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CHINESE RURAL PEOPLE'S PERCEPTIONS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AND OTHER DISEASES

Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control.2003;15(2):108-115.

Objective To describe rural people's perceptions of schistosomiasis and other dis eases, and to explore the relevance of these perceptions to disease control programs in rural areas of China. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in Yingjiang Village, Anhui Province,China. Anthropological and epidemiological re search methods, including focus group discussions,in depth interviews, questionnaires and stool tests, were used. Results People identified various infectious diseases, such as schistosomiasis, hepatitis, hemorrhage fever, hookworm diseases, as cariasis and infection skin diseases. The knowledge of villagers regarding schistosomiasis and other diseases was not inconsiderable but not entirely accurate. Local illness taxonomy usually resulted from the concepts as to the causation of diseases. Local people thought there were about eight categories of factors that might cause diseases. These categories were worms, the unbalance of hot cold faetors, over work and starvation, "hot poison", dirty water and food, psychological factors, supernatural factors and pesticides. Conclusion Health education, improving sanitation and safe water supply may play much important roles in improving health of rural people.

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A FIELD APPLICATION OF IMMUNO-BLOT IN DIAGNOSIS OF SGHISTOSOMIASIS JAPONICAM

Youen SHI ; Jiajung HAN ; Ming GNI ; Weiwen DENG

Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control.1989;0(01):-.

Immuno-blot was used in diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica using diagnostic 31/32 KD proteins in S.japonicum Among 52 confirmed schistosemiasis cases 100% showed positive reaction while none of the sera of 20 normal control reacted. No cross reactions occured with sera from 36 paragonimiasis; 26 cysticercosis and 50 trichinelliasis cases. However, 11.5-58.3%cross reactions were found with above sera in IHA and ELISA. The diagnostic value of immuno-blot and 31/32 kD schistosome proteins were confirmed.A field application of immuno-blot in diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica was performed. The positive rates in immuno-blot and IHA were 58.1% and 54.4% respectively in 136 cohorts with and without past history of schistosomiasis in the endemic area. It was found that immuno-blot was highly sensitive, specific and reproducible.It was easy to perform and suitable for field use.

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INVESTIGATION OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND LIVER PATHOLOGY OF PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED SCHISTOSO-MIASIS COMPLICATED WITH HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION

Zujin LI ; Jizhen GU ; Shaochun LIU

Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control.1989;0(03):-.

88 patients with advanced schistosomiasis japonica complicated with hepatitis B, which was confirmed by positive HBsAg and/or HBcAg in liver with double perioxidase-anti-perioxidase (PAP) method, were analyzed clinically and pathologically. It was found that there were four pathological types in the livers of these patientss simple schistosomial liver fibrosis (SSLF, 16.3%), SSLF complicated with chronic hepatitis (18.2%), SSLF complicated with inactive cirrhosis (29.6%) and SSLF complicated with active cirrhosis(38.6%). Among the 88 patients, 43(48.9%) cases had no clinical manifestation associated with the damage of liver function and only 23(26.1%) cases had the history of acute hepatitis. The relationship between clinical manifestations and liver pathological changes was also discussed.

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EFFECT OF LOWER DOSE PRAZIQUANTEL ON GLYCOGEN, AKP AND ACP IN SCHISTOSOMA 7APONICUM

Weineng LIAN ; Meiyu HUANG

Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control.1989;0(03):-.

Schistosoma japonicum were obtained from infected rabbits 24 hours after treatment with praziquantel at a single dose of 30,35,40 mg/kg. The drug-induced alterations of histochemistry of the worms have been studied.The results indicated that the glycogen content and AKP (alkaline phosphatase) activities of the worms decreased markedly or disappeared as compared with those of untreated worms; however, the activities of ACP (acid phosphatase) in both treated and untreated worms revealed no apparent change.

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FURTHER STUDIES ON THE DIAGNOSIS OF SCHISTOSOMJASIS JAPONICA BY INDIRECT FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TEST AND IMMUNOENZYMATIC STAINING TECHNIQUE

Yunhe LI ; Yonde HU ; Wenmei XU

Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control.1989;0(04):-.

Both indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and immunoenzymatic staining technique(IEST) were used as methods for the comparable detections of 200 cases of patients with schistosomiasis japonica and 100 healthy individuals. The average positive rate in schistosomiasis cases is 99% with both tests, while the false positive rate in healthy individuals is 5% with the former and 3% with the latter. When 322 cases of other parasitic infections and patients with medical diseases were tested by IFAT and IEST, cross-reaction was observed only in clon-orchiasis, fasciolopsiasis and paragonimiasis, 4-6% with IFAT and 0-4% with IEST respectively. 87.6-93.7% showed negative reaction to both tests in schistosomiasis patients during different stages after treatment. It is considered that IFAT and IEST are effective means of serological diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica, while IEST can be applied suitably in tbe fields for practical purposes.

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A QUANTITATIVE LABORATORY STUDY ON THE EMERGENCE OF CERCARIAE FROM ONCOMELANIA SNAILS INFECTED WITH DIFFERENT NUMBERS OF SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM MIRACIDIA

Zhengyuan XU ; Huisheng LIU ; Shangying HE

Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control.1989;0(04):-.

The infection rate of Oncomelania snails, emergence rate of Schistosoma japa-nicum cercariae, number of emerged cercariae and survival time of infected snails were observed experimentally by exposing single snails to different number of miracidia (i.e. 1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 respectively). The infection rate of snails was shown to be increased with the increasing number of miracidia. The frequency of cercaria emergence of infected snails varied significantly in different seasons and the highest was in spring and summer. No cercaria emergence was observed in winter. The average number of cercariae emerged from a single infected snail in each observation was 70.67, and through the whole lifetime in this experiment, 1,148.85?96.29. There was no significant difference in average number of emerged cercariae among the 5 groups of infected snails. The maximum number of cercariae emerged from one infected snail was 8,079. Calculated from the begining of cercaria emergence, the survival time of infected snails was in average 118.28?9.94 days, and the longest being 839 days. There was no significant difference in survival time among the 5 groups, and 94.8% infected snails died within one year.

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STUDIES ON THE DETECTION OF CIRCULATING ANTIGENS IN THE EARLY STAGE OR THE NONPULMONARY TYPE OF PARAGONIMASIS WESTERMANI BY USING MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AGAINST PwMJ-SAg

Zuojun JIANG ; Yiping SHAN ; Weixian ZHAO

Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control.1989;0(02):-.

The result regarding the application of McAbs against PwMJ-SAg in the detection of the circulating antigens(CAg) in sera from the patients (early stage and nonpulmonary type) with paragonimiasis westermani was reported in this paper. CAg in the sera from 35 patients in the early stage and 15 nonpulmonary type of patients was 100% positive by using McAb IB1 and JB4 out of 8 McAbs against PwMJ-SAg. Furthermore, these two McAbs didnot react crossly with the sera from 25 normal subjects, 15 patients with clonorchiasis, 15 patients with fasciolopsiasis, 15 patients with schistosomiasis japonica, 16 patients with Brugian filariasis or 10 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. However, they crossly reacted with 8 samples of sera from 15 patients (53.3%) with pagumogonimiasis skrjabini. The McAb IB1 and IB4, threfore, are appropriate as the reagents to diagnose paragonimiasis westermani (early stage or nonpulmonary type). Moreover, they are also valuable, to a certain degree, to diagnose pagumogonimiasis skrjabini.The projet was supported by NNSFC Department of parasitology .Anhni Medical University, Hefei

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STUDY ON DETECTING BLOOD STAGE P.FALCIPARUM ANTIGEN BY USING SANDWICHED MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY-ELISA TEST

Qi GAO ; Zhongyan YANG ; Weiqi ZHANG

Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control.1989;0(02):-.

0.05) The sensitvity is over 5 parasites/108 RBC. However, it is not satisfactory by using this method to detect P.vivax antigen.

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STUDIES ON THE APPLICATION OF COPT AS A SERO-SURVEILLANCE METHOD IN BASICALLY CONTROLLED AND CONTROLLED AREAS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS JAPONICA

Yinchang ZHU ; Xi WANG ; Yiqin LU

Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control.1989;0(02):-.

In order to explore the available sero-diagnotic method for surveillance in basically controlled and controlled areas of schistosomiasis japonica, a 3 years longitudinal investigation of children 6~14 years old with COPT in 5 endemic areas was carried out after being basically controlled for 8~16 years. The results showed that the examination of children with COPT is one of the available serodiagnostic methods of schistosomiasis for surveillance. In all five areas the positive rate of children in this age group was less than 3%, and the circumoval precipitin rate among the positive cases was less than 5%. Therefore, it is indicated that the above mentioned two indexes can be used for sero-surveillance of schistosomiasis japonica.

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STUDY ON THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE PREVALENCE AND EPIDEMIOLOGIEAL PTTERN CF SCHISTOSOMIASIS JAPONICA IN THE MARSHLAND AND LAKE REGIONS

Hongchang YUAN

Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control.1989;0(02):-.

A 4-year study on the factors affecting the prevalenee and epidemiological pattern of schistosomiasis japonica around Dongtin and Boyang lakes was reported. A proposal was made on the division of the endemic areas of the lake and marshland regions into different types,a definition about the high-risk places and the principles of their classification.This study also elucidated the main reservoirs of different types of endemic areas and the relationship between human exposure and infection. On the basis of the effects of prevention and treatment and cost-effect analysis in the 8 field study units, the goal for the control of schistosomiasis in the lake region for the next 3~5 years has been devised.A preliminary mathematical model of human and domestic animals as the main reservoirs of infection has been set up.

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