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p73 activation is involved in regulation of Ara-C-induced apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma cells

Lu ZHANG ; Ning LIU ; Danyü Lü ; Wanyun MA ; Ying LI

Acta Anatomica Sinica.2011;42(1):50-53. doi:10.3969/j.issn.0529-1356.2011.01.009

Objective To study the apoptosis pathway of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 induced by 1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C) in vitro. Methods A549 cells were incubated with Ara-C for 72hours in vitro. Biological changes of apoptotic cells were studied by TUNEL staining. Morphological changes of the A549 cells treated with Ara-C were observed by transmission electron microscope. The expressions of p53 and p73 were investigated by Western blotting. Results 1.Apoptotic rates of A549 cells exposure to Ara-C studied by TUNEL staining were higher than that of the control (P＜0.01). 2.Apoptosis body was apparently observed by transmission electron microscope. 3.Endogenous p73 but not p53 was induced and activated in dose-dependent manner upon Ara-C treatment by Western blotting.Conclusion Ara-C can effectively induce apoptosis of A549 cells. DNA damage-induced apoptosis of A549 cells treated by Ara-C is independent of functional p53.Up-regulation of p73 may play an important role that enhances the sensitivity of A549 cells to Ara-C and be partly responsible for p53-independent apoptosis.

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ASSOCIATION OF α-SCA, α-SMA AND DESMIN WITH THE MYOCARDIAL MATURATION OF THE EMBRYONIC MOUSE HEART

Hairong LI ; Ya JING ; Xiuwen XU ; Tong WANG ; Yanping YANG ; Congjin QIAO

Acta Anatomica Sinica.2005;36(4):422-427.

Objective To investigate the spatiotemporal expression patterns and the relationship of α-sarcomeric actin(α-SCA) ,α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) and intermediate filament protein desmin with the maturation of the prenatal and the neonatal mouse hearts. Methods Serial sections of the embryo mouse and the neonatal mouse hearts were immunostained with antibodies against α-SCA, α-SMA and desmin. Results Ventricle and outflow tract of embryonic day(ED) 9 heart showed stronger expression of α-SCA and α-SMA, but desmin expression was lower. In the atrium, the expressions of α-SCA and α-SMA were restricted to the dorsal and ventral walls. In the sinus venosus, only a few weakly stained α-SCA positive cells were detected. No desmin expression was found in the atrium and sinus venosus. The expressions of α-SCA, α-SMA and desmin were increased to their highest level at ED 12. The higher expression of α-SCA remained to the postnatal stages. After ED 12, the expressions of α-SMA and desmin gradually decreased in different parts of the heart, but their expressions in the right ventricle persisted longer. After birth,desmin expression was mainly concentrated in the Z lines of I bands and intercalated disks. Conclusion The presence of spatiotemporal differences in the expression of α-SMA and desmin reveals regional differences in cardiomyocyte maturation in various parts of the embryonic mouse heart. The right ventricle shows a relatively slow pace of maturation. The α-SMA may contribute to a peristaltoid contraction pattern of the embryonic myocardium with a slow shortening speed, and a relatively higher level of desmin is required for the maturation of the sarcomere.

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SYNAPTOLOGICAL STUDY ON SUPERFICIAL FIBER AND GRAY STRATUM IN THE TECTUM DURING THE OPTIC REGENERATION IN ADULT ZEBRAFISH

Xiaotang JING ; Ziren WANG

Acta Anatomica Sinica.2005;36(2):117-122.

Objective To investigate the changes of neurotransmitters and the relationship between neurotransmitters and nerve regeneration during the optic regeneration in zebrafish. Methods Using the classical retinotectal regeneration model and electromicroscopy, we observed the ultrastructural changes of synapses of the superficial fiber and gray stratum(SFGS) in the tectum. Results The morphological changes of synapses can be divided into 4 stages: 1. Synaptic degeneration at the early stage after lesion. 2. Regenerating optic nerve fibers entered the SFGS laminar of the tectum, the densities of large granule vesicles (LGV) and small granule vesicles(SGV) were increased. 3. Lots of synapses were formed, the densities of small round clear vesicles (SCV) and small flat clear vesicles(FCV)were increased dramatically .4. Morphological recovery and refinement of the retinotopic innervation. Conclusion Neurotransmitters might play an important role during the regeneration of optic nerve, and they exhibited their effects in a chronological way.

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A UNIVERSAL PRIMER U2 LABELING METHOD FOR MICROARRAY ANALYSIS

Shuyan WANG ; Wenling ZHENG ; Jueyu ZHOU ; Dapeng DING ; Qiulin XU ; Haiyan ZHANG ; Yifei PENG ; Rong SHI ; Wenli MA

Acta Anatomica Sinica.2005;36(3):320-325.

Objective To report a new method of fluorescent labeling technique in microarray studies: universal primer U2 labeling( UPL). The efficiency was compared of the UPL with that of random primer, restriction display labeling method and the reverse transcription coupled random primer spiking labeling method(RT-PSL). Methods Influenza viral RNA was labeled with both UPL and the conventional random primer labeling method as well as two other more laborious labeling methods( RD-direct and RD-incorporate), and hybridized with influenza virus oligonucleotide microarrays. The signals extracted from the microarrays were analyzed using SPSS 10.0 software. Results The fluorescent intensity, signal-to-noise ration(SNR), true positive ratio(TPR) of probes and labeling reproducibility of UPL were demonstrated to be higher than those of the Random primer approaches.Conclusion These results established that UPL is a valid new labeling protocol, which may have wide applications in the research and development of the microarray technology.

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PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE DURAL VENOUS SINUS OF THE CHINESE

Iwei CHEN ; Hongyi LIN

Acta Anatomica Sinica.1953;0(01):-.

Fifty systems of dural venous sinuses of the Chinese people were investigated with the purpose to clarify their anatomical patterns of confluence. Four types of patterns were classified.In the first type,“simple confluence” (22%),the superior longitudinal and rectal sinuses met in the mid-line to form a typical sinus confluence,from which the two transverse sinuses arose.In the second type,“double bifurcation”(26%),both the superior longitudinal and rectal sinuses bifurcated with the union of the right and left branches to form the corres- ponding transverse sinuses.In the third type,“rectal sinus deviation”(20%), the rectal sinus deviated to one side of the transverse sinus,while the superior longitudinal sinus bifurcated.In the fourth type,“superior longitudinal sinus deviation”(32%),the superior longitudinal sinus turned to one side of the trans- verse sinus,while the rectal sinus bifurcated or opened in one side of the trans- verse sinus. The third and fourth types were subdivided into 2 subtypes respectively,i.e., the rectal sinus turned to left(18%)and the rectal turned to right(2%)for the third;the superior longitudinal sinus turned to right(30%)and the superior longitudinal sinus turned to left(2%)transverse sinus for the fourth. The cross-sectional areas of superior longitudinal,rectal,right and left trans- verse sinuses were measured in 50 systems in order to find out the capacity of these sinuses.The capacities of both transverse sinuses of each system were com- pared.In 22%,the size of the right transverse sinuses was larger than that of the left one,while in 14%,the reverse obtained.Twenty per cent showed that the size of the right transverse sinuses,was three times larger than that of the left one,while 20% showed the contrary pattern only. The occipital sinus was studied in 44 specimens.It was noted that the occi- pital sinus was present as a single vessel or in the form of 2-4 branches.In 21 specimens occipital sinuses were measured more than 1mm,of these,3 sinus were 4-6mm in cross-section.The latter might play the role of collateral branches of the transverse sinus.

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STUDIES ON THE SURFACE PROJECTIONS OFTHE FRONTAL SINUSES

Chiakuei MU ; Weichang CHENG

Acta Anatomica Sinica.1954;0(02):-.

By using intracranial illumination, the surface outlines of the frontal sinuses of 65male Chinese skulls (85 cases) were studied. The frontal sinuses were grouped into 5types according to the relationship of the sinus with the orbit. Three types were visibleon the surface of the squamous portion of the frontal bones (76.5%), whereas the other2 types were only visible intraorbitally (23.5%). Of the 5 types, 4 types of sinuseswere intimately related with the orbit (84.7%). The clinical significance of the above mentioned facts was discussed.

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HISTOLCXIICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE PARAFASICULAR NUCLEUS OF THE RABBIT

Gongmei XU ; Weichang CHEN

Acta Anatomica Sinica.1953;0(01):-.

It was widely received that the parafasicular nucleus (Pf) and the central lateral nucleus of the thalamus played an important role in the mechanism of the acupuncture analglsia. Consequently, it was necessary to make a careful histological observation on pf in order to provide some data for the investigation of the acupuncture anesthesia mechanism. Five adult rabbits, each weighing about 2 kg, were selected for this experiment. The animals were infused with 10% formalin, their skulls were mounted on the stereotaxic apparatus according to the Sawyer's atlas. Brains were removed and made serial sections which were stained alternately with Nissl's method and the silver impregnation method of Glees. The form and size of the Pf was studied with a microprojector, while the diameters of the Pf neurones were measured by a micrometer under immersion microscope. Results were as follows. The diameters of the whole Pf: from dorsal to ventral, were about 1.6～2.2 mm, from anterior to posterior, were 0.9～1.5 mm, the transverse diameters of Pf were about 0.8～1.1 mm. The volume of Pf was about 0.68～1.26 cubic mm. The total number of the neurones in Pf was about 21,000～39,000 unilaterally. The long diameter of the cell soma in Pf was 21.06?6.22?, the short diameter of the cell soma was 11.20?3.28?. The ratio of the long diameter to the short diameter of the cell soma was 1.91?0.84. The area of the cell soma was about 143.28?58.92?~2. The long diameter of the cell nucleus of Pf was 11.74?1.5?, the short diameter of the cell nucleus was 8.02?2.01?. The ratio of the long to short diameter of the cell nucleus was 1.44?0.32. The Pf of the rabbit exhibited primary differenciation. The neurones of Pf could be subdivided into three groups: (1) The first group was formed by large and deeply stained cells which were triangular or pyramidal in shape, and distributed mainly in the lateral inferior portion of the Pf. (2) The neurones of the second group were fusiform in shape, concentrated mainly in the medial portion of the Pf. (3) The neurones of the third group were smaller than those of the first group and stained more lightly, they were shortly ellipsoidal in shape and distributd chiefly in the lateral superior portion of the Pf. Statistical analysis showed that there were some differences among the cells in different portions of the Pf. The authors suggested that the large and deeply stained neurones in Pf were quite similar to those of the central lateral nucleus and might belong to pain sensitive neurones.

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THE PRIMARY MYOCARDIAL TISSUE CULTURE OF HUMAN FETUS: SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS ON DEVELOPMENT AND FORMATION OF INTERCALATED DISC IN CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLS

Peisun YANG

Acta Anatomica Sinica.1953;0(01):-.

Morphological features of the developing human fetal cardiac muscle cells in culture was observed with scanning electron microscope. Myocardial tissue masses were isolated from three human fetus of 10, 13 and 16 week's gestation. They were cultured in vitro. New cardiac muscle cells grew and detached from the tissue masses. In the early stage (about one week) the cardiac muscle cells which detached from the tissue masses and grew on the glass slide were spherical or short spindle in shape. There were various processes on the surface of the cells. In the middle stage (about two to four weeks) the cells became irregular in shape. The processes extended from the surface of the cells and formed the intercellular connection. In the later stage (more than one month) part of the cells in culture developed and appeared rod shape. The intercellular connection was composed of the intercalated disc-like structure, the rod-shaped cells joined together and formed branched structures. In the development of human fetus in culture a continuous process of the formation of the intercalated disc-like structure was observed. It was found that the developed cells were gradually arranged in bundles running parallel to their long axis. This kind of structure looked like normal mature morphological feature of cardiac muscle cells. It is therefore considered that the cardiac muscle cells in culture may have possibility to differentiate into mature cardiac muscle.

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OBSERVATIONS ON THE MUSCULUS STERNALIS IN CHINESE

Shoumin YU

Acta Anatomica Sinica.1954;0(02):-.

Among 200 cadavers (82 adults, 55 children and 63 newborn) 26 cases of the musculus sternalis (8 adults, 6 children and 12 newborn) were noted, of which 13 appeared on one side (4 left, 9 right) and the rest on both sides of the sternum. The percentage was higher in children (10.9%) as com- pared with adult (9.7%) and still higher in the newborn (19%). The aver- age finding was 13%, which was higher than that in Europeans and about the sams as found in Japanese. The nerve supply to this muscle was from the anterior thoracic in 13 cases and from the intercostal in two. This tallied with the findings of the other authors. In the majority of cases this muscle ran parallel to the sternum with the exception of two which crossed the sternum. The ratio between the size of the muscle and that of the chest was found greater in the newborn than either in adults or in children. Besides, from 5 anencephalic foetus 3 cases of the musculus sternalis were found, an incidence of 60%. The muscle found in these cases was in- nervated largely by the anterior thoracic nerve, except the left side of one case in which the nerve supply could not be traced. It appeared that the musculus sternalis occasionally found in man was probably the remnant of the panniculus carnosus.

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THE PROJECTION FROM THE VESTIBULAR NUCLEI TO THE DORSAL HORN OF THE SPINAL CORD IN THE CAT

Siyun SHU ; Gong JU

Acta Anatomica Sinica.1953;0(01):-.

The projection from the vestibular nuclei to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in the cat was studied with the horseradish peroxidase method. It has been discovered that the vestibulospinal tracts originate not only from the lateral, medial, and spinal vestibular nuclei but also from the superior vestibular nucleus. The site of termination of the vestibulospinal tracts is in the lateral region of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord as well as in the laminae Ⅶ and Ⅷ of Rexed.

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