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Pay more attention to the selection of proper surgical timing and method for oculoplasty in the pediatric

Ophthalmology in China.2006;0(06):-.

The pediatric population with the orbital and eyeball malformations has been an important part in ophthalmic plastic surgery.The pediatric is with great difference from adult in physiology and anatomy.Besides,visual function,orbit and face during childhood are still under development.The orbital deformityes during the childhood,especially for some congenital abnormalities,are always associated with or a cause of visual disfunction.And the congenital or acquired anophthalmia or microphthalm may lead to the retardation of orbital growth and overall of the face afterwards,so it is not only a simple cosmetic surgery for the oculoplastic surgery in the pediatric population,but also the reconstruction of function.Thus we should pay special attention for the oculoplastic surgery to the effect of development of visual function and orbit in the pediatric.Accordingly,it is crucial to select a proper surgical timing and method for ophthalmic plastic surgery in the pediatric.

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Challenge and strategy for prevention of myopia in China

Liang XU ; Lijuan LIU

Ophthalmology in China.2006;0(06):-.

The current prevalence of myopia has been as high as 27.65%～53.80%among adolescents in Chinese schools.The major reasons are too much near-work activity and lack of outdoor activity for a long time.In order to reduce the prevalence of myopia in Chinese adolescents,we suggest that Chinese students should have 3.5 hours outdoor activity everyday,including 30 minutes travel between home and school,1 hour outdoor activity between classes,1 hour outdoor sport class at school,and 1 hour outdoor activity after school.

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Progress in drug therapy for retinoblastoma

Han YUE ; Jiang QIAN

Ophthalmology in China.2006;0(06):-.

Retinoblastoma is the most common intraoeular malignant tumor in children.In its treatment,drug therapy is one of the most effective and irreplaceable methods.To reduce the toxicity of drugs,enhance the therapeutic effect and lessen drug resistance, some new drug deliver systems and new medicines for retinoblastoma are coming into being.Ophthalmic arterial infusion,fibrin sealant and iontophoresis are newly-found drug deliver systems.And the latest drugs under research include nutlins,phenoxazine derivative Phx-1,combretastatin A4 phosphate,2-deoxy-d-glucose and histone deacetylase inhibitors,etc.The following text is focused on the two aspects of the drug therapy for retinoblastoma.

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The clinical observation of topical olopatadine hydrochloride and FK506 for severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis in children

Puning ZHAO ; Zhicong WANG ; Lin LIN ; Chengtian YE

Ophthalmology in China.2006;0(06):-.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of eye drops of 0.1%olopatadine hydrochloride(patanol) and 0.05%FKS06 (tacrolimus) for treating severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis in children.Design Prospective case siries.Participants 62 cases(104 eyes) of severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis aged 3-14 years old.Methods We observed the symptoms and signs of severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis before and after the treatment of 0.1%olopatadine hydrochloride and 0.05%FKS06.We examined regularly the blood,liver and kidney functions for all patients during treatment.Main Outcome Measures Symptoms and signs.Results Following by 3- 34months,all patients were much better in different degree at 1 week than that before.The papillae were decreased and almost disappeared gradually at 1 month.The corneal lesions were cured rapidly in less than 2 weeks.2 cases(3.2%) complained a little disconfort just at the beginning.38 cases(61.3%) recurred from 2 weeks to 8 months after stopping the eye drops,and were controlled rapidly after reusing the eye drops.The blood routine and the biochemical functions of all patients were normal during treatment.Conclusions 0.1% olopatadine hydrochloride and 0.05%FKS06 have remarkable effects for alleviating symptoms and signs of severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis. The patients are comfortable and content with the treatment,and side effects are very few.

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The effect of cyclopentolate cycloplegic on the refraction measurement in adult guinea pigs

Jibo ZHOU ; Xianqun FAN

Ophthalmology in China.2006;0(06):-.

Objective To investigate the effect of cyclopentolate cycloplegic on the refraction measurement in adult guinea pigs. Design Experimental study.Participants 24 eyes of 12(10 weeks) adult guinea pigs.Methods 12 animals were randomly examined thrice by streak retinoscopy pre and post mydriasis.1%cyclopentolate hydrochloride was topically administrated to the eye every five minutes for three times.Main Outcome Measures The eye refraction of guinea pigs included the scope,cylinder and the equivalent power.Results The average refraction of guinea pigs in pre-mydriasis and post-mydriasis were 1.92?0.79 D and 2.08?0.79 D respectively. The average refraction that included the scope,cylinder and the equivalent power all showed no significant difference between pre and post mydriasis.The effect of mydriasis and measure time points on the refraction that included the scope,cylinder and the equivalent scope showed no significant difference either.Conclusions The effect of 1%cyclopentolate cycloplegic on adult guinea pigs in refraction is limited.The refraction of adult guinea pig can be measured naturally without cyclopentolate cycloplegic administrated.

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Visual functional development in blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthusinversus syndrome(BPES)and multistage correction

Shuang LI ; Dongmei LI ; Likun AI ; Tao CHEN ; Ying ZHAO

Ophthalmology in China.2006;0(06):-.

Objective To study the development of visual function in blepharophimosis-ptosis-epianthusinversm syndrome(BPES) and evaluate the clinical effect of Multistage Correction.Design Retrospective case series.Participants 51 cases of BEPS in Beijing Tongren Hospital from June 2005 to May 2009.Methods Refraction and general ophthalmology were performed for each patient. Family history was inquired and corrected surgery were performed for every one.Main Outcome Measures Refraction,the length, width of palpebral fissure,and inner canthal distance were measured both preoperatively and postoperatively.Results 13 of the 51 cases had family history,27 cases had amblyopia and 12 cases had refractive error.4 cases combined with strabismus.Conclusions The risk of refractive error and amblyopia in patients with BPES is much higher than that of normal population,so careful regular visual follow -up and early surgery are necessary.BPES patients tend to have much more chance to get amblyopia,which will impact on the development of visual function,therefore surgery correction at early age is highly suggested.

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Study on the toxicity and transfection efficiency of PEI/MYOC gene complexes in vivo

Yantao WEI ; Yehong ZHUO ; Jian GE

Ophthalmology in China.2006;0(06):-.

Objective To investigate the toxicity and transfection efficiency of PEI-mediated plasmid DNA encoding myocilin (MYOC) gene transfected into trabecular meshwork.Design Experimental study.Participants SD rats.Methods PEI and plasmid encoding MYOC gene complex was prepared and 20?l PEI/DNA complex was directly injected into anterior chamber of SD rat by microinjection. The eyes were extracted at day 1,3,7,and 14 after injection for the structure analysis of trabecular meshwork by HE staining and transmission electron microscope.Expression of the transferred myocilin gene was monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Main Outcome Measures HE staining,immunohistochemistry and electron microscope.Results No significant toxicity or inflammation was detected under the HE staining and electron microscope.PEI/DNA complex were seen in cytoplasm of trabecular meshwork cells. The fluorescence intensity of myocilin expression in the trabecular meshwork cells was increasing with time and peaked on clays 3 and declined afterward.Conclusion Plasmid DNA mediated by PEI could be efficiently transfected into trabecular meshwork cells by directly injecting into anterior chamber without any toxicity.

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Analysis of the reasons for the vision disturbance according or not according with refractive medium opacity

Fengj ZHANG

Ophthalmology in China.2006;0(06):-.

This article expounds the reasons of disturbing vision according with the damage severity from ocular surface to intraocular tissues,in the mean time,it clarifies the reasons of disturbing vision not according with the refractive medium opacity,which intend to be ignored and misdiagnosed in clinic.The mononism is emphasized to be used for doctors to analyze,diagnose and treat the diseases properly at the early stage abided by medical evidences,in order to improve the level of diagnosis and therapy and serve the patients better.

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Treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction

Xianqun FAN ; Caiwen XIAO

Ophthalmology in China.2006;0(06):-.

Dacryocystorhinostomy(DCR) has been regarded as the gold standard for the treatment of nasal lacrimal duct obstruction for over a hundred years.Currently,the treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction has grown along with the advances in endoscopic techniques developing and in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of lacrimal drainage.Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy,endolacrimal laser and intubation,lacrimal endoscopic recanalization and lacrimal bypass surgery have been employed to substitute for external DCR as treatment for nasolaerimal duct obstruction.The endoscope,laser and minimally invasive techniques provide higher successful rates with minimal wounds,lower rates of both recurrence and complications and allow quicker recovery after surgery.

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Thoughts on the clinical management of retinoblastoma

Jiang QIAN

Ophthalmology in China.2006;0(06):-.

Customized management based on chemotherapy initiated a new era in the treatment of retinoblastoma(RB).Many domestic ophthalmic centers are making beneficial attempts in this domain.However,the understanding of the trend needs to be improved throughout the country.In this article,a brief comment in five aspects is done in order to break the obsolete opinion and generalize the international classification of RB;correct some misunderstandings;promote an awareness campaign for early diagnosis;enhance the multi-center cooperation to improve the quality of clinical studies and start clinical and experimental research on RB.

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