Anatomy & Cell Biology.2017;50(2):162-162. doi:10.5115/acb.2017.50.2.162
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Anatomy & Cell Biology
2002 (v1, n1) to Present ISSN: 1671-8925
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Surgical and radiological importance of a rare cysto-duodeno-colic peritoneal fold.
Anatomy & Cell Biology.2017;50(2):159-161. doi:10.5115/acb.2017.50.2.159
It is quite common to see abnormal peritoneal folds in the abdominal cavity. Some of them might compress or strangulate the viscera and others might determine the direction of the flow of peritoneal fluid, pus or blood. Many unusual clinically important peritoneal folds such as Ladd's band, cysto-gastro-colic fold, omento-cystic fold, and cysto-colic fold have been reported earlier. Knowledge of these folds is important for radiologists, gastroenterologists, and surgeons. We report an unusual cysto-duodeno-colic fold observed during our dissection classes. The fold was seen to compress the duodenum and colon. The fold extended from the descending part of the duodenum and the transverse colon to the gallbladder. It enclosed the entire gallbladder. A case similar to this has not been reported yet. It is important for the gastroenterologists and laparoscopic surgeons to be aware of this fold to avoid misdiagnosis and iatrogenic injuries.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Cavity ; Ascitic Fluid ; Colon ; Colon, Transverse ; Diagnostic Errors ; Duodenum ; Gallbladder ; Omentum ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Peritoneum ; Suppuration ; Surgeons ; Viscera
Abdomen ; Abdominal Cavity ; Ascitic Fluid ; Colon ; Colon, Transverse ; Diagnostic Errors ; Duodenum ; Gallbladder ; Omentum ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Peritoneum ; Suppuration ; Surgeons ; Viscera
Supernumerary lumbar ribs: a rare occurrence on an adult African male skeleton.
Anatomy & Cell Biology.2017;50(2):155-158. doi:10.5115/acb.2017.50.2.155
Supernumerary lumbar ribs are usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during routine diagnostic radiography. During a routine inventory of the research skeletal repository at the University of the Witwatersrand, a rare case of bilateral supernumerary ribs on the first lumbar vertebra was observed. The skeletal specimen belonged to a 70-year-old African male whose recorded cause of death was esophageal carcinoma. Plain radiography revealed bilateral joint cavities between the transverse processes of the first lumbar vertebra and the supernumerary ribs. Clinically, supernumerary lumbar ribs may present with pain of the renal angle, cause confusion during enumeration of the vertebral levels on radiographs, and may be misinterpreted as fractures, kissing osteophytes, and/or calcification of abdominal vasculature.
Adult* ; Aged ; Cause of Death ; Humans ; Joints ; Male* ; Osteophyte ; Radiography ; Ribs* ; Skeleton* ; Spine
Adult* ; Aged ; Cause of Death ; Humans ; Joints ; Male* ; Osteophyte ; Radiography ; Ribs* ; Skeleton* ; Spine
Anatomy & Cell Biology.2017;50(2):152-154. doi:10.5115/acb.2017.50.2.152
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is one of the common congenital anomalies of the heart in humans. Its complications depend on the size of the defect and can manifest at any age. The common symptoms of ASD include dyspnea and fatigue. Most of the ASDs are associated with morbidity and mortality, Earlier the treatment, it is better to the patient. I saw a large ostium secundum defect in the heart of an adult female cadaver during dissection classes for undergraduate medical students. The interatrial septum had large defect at the region where fossa ovalis should have been located. It was about 1.25 inches in diameter and oval in shape. This type of large septal defect might result in cyanosis, stroke or death of the patient at any age.
Adult ; Cadaver* ; Cyanosis ; Dyspnea ; Fatigue ; Female* ; Heart ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Humans ; Middle Aged* ; Mortality ; Stroke ; Students, Medical
Adult ; Cadaver* ; Cyanosis ; Dyspnea ; Fatigue ; Female* ; Heart ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Humans ; Middle Aged* ; Mortality ; Stroke ; Students, Medical
Anatomy & Cell Biology.2017;50(2):143-151. doi:10.5115/acb.2017.50.2.143
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (vanillin) and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4-HBA) are natural phenolic compounds, which present in many plants and have diverse biological properties. In this study, we examined effects of vanillin and 4-HBA on learning and memory function, cell proliferation, and neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in a mouse model of scopolamine-induced amnesia. Scopolamine (SCO; 1 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally), vanillin, and 4-HBA (40 mg/kg/day, orally) were administered for 28 days. Treatment with scopolamine alone impaired learning and memory function in the Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests, in addition, the treatment significantly reduced cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus, which were examined by immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 (a classic marker for cell proliferation) and doublecortin (a marker for neuroblasts). However, treatment with vanillin or 4-HBA significantly attenuated SCO-induced learning and memory impairment as well as the reduction of cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus. These results indicate that vanillin and 4-HBA may be helpful in improving cognitive function and in increasing endogenous neuronal proliferation in the brain.
Amnesia* ; Animals ; Brain ; Cell Proliferation* ; Cognition ; Cognition Disorders* ; Dentate Gyrus* ; Hippocampus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Learning ; Memory ; Mice* ; Neurogenesis ; Neurons ; Phenol ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide ; Water
Amnesia* ; Animals ; Brain ; Cell Proliferation* ; Cognition ; Cognition Disorders* ; Dentate Gyrus* ; Hippocampus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Learning ; Memory ; Mice* ; Neurogenesis ; Neurons ; Phenol ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide ; Water
Age-related change of Iba-1 immunoreactivity in the adult and aged gerbil spinal cord.
Anatomy & Cell Biology.2017;50(2):135-142. doi:10.5115/acb.2017.50.2.135
In the present study, we examined change of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) in the adult and aged gerbil spinal cords. Significant change of morphological feature and neuronal cell loss were not observed in both adult and aged spinal cords of gerbil after NeuN immunohistochemistry and Fluoro-Jade B histofluoresce staining. Iba-1–immunoreactive microglia broadly distributed in the spinal cord. Most of Iba-1–immunoreactive microglia showed ramified forms in the adult gerbil cervical and lumbar spinal cords. However, morphological changes of Iba-1–immunoreactive microglia were observed in the cervical and lumbar regions of the aged gerbil spinal cord. These microglia were showed a hypertrophied body with shortened swollen processes which was characteristic of activated microglia. In addition, Iba-1 protein level significantly higher in aged cervical and lumbar spinal cords than those in the adult gerbil. The present study showed an increase of activated forms of Iba-1–immunoreactive microglia and its protein level without marked changes in morphological features and neuronal loss in the aged spinal cord compared to those in the adult gerbil spinal cord. This result suggests that the increase of Iba-1 expression in the aged spinal cord may be closely associated with age-related changes in aged gerbil spinal cord.
Adult* ; Gerbillinae* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lumbosacral Region ; Microglia ; Neurons ; Spinal Cord*
Adult* ; Gerbillinae* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lumbosacral Region ; Microglia ; Neurons ; Spinal Cord*
Anatomy & Cell Biology.2017;50(2):124-134. doi:10.5115/acb.2017.50.2.124
Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia, the aberrant production of the Th2 cytokines, and eosinophil infiltration into the lungs. In this study, we examined the effects of baicalein, wogonin, and Scutellaria baicalensis ethanol extract on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma by evaluating Th1/Th2 cytokine levels, histopathologic analysis, and compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis and mast cell activation, focusing on the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. Baicalein, wogonin, and S. baicalensis ethanol extract also decreased the number of inflammatory cells especially eosinophils and downregulated peribronchial and perivascular inflammation in the lungs of mice challenged by OVA. Baicalein, wogonin, and S. baicalensis ethanol extract significantly reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-5 and the production of OVA-specific IgE and IgG1, and upregulated the level of interferon-γ and OVA-specific IgG2a. In addition, oral administration of baicalein, wogonin, and S. baicalensis ethanol extract inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis and plasma histamine release in mice. Moreover, baicalein, wogonin, and S. baicalensis ethanol extract suppressed compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation and histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. Conclusively, baicalein and wogonin as major flavonoids of S. baicalensis may have therapeutic potential for allergic asthma through modulation of Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance and histamine release from mast cells.
Administration, Oral ; Anaphylaxis* ; Animals ; Asthma ; Cytokines ; Eosinophils ; Ethanol* ; Flavonoids ; Goblet Cells ; Histamine Release* ; Histamine* ; Hyperplasia ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunoglobulin G ; Inflammation* ; Interleukin-4 ; Interleukin-5 ; Interleukins ; Lung ; Mast Cells ; Mice ; Ovalbumin ; Ovum ; Plasma ; Rats ; Scutellaria baicalensis* ; Scutellaria* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Administration, Oral ; Anaphylaxis* ; Animals ; Asthma ; Cytokines ; Eosinophils ; Ethanol* ; Flavonoids ; Goblet Cells ; Histamine Release* ; Histamine* ; Hyperplasia ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunoglobulin G ; Inflammation* ; Interleukin-4 ; Interleukin-5 ; Interleukins ; Lung ; Mast Cells ; Mice ; Ovalbumin ; Ovum ; Plasma ; Rats ; Scutellaria baicalensis* ; Scutellaria* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Anatomy & Cell Biology.2017;50(2):115-123. doi:10.5115/acb.2017.50.2.115
Due to the importance of neural stem cells (NSCs) in plasticity of the nervous system and treating neurodegenerative diseases, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of radiofrequency radiation emitted from a GSM 900-MHz mobile phone with different exposure duration on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of adult murine NSCs in vitro. We used neurosphere assay to evaluate NSCs proliferation, and immunofluorescence assay of neural cell markers to examine NSCs differentiation. We also employed alamarBlue and caspase 3 apoptosis assays to assess harmful effects of mobile phone on NSCs. Our results showed that the number and size of resulting neurospheres and also the percentage of cells differentiated into neurons decreased significantly with increasing exposure duration to GSM 900-MHz radiofrequency (RF)-electromagnetic field (EMF). In contrast, exposure to GSM 900-MHz RF-EMF at different durations did not influence cell viability and apoptosis of NSCs and also their astrocytic differentiation. It is concluded that accumulating dose of GSM 900-MHz RF-EMF might have devastating effects on NSCs proliferation and neurogenesis requiring more causations in terms of using mobile devices.
Adult ; Apoptosis* ; Caspase 3 ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Phones* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Microwaves ; Nervous System ; Neural Stem Cells* ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neurogenesis ; Neurons ; Plastics
Adult ; Apoptosis* ; Caspase 3 ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Phones* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Microwaves ; Nervous System ; Neural Stem Cells* ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neurogenesis ; Neurons ; Plastics
Anatomy & Cell Biology.2017;50(2):107-114. doi:10.5115/acb.2017.50.2.107
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contains several molecules which are essential for neurogenesis. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are putatively neural crest cell-derived that can differentiate into neurons and glial cells under appropriate neurotrophic factors. The aim of this study was to induce differentiation of hDPSCs into neuroglial phenotypes using retinoic acid (RA) and CSF. The hDPSCs from an impacted third molar were isolated by mechanical and digestion and cultured. The cells have treated by 10⁻⁷µM RA (RA group) for 8 days, 10% CSF (CSF group) for 8 days and RA with CSF for 8 days (RA/CSF group). Nestin, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunostaining were used to examine the differentiated cells. Axonal outgrowth was detected using Bielschowsky's silver impregnation method and Nissl bodies were stained in differentiated cells by Cresyl violet. The morphology of differentiated cells in treated groups was significantly changed after 3–5 days. The results of immunocytochemistry showed the presence of neuroprogenitor marker nestin was seen in all groups. However, the high percentage of nestin positive cells and MAP2, as mature neural markers, were observed at the pre-induction and induction stage, respectively. Nissl bodies were detected as dark-blue particles in the cytoplasm of treated cells. Our findings showed the RA as pre-inducer and CSF as inducer for using in vitro differentiation of neuron-like cells and neuroglial cells from hDPSCs.
Axons ; Cerebrospinal Fluid* ; Cytoplasm ; Dental Pulp* ; Digestion ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Vitro Techniques ; Methods ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; Molar, Third ; Nerve Growth Factors ; Nestin ; Neural Crest ; Neurogenesis ; Neuroglia* ; Neurons ; Nissl Bodies ; Phenotype ; Silver ; Stem Cells* ; Tretinoin* ; Viola
Axons ; Cerebrospinal Fluid* ; Cytoplasm ; Dental Pulp* ; Digestion ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Vitro Techniques ; Methods ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; Molar, Third ; Nerve Growth Factors ; Nestin ; Neural Crest ; Neurogenesis ; Neuroglia* ; Neurons ; Nissl Bodies ; Phenotype ; Silver ; Stem Cells* ; Tretinoin* ; Viola
Anatomy & Cell Biology.2017;50(2):104-106. doi:10.5115/acb.2017.50.2.104
The angiogenic theory to the development of human lymphatics is not clear. The objective of this study was to investigate the development of human lymphatics. Semi-thin and thin paraffin sections from human mature cystic ovarian teratoma tissues were studied using light and electron microscopy. Lymphatics were formed by the differentiation of mesenchymal cells that gradually acquired morphological features of endothelial cells. It is suggested that in human mature cystic ovarian teratoma the lymphatic endothelium develops from mesenchymal cells, and not from cells derived from mature endothelium of a preexisting vein or lymphatic.
Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium ; Endothelium, Lymphatic ; Humans* ; Mesoderm ; Microscopy, Electron ; Paraffin ; Teratoma* ; Veins
Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium ; Endothelium, Lymphatic ; Humans* ; Mesoderm ; Microscopy, Electron ; Paraffin ; Teratoma* ; Veins
Country
Republic of Korea
Publisher
Korean Association of Anatomists
ElectronicLinks
http://acbjournal.org/Editor-in-chief
Park, In-Sun
sunpark@inha.ac.kr
Abbreviation
Anat Cell Biol
Vernacular Journal Title
대한해부학회지
ISSN
2093-3665
EISSN
2093-3673
Year Approved
2007
Current Indexing Status
Currently Indexed
Start Year
Description
Anatomy & Cell Biology (ACB, pISSN 2093-3665/eISSN 2093-3673) is an international forum for multi-perspective discussion of all fields of anatomy, particularly the field of cell biology based on anatomy. The journal publishes papers from basic to applied fields, and covers studies of all levels of biological organizations in human and animal models. Studies with an integrative perspective of anatomical structures at several levels of organization from molecules to living organisms are particularly welcome.
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