week HiHiLo. LVM, LVMI, SV and SI after HiHiLo increased significantly in men carrying CC genotype were better than those carrying CT genotype. Conclusion Men of Han nationality carrying CC genotype probably have a better left ventricular function in response to the HiHiLo than those carrying CT genotype. CC genotype can be used as a genetic marker for the better responsiveness of left ventricular function to the HiHiLo.

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Relation of CAG Repeat Polymorphism of AR Gene in Men of Han Nationality from Northern China to the Effectiveness of Hypoxic Training

Haiyan WANG ; Yang HU ; Xin HAO ; Chunyan XU ; Longyan YI ; Jing NIE

Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine.2010;(2):128-132.

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of (CAG)n polymorphism in the exonl of the androgen receptor (AR) gene and its relation to the sensitivity of hypoxic training in men of Han nationality from northern China. Methods Sixty five healthy young men of Han nationality completed HiHiLo training under simulated normobaric hypoxic environment for 4 weeks. They stayed under the condition of 14.3-14.8% O_2 (simulating 2800～3000m) during nighttime and carried out hypoxic training under the condition of 14.8-15.4% O_2 (simulating 2500～2800m) 3 times per week at the intensity of 75% individual VO_2max. VO_2max and body weight of the subjects were measured. GeneScan method was used to identify the repeat alleles (genotypes) of CAG polymorphism. Results (1) Fifteen alleles (CAG)12,(CAG)16-28,(CAG)30 repeat alleles (genotypes) were observed in the subjects, in which (CAG)22 was the most common allele; (2) When 21 and 22 alleles were used as the cut point, the baseline of body weight in those carrying shorter genotypes was significantly lower than that in those carrying longer genotypes; (3) △VO_2max and △rVO_2max in men carrying shorter genotypes were significantly higher than that in men carrying longer genotypes after hypoxic training. Conclusion The result reveals that AR (CAG)n polymorphism is associated with the sensitivity of simulated normobaric hypoxic HiHiLo training in men of Han nationality from northern China, especially in those carrying shorter genotypes of AR CAG.

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Treatment of the Delayed/Nonunion of Scaphoid Fracture by Short-arm Cast Immobilization Leaving All the Metacarpophalangeal Joint Free

Yongjian WANG ; Gongzhou LIN

Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine.2010;(2):192-194.

Objective To study the clinical results of the short-arm cast immobilization leaving all the metacarpophalangeal joints free in the management of the delayed/nonunion of scaphoid fracture. Methods From August 1999 to January 2008, 18 cases of delayed/nonunion of scaphoid fracture were studied, including 2 cases with avascular necrosis in the proximal fragment and 2 cases with partial sclerosis. The average time from the injury was 6.3 months (range 2～12 months). The wrist was immobilized with a short-arm cast (from 5 cm below the elbow to the middle palmar crease), leaving all the metacarpophalangeal joints free until the fracture showed radiological signs of union. The wrist was fixed in 10 degrees of dorsiflexion and 20 degrees of ulnar deviation. All cases were reviewed every one or two months, and the cast should be changed if loose. Union of fracture was determined by plain radiograph. Results Union rate confirmed by plain radiograph was 88.9%(16 of 18) and average duration of cast was 4.7 months (range 3～8 months). Two cases with avascular necrosis in the proximal fragment achieved union after 5 and 6 months immobilization respectively. Of two failure cases of nonunion, one with partial sclerosis was immobilized for 5 months without signs of union and the other abandoned treatment after 2 months immobilization. Fourteen of the sixteen healed cases were followed up(with average of 9.3 months )after cast removal. Four cases were reported of 10 degrees dorsiflexion limitation of the wrist and three cases complained of mild pain during movement. Conclusion The delayed/nonunion of scaphoid fracture within 1 year after injury and without obvious sclerosis could achieve union with the short-arm cast immobilization leaving all the metacarpophalangeal joints free. The delayed/nonunion of scaphoid fracture with avascular necrosis in the proximal fragment need long term immobilization and also had chance of union.

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Effects of Acute Exhausted Exercise on the Myocardial HSP70 and Plasma ANP of Rats in a High Temperature Environment

Aiping LI ; Shuqiang CUI ; Jincheng XU ; Qi GAO ; Jiexiu ZHAO

Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine.2010;(2):188-191.

Objective To investigate the effect of acute exhausted exercise in high temperature environment on the expression of myocardial HSP70 and plasma ANP level of in rats. Methods Forty eight male Sprague-Dawley rats was randomly and equally assigned to the following six groups:control group(C),exercise group(E),one-hour heat exposure group (H), heat exposure and exercise group (HE), exercise and 24 hours after exercise group(E'),heat exposure and 24 hours after exercise(HE'). Each group consisted of 8 rats. Rats in E,HE,E' and HE' ran on a treadmill until exhaustion, while rats in H and H' were exposed in a high temperature environment (33℃ ,50%RH) for one hour. Rats in C,E,HE and H were killed immediately after exercise or heat exposure. Rats in HE' and E' were killed 24 hours after exercise. Samples from myocardium and serum were collected for determining HSP70,ANP and CK-MB. Results(1) HSP70 levels in groups E and E' are significantly higher than that in group C(P<0.05 and P<0.01,respectively),and the level in group HE' is significantly higher than that in groups H and E'(P<0.01 );The HSP70 level in group H is significantly higher than that in group C. (2) The ANP and CK-MB levels in group E are Significantly higher than that in group C.and in group HE is higher than in group H (P<0.05);The HSP70 levels in group E' and HE' significantly decrease comparing to that in groups E and HE (P<0.01). Conclusions(1)Both heat exposure and exercise can induce the increased expression of myocardial HSP70 in rats and the peak expression is seen 24 hours after exercise. The increased expression of HSP70 may have protective effects on the heat-induced myocardial injury. (2) The increased ANP levels in plasma immediately after exhausted exercise improves the blood circulation in myocardium and hints the potential possibility of myocardial damage. However,the high temperature environment does not strengthen the increase of plasma ANP level that caused by exhaustive exercise.

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