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The intact ectocystectomy for treatment of 7 patients with renal hydatid cyst

Wenguang WANG ; Dilimulati PALUOKE ; Lu ZHENG ; Yujie WANG ; Rexiati MULATI

Chinese Journal of Endemiology.2016;35(9):681-683. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-4255.2016.09.014

Objective To investigate the surgical technique and the curative effect of the intact ectocystectomy for renal hydatid cyst.Method Totally 7 cases of renal echinococcosis patients treated by the intact ectocystectomy of renal hydatid complete at Urology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from Mar 2007 to Dec 2015 were analyzed by retrospective analysis,the surgical procedure,postoperative pathologic results and efficacy were summarized.Results Visible in the operation of renal parenchyma and hydatid cysts,along a detachable gap between the gaps,renal hydatid capsule could be completely removed.The renal wound was smooth grossly,without much blood,hydatid ectocyst was removed completely,with smooth wall,pathology inspection for the attached results confirmed the capsule wall collagen fiber tissue,a small amount of renal parenchyma.Totally 7 cases of surgical success,with no liquid capsule rupture overflow,and they were followed up for 1-36 months,no recurrence and residual cavity formation and other complications occurred.Conclusion The results have indicated that the intact ectocystectomy is a radical therapy for renal echinococcosis and retain renal parenchyma.

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Changes of T lymphocyte subsets in mice immunized with recombinant Bb-Em Ⅱ/3-Em14-3-3 vaccine of Echinococcus multilocularis

Mei YANG ; Wengui LI ; Xingchao LIU

Chinese Journal of Endemiology.2016;35(9):629-632. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-4255.2016.09.002

Objective In order to investigate the changes of T lymphocytes subsets in mice immunized with recombinant Bb-Em Ⅱ/3-Em14-3-3.vaccine of Echinococcus multilocularis (Em) and challenged with Em protoscoleces.Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with recombinant Bb-Em Ⅱ/3-Em14-3-3 vaccine by subcutaneous injection,intramuscular injection,nasal mucosa inoculation and oral administration,Bifidobacterium (Bb) and PBS were used as controls.After 12 weeks of immunization,all the mice were challenged with 50 protoscoleces of Em by intraperitoneal injection.Eighteen weeks later,mice were killed to measure alveolar hydatid weight and spleens were taken to separate spenocytes,in which the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets were determined by flow cytometry.Results Alveolar hydatid weight was (0.77 ± 0.52),(0.87 ± 0.60),(2.17 ± 0.50),(3.06 ± 0.15) g in subcutaneous injection,intramuscular injection,nasal mucosa inoculation and oral administration groups,respectively,which was obviously lower than that in PBS control group [(3.54 ± 0.32) g,P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01].The level of CD49 T cell subset was (28.2 ± 2.5)％,(25.0 ± 2.7)％,(24.0 ± 1.3)％,(23.0 ± 1.8)％ in subcutaneous injection,intramuscular injection,nasal mucosa inoculation and oral administration groups,respectively,which was significantly higher than that in PBS control group [(16.1 ± 2.2)％,all P ＜ 0.01].The level of CD8+ T cell subset in the immunization groups was slightly elevated,but there was no statistical significance between groups (F =1.36,P ＞0.05).The level of CD4 + T cell subset in subcutaneous injection group was higher than that in intramuscular injection,nasal mucosa inoculation and oral administration groups (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion CD4+ T cell subset may play an important role in the protection of mice induced by recombinant Bb-Em Ⅱ/3-Em14-3-3 vaccine and the subcutaneous injection route appears to be a better way for immunization.

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Prevalence and prevention of Kaschin-Beck disease in different ecotypic areas in Gansu Province

Xiaoyan CHEN ; Guohua CHEN ; Jianyun SHAO ; Pengfei GE ; Ping LI ; Xiaoyan XIE ; Yongjian LIAO

Chinese Journal of Endemiology.2016;35(9):672-676. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-4255.2016.09.012

Objective To grasp the epidemic features of Kaschin-Beck disease in different ecotypic areas in Gansu Province,in order to provide ecological basis for Kashin-Beck disease control.Methods Totally 37 counties with Kashin-Beck disease were divided into four ecological areas,villages with historical serious condition in township and townships with historical serious condition in county were investigated.Clinical examination and Xray of right hand of all 7-12-year-old children in the villages were carried out,while investigation of prevention and control measures was performed.Results Among 27 966 children from four ecological areas,the clinical detection rate was 0.05％ (14/27 966) and the X-ray positive rate was 1.26％ (353/27 966),metaphyseal rate was 1.25％ (350/27 966),bone-side positive rate was 0.01％ (3/27 966) and no case of epiphyseal and carpal were discovered.The clinical detection rate in children in the four ecological areas was not statistically significant (x2() =7.757,P ＞0.05),the Loess Plateau-gully region of Longdong [0.09％ (10/11 604)] ＞ the Anyon area of Qinling of Longnan [0.04％ (3/7 969)] ＞ Alpine grassland meadow area of Gannan [0.02％ (1/4 021)] ＞ the Loess Plateau-hills region of Longzhong [0 (0/4 372)].The detected rate of X-ray in four ecological areas was statistically significant (x2 =18.133,P ＜ 0.05),the Anyon area of Qinling of Longnan [1.49％ (119/7 969)] ＞ the Loess Plateau-gully region of Longdong [1.41％ (164/11 604)] ＞ the Loess Plateau-hills region of Longzhong [0.89％ (39/4 372)] ＞ Alpine grassland meadow area of Gannan [0.77％ (31/4 021)].Comprehensive prevention and control measures on Kaschin-Beck disease were different in different ecotypic areas.Relocation,long-distance education and selenium supplement measures had not been implemented in the four ecological areas.Conclusion The epidemic situation of Kaschin-Beck disease is different in different ecotypic areas in Gansu Province,which maybe related to ecological environment,but is under a state of control.

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Vaccine inoculation rate of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in rural population and vaccination strategy in the Xi'an epidemic area

Yuan XING ; Chaofeng MA ; Zhenghua CAI ; Qinli LI ; Zhijun CHEN

Chinese Journal of Endemiology.2016;35(9):677-680. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-4255.2016.09.013

Objective To describe the vaccine inoculation rate of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and the movement characteristics of rural population in the Xi'an epidemic area.Methods This was a cross-sectional study.The study covered all the four HFRS traditional high incidence areas (counties):Zhouzhi,Huxian,Chang'an and Lintong.Three villages were selected in each county and 20 households were selected in each village in 2013.Participants included all the persons of these families.People 16-60 years old were interviewed face to face about their sociodemographic and environmental information,and at the same time related HFRS vaccine history and characters of migrant workers were collected.Results Nine hundred and ninety-six persons were investigated,69.3 percent (690/996) were vaccinate-age population.Of all,49.0 percent (338/690) had HFRS vaccine history and 53.9 percent (372/690) had worked away from home most of the year.The inoculation proportion of workers which worked in their own counties (56.8％,67/118) were higher than that of workers worked outside (37.0％,60/162;39.1％,36/92,x2 =10.74,6.44,all P ＜ 0.017).In the workers that went back home every week,60.3 percent (76/126) had vaccinated.Workers that went back home once a year had the lowest proportion of inoculation (16.7％,7/42).The morbidity of HFRS decreased significantly accompany with ascend of inoculation rate (Y =-0.524X + 38.319,t =-4.581,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions After the free vaccinations,there is still a gap between the vaccine inoculation rate and prevention benefit.The current vaccination strategies need to be adjusted.

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Expression and significance of Toil-like receptors 2, 4 in brucellosis patients

Shaoji XING ; Zhiguo LIU ; Yonghua LIU ; Rihong LIU ; Lifang ZHANG ; Yanbing JIA

Chinese Journal of Endemiology.2016;35(10):713-716. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-4255.2016.10.003

Objective This study was designed to compare the mRNA expression of Toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) in monocytes between brucellosis cases and healthy controls,to explore the role and value of TLR2 and TLR4 in the pathogenesis of brucellosis.Methods From March to June in 2015,a total of 155 brucellosis cases at different clinical stages were diagnosed in Ulanqab Center for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control and 50 healthy controls were selected as research subjects.Subjective clinical symptoms of all patients were observed.Serological detection of all cases was done using serum tube agglutination test (SAT).The mRNA expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in peripheral blood cell was detected by real-time PCR technique.Results Fever,hyperhidrosis,weak,bone ache and hepatosplenomegaly were found in patients of acute (69 people),subacute (34 people) and chronic (52 people) periods.The incidences of fever and hyperhidrosis in acute and subacute periods were higher than that in chronic period,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =58.427,26.190,all P ＜ 0.01).The incidence of bone ache in chronic period was higher than that in acute period,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =9.264,P ＜ 0.01).In the agglutination titer of 1:800 and higher,the positive rate of chronic period was lower than those in acute and subacute periods,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =14.302,8.682,all P ＜ 0.01).The mRNA expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 were different among different clinical periods of brucellosis patients,and the differences were statistically significant (F =17.502,24.931,all P ＜ 0.01).The expression levels of TLR2 mRNA (8.67 ± 2.39) and TLR4 mRNA (12.38 ± 3.87) in acute period of brucellosis patients were higher than those of subacute period (5.21 ± 1.76,7.62 ± 2.21),chronic period (1.25 ± 0.47,1.72 ± 0.55) and healthy control (1.17 ± 0.23,1.43 ± 0.62),and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.01).The expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA in subacute period of brucellosis patients were higher than those of chronic period and healthy controls,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.01).The expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA were not significantly different (all P ＞ 0.05) between chronic period and healthy controls.Conclusion TLR2 and TLR4 may be the specific recognizing receptors participated in the immune response in brucellosis and associated with the occurrence and development of brucellosis.

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Identification and genetic characteristics of a Brucella canis strain isolated in Hebei Province

Zhenyu QIAN ; Xiaoli LIU ; Yinqi SUN ; Zhaoyi JIA ; Baohua HE ; Xia JIANG

Chinese Journal of Endemiology.2016;35(10):717-720. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-4255.2016.10.004

Objective A suspected strain of Brucella canis isolated in Hebei Province in 2015 was identified and its genetic characteristics were analyzed.Methods After conventional identification of the bacteria strain,multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) and multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) were conducted to determine its species and genetic characteristics.Results The strain was identified as Brucella canis by conventional subtyping and M-PCR.Using Panel 1,the strain was genotype 3,using Panel 2A,the strain was genotype 28.It was closely clustered with Brucella canis,and differences of repeated numbers at variablenumber tandem-repeat (VNTR) loci Bruce04,Bruce07,Bruce09 and Bruce16 were also displayed.Conclusions The conventional subtyping and molecular methods can improve the stability and accuracy of the identification.Genetic characteristics of the strain is closely related to that of Brucella canis.

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Spatial autocorrelation analysis of brucellosis in Zibo of Shandong Province, 2013-2015

Tao WANG ; Ling WANG ; Feng CUI ; Zengqiang KOU ; Zhenwang BI

Chinese Journal of Endemiology.2016;35(10):721-724. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-4255.2016.10.005

Objective To explore the spatial distribution and spatial clustering of brucellosis in Zibo,2013-2015.Methods Spatial autocorrelation analysis was used to analyze the surveillance data of brucellosis at town level.Township as a spatial analysis unit,spatial distribution of brucellosis in small scale in Zibo City was analyzed.Results The global Moran's I indexes of brucellosis were not significantly different in 2013-2015.According to local Moran's Ⅰ statistic,the high-high regions were Xindian Street and Jiangjunlu Street in 2013.The high-high regions were Tangfang Town,Jinshan Town,Luocun Town,Zhaili Town,Xihe Town and Longquan Town in 2014.The high-high region was Wangcun Town in 2015.Condusions Our study has showed that the spatial distribution of brucellosis is local clustered in Zibo.The detection of hotspots could provide guidance for formulating regional prevention and control strategies.

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Recombinant neuregulin-1 beta preserves neural stem cell proliferation through extracellular regulated protein kinases signaling pathway in oxygen and glucose deprivation environment

Duo WANG ; Xuemei ZHANG ; Jin FU

Chinese Journal of Endemiology.2016;35(10):736-740. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-4255.2016.10.008

Objective To investigate the influence of recombinant neuregulin-1 beta (rhNRG-1β) on neural stem cell proliferation through extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signaling pathway in oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) environment.Methods Neural stem cells were obtained from embryonic brain of mice pregnant for 14-17 d,cultured and identified by immunochemical staining through detection of the indicator nestin using the SABC-FITC (POD)double standard kit.Neural stem cells were divided into three experiment groups (OGD group,control group and OGD + rhNRG-1β group).Control group:identified neural stem cells,2 × 107,were cultured for 3 h in the 24-hole culture plate with DMEM/F12 complete culture medium;OGD group:neural stem cells,2 × 107,were cultured in the 24-hole culture plate deprived glucose DMEM/F12 in a wet airtight container (37 ℃ constant temperature),cells were cultured with mixed gas of nitrogen (950 ml/L) and oxygen (50 ml/L) for 1 h,and then the culture medium was replaced with complete culture medium and cultured for 3 h;OGD + rhNRG-1β group:before OGD intervention,100 μg/L rhNRG-1β was given for 3 h.Neurospheres formation:the three groups of stem cells were dispersed into single cells,1 × 106/ml cells were inoculated to culture plates containing cover slips coated with poly lysine,and cultivated for 7 d,and neurospheres formation of the 3 groups of neural stem cells was observed under microscope,which was aimed to record neural stem cells proliferation changes.Colony formation:the three groups of stem cells,vaccinated in 60 mm in a petri dish,2 × 107 in number,were cultivated in complete culture medium for 24 h.The colony formation of the three groups of cells was observed under microscope,and neural stem cells proliferation changes were observed.Western blotting:the change of phosphorylation ERK (pERK) protein of the three groups of stem cells was determined,and the effect of pERK protein expression regulated by rhNRG-1β in mice neural stem cells proliferation through ERK signaling pathway was observed.Results Microscopically the primary cultured stem cells grew in single or in pairs,in a round shape;neural stem cell proliferated in clumps or colony;neural stem cells expressed the specificity of nestin protein markers with fluorescent yellow-green color.The differences in the aspects of the average diameter of neurospheres and neurospheres quantity in the neural stem cells between groups were statistically significant (F =693.66,1 002.09,all P ＜ 0.01),and among them the neuropheres formation of OGD group was significantly suppressed.Formation quantity and average diameter in OGD group [(88.78 ± 7.14) numbers,(62.12 ± 2.52) μm] were significantly lower than those in the control group [(246.34 ± 8.67) numbers,(128.45 ± 2.33) μm] and those in OGD + rhNRG-1β group [(237.87 ± 6.61) numbers,(118.37 ± 2.71) μm,all P ＜ 0.01].The difference of colony formation rate of neural stem cell was statistically significant (F =132.03,P ＜ 0.01),and among them colony formation of OGD group significantly suppressed.Formation rate in OGD group [(11.65 ± 0.94)％] was significantly lower than that in the control group [(33.23 ± 2.93)％] and that in OGD + rhNRG-1β group [(31.42 ± 2.61)％,all P ＜ 0.01].Western blotting showed that the difference of pERK protein expression of neural stem cells between groups was statistically significant (F =63.76,P ＜ 0.01).Relative expression of the pERK protein in OGD group (0.487 ± 0.072) was significantly lower than that in the control group (1.013 ± 0.112) and that in OGD + rh-NRG-1β group (1.752 ± 0.278,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion rhNRG-1β preserves neural stem cell proliferation with phosphorylation ERK protein expression up-regulated in oxygen and glucose deprivation environment.

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An outbreak of brucellosis in Chongqing municipality: data analysis of epidemiological survey results

Wenli HUANG ; Bangzhong XIAO ; Fei LUO ; Wei YAN ; Xinshu LI ; Shuang ZHOU

Chinese Journal of Endemiology.2016;35(10):750-753. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-4255.2016.10.011

Objective To master the epidemic prevalence and the risk factors of brucellosis in animals and human,and to provide a basis for making prevention strategies and measures to brucellosis in Chongqing Municipality.Methods Qijiang and Wansheng district of Chongqing Munipality were selected as investigation points.Feeding status of goats in feedlots was investigated,and blood samples of goats were collected for laboratory testing.Epidemiological survey in employees on feedlots,family members closely exposed with goats,and other focus groups such as stockbreeding and veterinary was conducted,and blood samples was collected for laboratory testing according to the principle of informed consent.Clinical features of infested persons were investigated.Blood samples were screened by plate agglutination test (RBPT) and tube agglutination test (SAT).Results A total of 582 households in the two districts were investigated.The number of positive households was 40 households.The positive rate of the households was 6.87％.A total of 20 105 goat blood samples were tested.Of them,989 blood samples tested positive.The positive rate was 4.92％.A total of 337 blood samples of the risk population from 22 towns of the two districts were tested.Of them,45 samples were positive,and the positive rate was 13.35％.Eleven people were active patients of brucellosis.The epidemic sites were distributed in 16 towns,which accounted for 73.73％.The difference of the positive rates between the two districts was not significant (x2 =0.37,P ＞ 0.05).The positive rate of brucellosis among male and female was 11.57％ (28/242) and 17.89％ (17/95),respectively.The age of brucellosis infection distributed from 2 years old to 83 years old.One preschool child and 3 students were identified positive.The positive rate of brucellosis among feeder was the highest,which accounted for 31.75％ (40/125).The difference of positive rate of brucellosis among different professions was significant (x2 =63.40,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There is not a brucellosis case among animals or people reported in Chongqing non epidemic areas of brucellosis,but there are lots of infection.Surveillance and prevention of brucellosis should be strengthened in Chongqing.

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Investigation and analysis of brucellosis infection in non-occupational population in Tongxiang City of Zhejiang Province

Hongfang ZHANG ; Hua QIAN ; Guohua WANG

Chinese Journal of Endemiology.2016;35(10):754-756. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-4255.2016.10.012

Objective To analyze the cases of brucellosis in non-occupational population in Tongxiang City of Zhejiang Province,and to provide a scientific basis for making strategies in brucellosis prevention and control.Methods Rose bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT) and serum tube agglutination test (SAT) were used to detect brucellosis in the general population who were closely contacted with cases in non-occupational groups and who had brucellosis-related symptoms.If the pathogen result was positive,Brandt strain type identification should be done to analyze the reasons for non-occupational population who infected with brucellosis.Results A total of 7 cases of brucellosis were detected in the non-occupational groups,which accounted for 14.58％ of the total number of cases (7/48).Misdiagnosis was common,seasonal incidence was not obvious,transmission route and population infected were diverse.Conclusion The incidence rate of brucellosis is an upward trend,public brucellosis prevention knowledge should be strengthened,and training in diagnostic and treating skills for medical professionals should be provided.

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