Distributions of cutaneous nerves of the hand were observed by dissection methodin the 200 hands of 100 Chinese adult cadavers (male 67, female 33). Incidences ofdistribution of individual nerves on the dorsum of hands were as following: Superficialbranch of the radial nerve: 98.5?0.90%; dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve: 99.0?0.7%;lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm: 23.5?3.00%; posterior cutaneous nerve of theforearm: 1.0?0.7%; and medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm: 1.0?0.7%. According to the range of distribution of relevant nerves, patterns of distribution ofcutaneous nerves on the dorsum of hands can be classified into 6 types. The type withthe superficial branch of the radial nerve distributing on the dorsum of radial 2(1/2) fingers,and the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve distributing on the ulnar 2(1/2) fingers was foundin 57.0?3.5% of the 200 hands. This type was considered as the prevalent type ofChinese subjects. Cases with the ulnar nerve entirely or almost entirely substituted bythe superficial branch of the radial nerve were grouped as type V, which was found in3.5?1.3% of cases. Cases with the radial nerve completely or almost completely re-placed by the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm while the dorsal branch of the ulnarnerve remaining unchanged were found in 5.0?1.54% of cases. The significance ofthese rare cases was discussed. Pattern of cutaneous distributions on the palm was quite constant. In 98.5?0.85%of cases showed to be the median nerve supplying the radial 3(1/2) fingers while the ulnarnerve supplying the ulnar 1(1/2) fingers.

Observations and measurements of the extrahepatic portal vein on 120 specimens arepresented. 1. The pattern of the pedicle of the portal vein may be classified into three types: (1) The portal vein is formed by convergence of the splenic and superior mesen-teric veins and the inferior mesenteric vein terminates in the splenic vein in 62 of thespecimens (51.67?4.6%). The distance from the termination of the inferior mesentericto the angle of portal confluence varies from 0.3 to 3.9 cm. (2) The termination of the inferior mesenteric vein is at the angle formed by theunion of the splenic and superior mesenteric veins in 17 of the specimens (14.17?3.3%). (3) The inferior mesenteric vein terminates in the superior mesenteric vein in 41of the specimens (34.17?4.3%). The distance from the termination of the inferiormesenteric to the angle of the portal confluence varies from 0.3 to 2.8 cm. 2. The length of the portal trunk varies from 4.5 to 9.2 cm. with 6.75 cm. as anaverage. 3. The postmortem diameter of the portal trunk varies from 0.7 to 1.9 cm. with1.25 cm. being the average. 4. The point of division of the portal vein into 1eft and right branches is found65.84?4.3% (79 specimens) intrahepatic and 34.16?4.3% (41 specimens) extra-hepatic. 5. The topographic relations of the portal vein with the biliary tract and thebranches of the bepatic artery together with some variations are studied and discussed.

The purpose of our studies was to investigate the relation between the condition of the adrenal and the growth of Sarcoma 180 (S_(180)) in mice. The hybrid Swiss mice were used and divided into four groups: (1) the normal mice for control, male and female, each one half, (2) testectomized mice, (3) female mice with natural resistance to S_(180), (4) S_(180)-bearing mice. The tissue slices of adrenal were stained with H. E. method. The adranal cortex was subdivided into eight zones according as I. C. Jones' opinion. The area of each zone in the cortex was measured by microscope and the weight of each adrenal was obtained with the 10~(-4) scales. The results of our studies are explained as follows:1. When the body weight of the normal adult mice increased, the adrenal weight did not increase. But there was obvious difference of adrenal weights between the normal adult male and female, the former was smaller and the later was larger.2. After S_(180) was implanted into the mice, the adrenal weight rapidly and markedly increased with the growth of S_(180) (P

The present study was undertaken to identify some afferent connections of the ventral and dorsal parts of pontine tegmentum in guinea pigs by using horseradish peroxidase retrograde microelectrophoretic technique.After introducing HRP into the ventral part of pontine tegmentum, numerous labeled cells were observed in the mesencephalic central gray and related reticular formation, which is equivalent to the MSR (Mesencephalic Stepping Region) ventral to the surface of the superior colliculus. Labeled cells could also be identified at the following sites: nucleus cuneiformis ventral to the surface of inferior colliculus, nucleus tractus spinalis nervi trigemini, nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis, nucleus medialis vestibulares, nucleus lateralis vestibulares, nucleus loci coerulei and its ventral part, gray matter of the cervical enlargement of spinal cord.Following injection of HRP into the dorsal part of pontine tegmentum, substantial amount of labeled cells were observed in the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis and nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis Labeled cells gould also be identi- fied in the nucleus medialis vestibulares, nucleus lateralis vestibulares and nucleus cuneatus. Only a few HRP cells appeared around the nucleus tuber in the midbrain and no labeled cells have been seen in the nucleus loci coerulei, as well as the gray matter of cervical spinal cord.

The types of origin of the inferior phrenic artery in 220 sides of 110 cada- vers were observed and analysed. The origin of this artery shows the following 6 types: Type Ⅰ: As a branch of the coeliac artery (51.36?3.4%). Type Ⅱ: Directly from the abdominal aorta (36.36?3.2%). Type Ⅲ: From the renal artery (8.18?1.8%). Type Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ: As a branch of the left gastric, common hepatic or su- perior mesenteric artery. They comprise 4.09?1.3% of the cases. Regarding the manner of the origin of the inferior phrenic artery on the two sides, the following types are found: Type Ⅰ: Both sides arise symmetrically from the same origin (coeliac, aorta or renal artery) in 30.00?4.5%. Type Ⅱ: Both sides originate by a common stem (from coeliac or aorta) in 23.63?4.0%. Type Ⅲ: Both sides arise from different origins in 46.37?4.6%.

The pattern of branching of the celiac artery was studied in 118 cadavers and treated statistically. Seven types were observed: type Ⅰwith celiac artery divided into left gas- tric, splenic and hepatic arteries (79.66?3.7%); type Ⅱ with celiac artery divi- ded into hepatic and splenic arteries (5.08?2.0%); type Ⅴwith celiac artery divided into splenie and left gastrie arteries (4.24?1.8%); type Ⅶ with celiac artery divided into left gastric, hepatic, splenic and superior mesenteric arte- ries (8.47?2.5%). The other types (type Ⅲ into hepatic, splenic and superior mesenteric ar- teries; type Ⅳ into hepatic and left gastric arteries; type Ⅵ in which the ce- liac and superior mesenteric arteries are of common origin) constitute altogether only 2.55?1.4% of the cases.

The structure of the parotid glands of 22 animals, representing 7 mamma- lian orders, was briefly described and some histochemical characteristics of their cells were studied. The tissues were fixed in Helly's and Carnoy's fluids, em- bedded in paraffin and stained with McManus PAS method and Mucicarmine for mucous substance, methyl green-pyronin and gallocyanin for chromidial substance and toluidine blue for metachromasia. Millon's reagent was used for the identification of protein. In most of the material studied, the acinar cells with PAS positive granu- les were shown to be ?-metachromasia with toluidine blue. The staining reac- tions of these granules differed from that of typical-mucous cells in that the latter, although PAS positive, showed ?-instead of ?-metachromasia. In the acinar cells of rodents, men and mules, the chromidial substance was relatively abundant, while in carnivores and others it was negligible in amount. In still others mere traces were found. PAS positive substance was present on the surface or in the apical cytoplasm of the intercalary and salivary duct cells in many animals. It was not glycogen since it resisted diastase digestion. Its phy- siological signifieance awaits further elucidation. The intercalary duct of ham- ster contained PAS positive fine granules which could not be stained by muci- carmine and showed more intense Millon reaction than that of acinar cells. The salivary duct of moles had special epithelium which contained distinct spherical granules that stained pink with the PAS method.

The upper 8 centimeters of the great saphenous vein were studied on 102 sides (84male, 18 female) of adult Chinese cadavers. The chief results were as follows: 1. The surface projection of the sapheno-femoral junction is variable. It lies at avariable distance below the point which is situated opposite the junction of the lateraltwo thirds and medial third of the line joining the anterior superior iliac spine to thepubic tubercle. The mean value of the distance between this point and the sapheno-femoral junction is 3.84?0.07 cm (min. 2.1 cm, max. 5.5 cm). 2. Duplication of the great saphenous vein is rare. It is found on 6 sides only(5.88?2.33%) in our material. 3. There is a close relation between the terminal part of the great saphenous veinand the superficial external pudendal artery. In 65.63?4.85% of the cases, this arterypasses behind the terminal part of the vein. 4. The upper part of the great saphenous vein is joined by lateral, medial, or bothaccessory saphenous veins in 86 sides (84.31?3.60%), among which the lateral accessorysaphenous vein occurs most frequently (61.61?5.24%). 5. The junction between the deep external pudendal vein and the great saphenousvein lies within the fossa ovalies in 25 sides (24.51?4.26%). 6. The patterns of the tributaries of the great saphenous vein may be classifiedinto 4 types and 11 subtypes, according to the number of veins and the manner of theircombination. Type II_2, in which two tributaries are combined, occurs more often thanany other types (38.23?4.81%). In the point of view of practical application, the pat-terns of the tributaries may be classified into different types, according to the numberof the direct opening on the upper part of the great saphenous vein, among which the3 tributary and 4 tributary types are the highest in percentage, being 34.31?4.70% and33.33?4.67% respectively. 7. The position of the tributaries which open into the upper part of the greatsaphenous vein is variable. In the majority of sides (91.18?2.80%), the position lieswithin the uppermost 4 centimeters of the great saphenous vein (min. 0.3 cm, max.7.2 cm). The surgical significance is briefly discussed.

The types of ramification of the aortic arch in 330 Chinese adults and childrenwere studied. Twelve types were observed, among which type A was found to be the most common(83.0?2.06%), type B (9.1?1.58%) and type C (3.4?0.9%) came next in order, theremaining types constitute only 4.5?1.0%. In type A, the three great vessels whichsupply the head, neck and upper limbs arise at the upper border of the arch. In comparison with the Japanese, English and Russian data, there is no significantdifference in the incidence of type A, B and C. On the other hand, the percentage oftype A is lower, while type B and others are higher in the American than in the Chinese.There is neither age nor sexual difference in type distribution in the Chinese. The clinical significance of the cases with abnormalities in the right subclavianartery and right aortic arch accompanied by abnormal left subclavian artery was discussed.

0.02～0.3?l of 33％ HRP (Sigma Ⅵ) solution in sterile water were injected with a stereotaxic instrument into various sites of the caudate-putamen in 40 rats. The animals were perfused transaortically with 3％ paraformatdehyde and 1％ glutaradehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH7.4). Frozen sections were dried in a container with P_2O_5 for 2～4 hours and examined for fluorescence in the nucleus nigra. After which, the sections were processed for HRP reaction according to Mesulam's method. A number of cells of substantia nigra were found to show both fluorescence and HRP-positive product, thus confirming the dopaminergic nature of the nigroneostiatum projection.Furthermore, the nigroneostriatum projection was found to be topographically organized, the ventro-medial part of compact zone of the substantia nigra projecting to the dorso-medial caudate-putamen, the dorso-medial part of compact zone to the ventral caudate-putamen, the ventro-middle of compact zone to 1be dorso-lateral and central caudate-putamen, the caudo-lateral part to the central caudate-putamen, the middle part of reticular zone to the lateral and central caudate-putamen, the lateral zone of substantia nigra to the caudal caudate-putamen. Some overlap existed.Strionigral fibers were also topographically organized, which terminated predominantly about the cells of reticular zone. These may form a feedback loop concerning with the modulation of the activity of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.