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Research progress of molecular genetic analysis in Schistosoma variation

Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control.2014;(1):90-91,105.

The development of molecular biology techniques makes important contributions to the researches of heritable varia-tion of Schistosoma. In recent years,the molecular genetic analysis in the Schistosoma variation researches mainly includes the re-striction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP),random amplified polymorphism technology(RAPD),microsatellite anchored PCR(SSR-PCR),and polymerase reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism(PCR-SSCP). This article reviews the re-search progress of molecular genetic analysis in Schistosoma variation in recent years.

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Application of geographic information systems in analysis of endemic situation of schistosomiasis

Zhaohui LI ; Yi DONG ; Xingqi DONG

Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control.2009;21(6):535-537,插1.

Geographic information system (CIS) was applied to analyse the endemic situation of schistosomiasis and the distribution of snails in Dali City. Hie data of endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Dali City from 2002 to 2008 were collected and a CIS database was set up. The endemic situation and the distribution of snails and acute schistosomiasis cases were analyzed by ArcGIS 9. 2 software. The results showed that the schistosomiasis transmission areas included 11 towns, 91 villages, and 401 nature villages. The trend surface analysis suggested that snail distribution in 2008 had a trend to accumulate in the northwest, while the population infection had a trend of gathering to the southeast. All acute schistosomiasis cases distributed in 6 towns, 23 villages, which showed significant aggregation by space-time clustering analysis, and three endemic villages in Xizhou Town in 2002 were identified as the first stratum endemic areas. It is concluded that CIS as database and graphics management tools can describe the epidemic situation intuitively, imaginably and macrosopically.

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Influence of spleen preservation on hepatic fibrosis and relevant cytokine in rabbits with advanced schistosomiasis

Guisheng SHEN ; Jiasheng ZHU ; Guomin ZHU ; Youlong SHI ; Tianping WANG

Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control.2009;21(6):491-495,插1.

Objective To investigate the effects of spleen preservation on hepatic fibrosis and relevant cytokine in rabbits with advanced schistosomiasis. Methods After hepatic cirrhosis was induced by infecting Schistosoma japonicum cercariae in rabbits, total splenectomy (TSG), subtotal splenectomy (SSG) or sham operation (model control group, MCG) were performed respectively on these rabbits. Meanwhile,a normal control group (NCG) was established. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) , interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-lβ) were detected respectively by radioimmunoassay(RIA) at the 8th, 15th and 21st week post-infection. The expressions of transforming growth factor betal (TGF-β1), type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen in liver tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry before and after the operations. Results Compared with NCG, the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β of MCG rabbits increased significantly at the 8th week post-infection (P <0.01). However, the levels of them decreased to a lower level at the 15th week. At the 6th week after operation,no significant difference was found among the three model groups ( MCG, TSG, SSG) (P > 0.05). The expressions of TGF-β1, type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen in liver tissue of MCG rabbits were significantly higher than those of NCG rabbits before the operation (P < 0. 01). No significant difference was found among the three model groups at the 6th week after the operation ( P > 0.05). Conclusion The residual splenic tissue after subtotal splenectomy does not aggravate the hepatic fibrosis at advanced schistosomiasis. The mechanism may be that the relevant cytokines of hepatic fibrosis (TGF-β1, TNF-a, IL-6, IL-1β) decreased to a lower level at this time,and splenectomy does not influence the levels of them.

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Preliminary study on spatial distribution and genetic variation database of Oncomelania hupensis in mainland China

Shizhu LI ; Lin MA ; Yixiu WANG ; Qiang WANG ; Ying HU ; Yi ZHANG ; Xiaonong ZHOU

Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control.2009;21(6):473-476,封3.

Objective To construct a spatial genetic database of Oncomelania hupensis and a managing system for spatial distribution and population studies based on landscape genetics theory. Methods The uninfected Oncomelania snails were collected from the field. Collected sites database, specimen database and genetic information database were set up by using Microsoft SQL 2000, and the managing system was set up by using Visual Basic 6.0. Results The Oncomelania snails were collected from the field. The database were consummated with 676 specimens, 73 collected sites from 10 provinces, and the database could be used as a series of celerity tools with appending, querying, deleting, statistics and export functions. Conclusion The spatial genetic database and managing system of Oncomelania hupensis can be used to manage snail specimens for different studies with a clear interface and simple operation. It is worthy to renew the database for further spatial genetic studies.

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Schistosomiasis status in People's Republic of China in 2008

Yang HAO ; Hao ZHENG ; Rang ZHU ; Jiagang GUO ; Xiaohua WU ; Liying WANG ; Zhao CHEN ; Xiaonong ZHOU

Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control.2009;21(6):451-456,封3.

This report overviewed the national endemic status of schistosomiasis in China in 2008. During the whole year of 2008, a total of 412 927 cases of schistosomiasis were estimated and 57 acute cases were reported, among which one acute case infected with Schistosoma mansoni was imported from overseas. The reduction rates of total cases and acute cases were 19.97% and 32.53% when comparing to those in 2007, respectively. A total of 21 222 advanced cases were treated in 2008 with an increase rate of 15.04% comparing with that in 2007. About 372 263. 11 hm~2 of areas infested with Oncomelania snails were found in 2008, and about 1 197. 89 hm~2 newly detected areas were found in non-infested areas with Oncomelania snails, in historical records. There were 1 468 669 head of the cattle with its infection rate of 1.34% in schistosomiasis transmission regions, with reduction rates of 1. 86% and 36.79% , respectively, comparing to those in 2007. However, cattle were still remaining as the main infectious source for the transmission of schistosomiasis. Six provinces including Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, and Yunnan reached the national criteria of infection control. Sichuan Province reached the national criteria of transmission control. The country achieved the mid-term goal of schistosomiasis control written in the document ofOutline of mid- and long-term national programme on control and prevention of schistosomiasis (2004 -2015).

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Digest from Medline: Chinese schistosomiasis control and research(Ⅰ)

Wei WANG ; Yousheng LIANG

Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control.2010;22(1):Ⅲ-Ⅴ.

This paper digested some papers that were published from January to October,2009,and concerning about Chinese schistosomiasis control and research of schistosome,covering schistosomiasis control strategy,schistosome genomies and proteomics,immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis,molecular biology and immunology,etc.

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Optimization of fermentation conditions of molluscicidal endophyte LL3026 from Buddleia lindleyana

Bangxing HAN ; Jun CHEN

Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control.2014;(3):352-354.

Objective To optimize the fermentation conditions of molluscicidal endophyte LL3026 from Buddleia lindleyana. Method The medium composition and cultivation conditions were optimized by orthogonal and single factor experiments. Re-sults The experiments showed that the conditions of initial pH 3,fermentation temperature 30℃,volume of liquid 100 ml(250 ml Erlenmeyer flask),and 3D-xylitol 0.5 g/L were optimum,and the molluscicidal activity of the fermentation filtrate reached 95%. After three hatches of cultivation,the predicted values were verified by validation experiments. Conclusion Endophyte LL3026 from Buddleia lindleyana has a good molluscicidal activity after the optimization.

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Molluscicidal effect of simple black film mulching in mountainous areas of Yunnan Province

Mengxian YANG ; Jimao ZUO ; Jiaxin ZUO ; Wenying YUAN ; Nengjun WANG ; Jianfen LI

Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control.2014;(3):346-348.

Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of black plastic mulching in mountainous areas of Yunnan Prov-ince. Methods In Leqiu Village,Nanjian County,Yunnan Province,the terraced fields with Oncomelania hupensis snails were divided into A,B,C,D,E groups,and of which,A,B,C,D groups,as the experimental groups,were administered with sim-ple black plastic mulching for 30 days,60 days,90 days and 120 days respectively;Group E,as the control group,was adminis-tered with 50%niclosamide ethanolamine salt wettable powder spraying. Results In Group C and D(simple black film mulching for 90 days and 120 days),no snails were found after the administration,the average density of living snails decreased by 100%, and the cost of one year was similar to that of the control group. Conclusion The molluscicidal effect of black plastic mulching is good in mountainous areas.

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Cost-effectiveness analysis of mechanical and manual soil-buried methods for Oncomelania hupensis control

Nengming JIANG ; Xiaodong YE ; Lilan HUANG ; Songbo WANG ; Shougui ZHENG

Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control.2014;(3):343-344.

Objective To explore a high molluscicidal efficient method in special Oncomelania hupensis snail environments. Methods In 2005 and 2006,in large special environments(rubble creek beaches and seepage barren hills with snails),the me-chanical soil-buried method(excavator digging to bury deep snails)and manual soil-buried method were used respectively,and the results were compared for the cost-effectiveness. Results With the mechanical soil-buried method in 2006,the investment was 0.78 yuan/m2,and the compression rate of snail areas was 100%;with the manual soil-buried method in 2005,the investment was 1.34 yuan/m2,and the compression rate of snail areas was 20.26%. The former was much better than the latter. Conclusion In the large special environments with snails,the mechanical soil-buried method is superior to manual soil-buried method.

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Treatment of acute gastric mucosal lesion after pericardial devascularization of advanced schistosomiasis:a report of 15 cases

Shaolong ZHENG ; Chunmei XU ; Xiulang XIAO

Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control.2014;(3):337-338.

Objective To discuss the therapy for acute gastric mucosal lesion(AGML)after pericardial devascularization of advanced schistosomiasis. Methods Fifteen advanced schistosomiasis patients with AGML after pericardial devascularization re-ceived supporting therapy,reducing stomach acid and protecting gastric mucosa therapy,reducing gastric blood flow therapy,en-doscopic spraying topical hemostatic agents or electric coagulation therapy,etc. Results After pericardial devascularization of ad-vanced schistosomiasis,15 patients occurred AGML,and among which,10 cases occurred from 8 to 14 days,and the shortest pe-riod was 5 days and the longest was 23 days. Among the 15 patients,13 patients were cured(86.7%),and 2 died. Conclusion The comprehensive therapy including supporting therapy,reducing gastric acid and protecting gastric mucosa,and endoscopic he-mostasis is effective in the treatment of AGML.

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