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Probe into innovation and development of pattern of quality control and evaluation for Chinese medicine.

Xiao-He XIAO ; Cheng JIN ; Zhong-Zhen ZHAO ; Pei-Gen XIAO ; Yong-Yan WANG

China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica.2007;32(14):1377-1381.

To set up a new pattern of quality control and evaluation for Chinese medicine. By investigating the limitation of quality control pattern for Chinese medicine, the differences and similarities in the chemical substantial style as well as quality control patterns among Chinese medicine, chemical synthetic drugs and Biologicals, combining with the author's experience on the research of geo-authentic medicinal material and theory of Chinese medicinal nature, a new pattern of quality control for Chinese medicine has been explored and designed. A more rational pattern of quality control for Chinese medicine should be referred to Biologicals instead of chemical synthetic drugs, there are more similarity in chemical substantial style and quality control pattern for Chinese medicine between Chinese medicine and Biologicals than that between Chinese medicine and chemical synthetic drugs. Based on geo-authentic medicinal material and bioassay or biopotency detection, a new pattern of quality control for Chinese medicine could be built and applied.
Biological Assay ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Energy Transfer ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

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Protective effect of tenuigenin on cytotoxicity of primary cultures of cortical neurons induced by amyloid beta-protein 1-40 (Abeta(1-40)).

Qin CHEN ; Lei-ke LI

China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica.2007;32(13):1336-1339.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of tenuigenin (TEN) on aggregated amyloid beta-protein 1-40 (Abeta(1-40)-induced cytotoxicity of primary cultural cortical neurons in vitro.

METHODIn order to establish neurotoxic model, the primary cultural rat cortical neurons were treated with 25 micromol x L(-1) aggregated Abeta(1-40), which were divided into a model group and 3 different dose groups of TEN (50, 100, 200 micromol x L(-1), respectively), and a normal control group with no treatment of Abeta(1-40) was set up. The morphological changes of the neurons before and after administration of TEN were examined under a phase contrast microscope. Neuronal viabilities were detected by MTT colorimetry. Injuring degrees of the neuronal membrane were assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) colorimetry.

RESULTAs compared with the normal control, treatment of primary cultural neurons with Ap, (25 micromol x L(-1)) for 24 h caused a significant decrease in viabilities and morphological changes of nerve cells, with neurons losing adherent ability or shedding, and the synapse shortening found by microscope. The percentage of apoptotic nerve cells and the LDH leakage were significantly decreased, and the survival rate of neurons was significantly increased in both the TEN high and medium dose groups.

CONCLUSIONThe aggregated Abeta(1-40) has a definite neurotoxicity for cultural cortical neurons, and TEN can significantly protect the neurons from the cytotoxicity of Abeta(1-40).

Amyloid beta-Peptides ; toxicity ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex ; cytology ; Colorimetry ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Neurons ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Peptide Fragments ; toxicity ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polygala ; chemistry ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

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Protective effects and its mechanisms of total alkaloids from rhizoma Coptis chinensis on Helicobacter pylori LPS induced gastric lesion in rats.

Jin-song LU ; Yu-qing LIU ; Ming LI ; Bao-sheng LI ; Yan XU

China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica.2007;32(13):1333-1336.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects and its possible mechanisms of total alkaloids (TA) from rhizoma Coptis chinensis on H. pylori LPS induced gastric lesion in rats.

METHODH. pylori lipopolysaccharide was applied to rat intragastrically for 4 days to induce a pattern of mucosal responses resembling that of acute gastritis. After treatment with 50, 100, 200 mg x kg(-1) TA, we identified the changes on gastric histopathology, the effects on the activities of cNOS and NOS-2, the contents of TNF-alpha and the gastric mucus epithelial cell apoptosis.

RESULTH. pylori LPS could significantly induce the epithelial cell apoptosis of gastric mucus, increase the expression of NOS-2 and decline the expression of cNOS, and enhance the content of TNF-alpha in serum. Treatment with 50, 100, 200 mg x kg(-1) TA led to reduction in the extent of mucosal inflammatory changes elicited by H. pylori LPS and decrease in epithelial cell apoptosis. Furthermore, this effect of TA was associated with decrease in content of TNF-alpha in serum, decline in NOS-2, and increase in cNOS.

CONCLUSIONThe findings suggest that TA is a potent protective agent against H. pylori LPS induced gastric mucosal inflammation. The concerned mechanisms may be related to its inhibition on epithelial cell apoptosis, and the suppression of the inflammatory responses by upregulating cNOS and interfering with the events propagated by NOS-2, and reducing the content of TNF-alpha.

Acute Disease ; Alkaloids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Coptis ; chemistry ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; enzymology ; pathology ; Gastric Mucosa ; drug effects ; enzymology ; pathology ; Gastritis ; blood ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Male ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Protective Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

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Effects of Rehmannia glutinosa oligosaccharides on proliferation of HepG2 and insulin resistance.

Li-min GUO ; Ru-xue ZHANG ; Zheng-ping JIA ; Mao-xing LI ; Juan WANG ; Qiang YIN

China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica.2007;32(13):1328-1332.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Rehmannia glutinosa oligosaccharides (ROS) on the proliferation of HepG2 and insulin resistance.

METHODThe HepG2 cells were divided into control group, rosiglitazone (3.4 mg x L(-1)) treated group and ROS (0.1-30 mg x L(-1)) treated group. The proliferation of HepG2 was detected by MTT method. Insulin resistant HepG2 cells model was induced by high concentration of insulin, then the effects of ROS on glucose consumption in insulin resistant HepG2 cells were investigated.

RESULTIn the middle glucose culture medium, the absorbance at 570 nm of HepG2 was increased by high concentration of ROS, and decreased by low concentration of ROS by using MTT method, a concentration-dependent manner. ROS increased glucose consumption in HepG2 cells, and showed a better effect at the dose of 10 mg x L(-1). ROS promoted the glucose consumption in insulin resistance of HepG2 cells, improved the sensitivity of insulin resistance of HepG2 cells to insulin.

CONCLUSIONHigh concentration of ROS can promote the proliferation of HepG2, and however low concentration of ROS inhibits the proliferation of HepG2. ROS can significantly improve insulin resistance of HepG2 cells induced by high insulin.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Glucose ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Insulin ; pharmacology ; Insulin Resistance ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Oligosaccharides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rehmannia ; chemistry

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Effects of Radix Astragali and Fructus Corni on urinary protein pattern in nephropathy mice by microfluidic chip.

Li-ming HUANG ; Xiao-qiang SHI ; Heng LIANG

China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica.2007;32(13):1324-1328.

OBJECTIVETo study the urinary protein patterns of nephropathy mice induced by dextran and the effects of aquesous extract of Fructus Corni (AEFC) and Radix Astragali (AERA).

METHODNephropathy model was established by administrated with dextran to mice. Some of the dextran treated mice were given AERA (20 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)) as AERA group, other mice were given AEFC (10 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)) as AEFC group. Some of the dextran treated mice were given water as model group, some normal mice as normal control group. After a 12 weeks' treatment, 24 hour urine of four groups was collected, respectively. Each urinary sample was divided into two parts, one was non-concentrated urine sample, another was used as concentrated urine sample. Two kinds of urinary sample of four groups were analyzed with microfluidic chips on Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer instrument.

RESULTEach group's urinary protein patterns were obtained, more than 20 proteins were were detected. Compared with normal group, about five kinds of protein were found in urinary sample of model group, among which M > 43 x 10(3) proteins were increased. Compared with model group, significant treated-related protein's kind and quantitative changes in AERA treated group and AEFC group were found. Urinary protein kinds were reduced, especially certain the proteins (M > 50 x 10(3)) were significantly decreased approach to normal patterns. Non-concentrated urine samples' protein pattern mainly included were proteins (M=29, 32, 43, 52, 68, 76 x 10(3) and concentrated urine samples mainly included the proteins (M=22, 24, 32, 46 x 10(3)).

CONCLUSIONAERA and AEFC could reduce the urinary protein and made protein pattern different, which showed that radix astragali and fructus corni could play an important role in protecting renal function of nephropathy mice and finding the target protein markers related to AERA and AEFC effects on nephropathy mice.

Animals ; Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; Cornus ; chemistry ; Dextrans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Kidney ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Male ; Mice ; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques ; methods ; Nephritis ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; urine ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Proteinuria ; urine ; Proteomics ; methods

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Effect of PMTG on atherosclerotic lesion formation and expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in ApoE-deficient mice.

Wei FANG ; Hui-xin ZHANG ; Lu-ya WANG ; Yan-wen QIN ; Ying WU ; Wei WANG ; Bin LIU

China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica.2007;32(13):1320-1323.

OBJECTIVETo study the protecting effect of polygoni multiflori total glycosides (PMTG) on the atherosclerotic lesion formation and the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 in aolipoprotein (apo) E-deficient transgenic mice.

METHODThirty-two female apoE-deficienct mice were randomized into four groups: PMTG high dose group (150 mg x kg x d), low dose group (25 mg x kg x d), atorvastatin positive control group (5 mg x kg x d), and model group. At the end of the tenth week, all mice were killed. The serum levels of Total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured by enzyme dynamics method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe the morphologic changes of aortic endothelia cell. The expressions of NF-kappaB were studied by SABC immunohistochemistry.

RESULTAs compared with the model control group. (1) PMTG could reduce the levels of serum TC, TG significantly (P < 0.01), and LDL-C level significantly (P < 0.01). (2) It could increase the levels of serum NO and the anti-oxidation capacities significantly (P < 0.01), but reduce the levels of serum MDA significantly (P < 0.01). (3) PMTG could keep the normal morphology of aortic endothelial cell. (4) PMTG could deregulated the expression of NF-kappaB in aortic wall.

CONCLUSIONPMTG could inhibit the occurrence and development of atherosclerotic lesions by its anti-oxidation abilities, which reduce LDL-C level. The low LDL-C level could deregulated the of expression of NF-kappaB, which could deregulated ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in AopE-/-mice in aortic wall through.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Aorta, Thoracic ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Apolipoproteins E ; deficiency ; genetics ; Atherosclerosis ; blood ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Female ; Glycosides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; biosynthesis ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polygonum ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Triglycerides ; blood ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; biosynthesis

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Roles of potassium channel in effects of resveratrol on isolated myocardial contractility and heart rate research in guinea pig.

Gui-ying WANG ; Cui-miao SONG ; Li-nan ZHANG ; Qian LI ; Hua YUE ; Jing-kun FENG ; Na WANG

China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica.2007;32(13):1317-1319.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of resvaratrol derivatives on spontaneous HR and CF of isolated guinea pig atrium.

METHODThe dose-effect curve of resvaratrol was observed. The possible mechanism of potassium channels responsible for changes of CF and HR after administering with resvaratrol was measured.

RESULTResvaratrol reduced the spontaneous HR and weakened the CF in a dose-dependent manner ranging from 10(-6) to 3 x 10(-4) mol x L(-1) (P < 0.05). As compared with Res group, the effects were partly blocked by Gli (P < 0.05) and TEA (P < 0.01), but not blocked by 4-AP, BaCl2, Atropine.

CONCLUSIONResvaratrol can induce negative chronotropic action and negative (inotropic action. The mechanism(s) may relate to the opening of K(ATP) and Kc(Ca).

Animals ; Barium Compounds ; pharmacology ; Cardiotonic Agents ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Chlorides ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Glyburide ; pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart Rate ; drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; KATP Channels ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Male ; Myocardial Contraction ; drug effects ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Potassium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology ; Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Stilbenes ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Tetraethylammonium ; pharmacology

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Effects of allicin on changes of hemorheology in focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Chun-yan LI ; Xiao-song CHENG

China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica.2007;32(13):1314-1317.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of allicin on the changes of hemorheology in focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

METHODMiddle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was used to make focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model by intravascular nylon filament occlusion. The protective effects of allicin at different doses were evaluated by investigating neurological function score, infarction volume and water content of brain. The changes of blood rheology were detected.

RESULTCompared with model group, allicin (15, 25 mg x kg(-1)) increased the neurological function score and decreased the water content and infarction volume of brain in rats. Allicin (15, 25 mg x kg(-1)) inhibited the increasing of the blood viscosity, high shear rate reduced viscosity, high shear relative reduced viscosity and low shear relative reduced viscosity.

CONCLUSIONAllicin has protective effects on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuries. The mechanism may be related to inhibit the increasing of hemorheology.

Animals ; Blood Viscosity ; drug effects ; Garlic ; chemistry ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; complications ; Male ; Neuroprotective Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; blood ; etiology ; pathology ; Sulfinic Acids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

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Effect of TSPG on proliferation and differentiation of human embryonic neural stem cell into dopaminergic neuron.

Sha-li WANG ; Ying-bo LI ; Ya-ping WANG ; Min FENG

China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica.2007;32(13):1310-1313.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of total saponins of panax ginseng (TSPG) on proliferation and differentiation of human embryonic neural stem cell (NSC) into dopaminergic neuron.

METHODIsolation, cultivation and identification of human embryonic NSC from cerebral cortex of 7-12 week abortus. By using flow cytometry and MTT assay, the effects of various concentration of TSPG and TSPG cooperating with cytokines( EGF, bFGF) in NSC culture media for 3 days on proliferation of human embryonic NSC has studied. By employing immunocytochemistry assay of the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the effect of different dilution of TSPG and TSPG cooperating with IL-1 on induced differentiation of human embryonic NSC into dopaminergic neuron has researched.

RESULTTSPG can significantly promote the proliferation of NSC. When TSPG cooperating with EGF and bFGF, the proliferation of NSC is much stronger than that of only using FGF and bFGF. TSPG also induces NSC to differentiate into dopaminergic neuron, especially when TSPG is cooperating with IL-1.

CONCLUSIONTSPG can not only obviously accelerate the proliferation of NSC, but also significantly induce differentiation of NSC into dopaminergic neuron.

Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dopamine ; metabolism ; Drug Synergism ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Interleukin-1 ; pharmacology ; Neurons ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Saponins ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ; metabolism

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Clinical obervation of Jiedu Tongluo Lishi decoction on treating reactive rheumatoid arthritis.

Cheng-pin WEN ; Chen-yu JIN ; Zhi-liang XU ; Lin-yong CAO

China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica.2007;32(13):1306-1310.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical curative effect and safety of Jiedu Tongluo Lishi decoction on treating active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

METHOD106 cases of RA in active period were randomly divided into the integrated Chinese and western medicine group (n=54) and western medicine contrast group (n=52). The former group were treated by Jiedu Tongluo Lishi decoction combined with SASP, the latter by MTX combined with SASP. The arthritis morning stiffness time, ache indexes, tumidness indexes, function indexes, hands grip, 20-m walking time and experimental indexes including ESR, RF, CRP, C3, immune globin of both groups were observed and compared.

RESULTThe obviously clinical effective ratio and the total clinical effective ratio in the former group were 77.78% and 90.74% respectively, which are better than those in the latter group (59.62% and 71.15% respectively) (P < 0.01). The arthritis morning stiffness time, ache indexes, tumidness indexes, function indexes, hands grip and 20-m walking time in both groups were obviously released after treatment (P < 0.01). The clinical release in the former group was better than that in the latter group (P < 0.05). ESR, RF and CRP in both groups were markedly improved (P < 0.05). The improvement of ESR, RF, CRP, C3 and IgA in the former group were better than those in the latter group (P < 0.05). The side effect includes gastroenteric tract reaction, decrease of leucocyte, abnormity of liver function, tetter and catamenia maladjustment. The occurent ratio in the former group was 7.41%, which was obviously lower than that in the latter group (15.38%) (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe compositively clinical curative effect of Jiedu Tongluo Lishi decoction combined with MTX on treating RA is obviously better than that of western medicine only such as MTX and SASP, with less side effect and higher safety, which is worth applying in clinics extensively.

Animals ; Antirheumatic Agents ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; Arthritis, Experimental ; blood ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Dinoprostone ; blood ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Interleukin-1beta ; blood ; Male ; Materia Medica ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Pain Threshold ; drug effects ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Scorpions ; chemistry ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

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