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Differences in expression of Ras1, Rac1 and Rho1 genes between yeast and hyphal phases of Trichosporon asahii

Shanshan CHEN ; Jianfeng ZHOU ; Yong LIAO ; Haitao LI ; Ruili WANG ; Gen BA ; Xuelian LYU ; Rongya YANG

Chinese Journal of Dermatology.2017;50(3):207-210. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4030.2017.03.013

Objective To investigate differences in the expression of Ras 1,Rac1 and Rho1 genes between yeast and hyphal phases of Trichosporon asahii (T.asahii),and to explore their roles in the formation of hyphae.Methods The yeast phase and hyphal phase of T.asahii were cultured and served as yeast phase group and hyphal phase group respectively.Total RNA was extracted from the 2 groups,and real -time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to measure the mRNA expression of Ras1,Rac1 and Rho1.Results The hyphal formation rate was significantly lower in the yeast phase group than in the hyphal phase group (0.40％ ± 0.53％ vs.99.33％ ± 0.57％,t =13.93,P ＜ 0.05).When the mRNA expression of Ras1,Rac1 and Rho1 in the yeast phase group was all set as 1,that in the hyphal phase group was 25.17 ± 10.99,16.81 ± 7.80,42.61 ± 18.50,respectively,with significant differences between the two groups in the three parameters (t =3.81,3.51,3.90,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ras1,Rac1 and Rho1 genes may participate in the regulation of hyphal formation in T.asahii.

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"A case of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto finally diagnosed by molecular identification based on ""ITS"" and ""CAL"" coding regions in combination with phenotypic analysis"

Bilin DONG ; Yao CHEN ; Zhong LIU ; Huifang ZHANG ; Zhongsheng TONG ; Liuqing CHEN ; Dongsheng LI

Chinese Journal of Dermatology.2017;50(3):204-207. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4030.2017.03.012

A 54-year-old female farmer presented with a pea-sized red nodule on the left upper limb near the wrist for 15 days,which occurred after trauma,gradually became swollen and ruptured,and developed into multiple nodules arranged in a chain in 30 days.Skin examination revealed multiple hard purple-red nodules arranged in a line on her left upper limb,some of which were ruptured with a small amount of purulent exndate.Histopathological examination further revealed that the focus of infection manifested as pyogenic granuloma-like inflammation mainly infiltrated with mixed inflammatory cells.Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining showed no fungal structures,including fungal spores,hyphae and asteroid body.The biopsy tissue culture yielded the fungus.According to the morphological analysis of the cultures and results of molecular identification based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and calmodulin (CAL) coding regions,this case was finally diagnosed as lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto.The patient was treated with oral potassium iodide 10％ solution in a dose of 10 ml thrice a day.After 2-month treatment,the patient felt that the lesions were obviously improved,but afterwards she was lost to follow-up.This research report suggests that phenotypic analysis combined with ITS/CAL-based molecular identification can accurately identify Sporothrix schenckii complex at the species level.

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Effect of tea polyphenols on the mRNA and nuclear protein expression of Nrf2/Bach1 in human skin fibroblasts

Bihua LIANG ; Qing LIU ; Na JIANG ; Qianwen ZHANG ; Erting ZHANG ; Huiyan DENG ; Huaping LI ; Runxiang LI ; Zhenjie LI ; Huilan ZHU

Chinese Journal of Dermatology.2017;50(3):199-203. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4030.2017.03.011

Objective To evaluate effects of tea polyphenols on the mRNA and nucleoprotein expression of Nrf2/Bach1 in human skin fibroblasts (HSFs).Methods Some HSFs were incubated with tea polyphenols at different concentrations of 0,2.5,5,10,20 and 40 mg/L for 24 hours.Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was conducted to evaluate the proliferative activity of HSFs to screen the optimal concentration of tea polyphenols.Then,some other HSFs were treated with tea polyphenols at this optimal concentration for 24 hours.Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to determine mRNA expression of Nrf2 and Bach1,Western blot analysis to measure nuclear expression of Nrf2 and Bach1 proteins,and immunofluorescence assay to determine the distribution of Nrf2 and Bach1 protein in the cell nucleus.Results MTT assay showed that 5 mg/L tea polyphenols had no obvious effects on the proliferation of HSFs,so 5 mg/L was chosen as the optimal concentration of tea polyphenols for subsequent experiments.HSFs cultured without tea polyphenols served as control group.After the treatment,the 5-mg/L tea polyphenol group showed significantly decreased mRNA and nuclear protein expression of Bach 1 (mRNA:0.629 ± 0.077 vs.0.940 ± 0.033,t =6.397,P ＜ 0.05;protein:1.424 ± 0.171 vs.16.966 ± 1.702,t =15.730,P ＜ 0.05),but significantly increased mRNA and nuclear protein expression of Nrf2 (mRNA:1.467 ± 0.076 vs.0.977 ± 0.091,t =7.133,P ＜ 0.05;protein:6.929 ± 0.121 vs.3.537 ± 0.126,t =33.636,P ＜ 0.05) compared with the control group.Immunofluorescence assay showed increased accumulation of Nrf2 protein,but decreased accumulation of Bach1 protein in the nucleus.Conclusion Tea polyphenols can promote the mRNA and nuclear protein expression as well as nuclear distribution of Nrf2,but suppress the mRNA and nuclear protein expression as well as nuclear distribution of Bach 1,finally exerting antioxidative effects.

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Effects of 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide in different vehicles on the proliferation and apoptosis of human keloid fibroblasts

Zhouna LI ; Xiangru CHEN ; Zhehu JIN

Chinese Journal of Dermatology.2017;50(3):195-198. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4030.2017.03.010

Objective To evaluate effects of 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide (4-HPR) in different vehicles on the proliferation and apoptosis of human keloid fibroblasts (HKFs).Methods A film-ultrasonic dispersion method was used to prepare 4-HPR liposome solution and 4-HPR microbubbles.Primary HKFs were in vitro treated with the 4-HPR liposome solution at different concentrations of 0-80 mg/L for 6-48 hours,and the proliferative activity of HKFs was evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay.Some other HKFs were divided into 3 experimental groups to be treated with 15 mg/L 4-HPR solution (4-HPR solution group),15 mg/L 4-HPR liposome solution (4-HPR liposome solution group) and 15 mg/L 4-HPR microbubbles (4-HPR microbubble group),respectively,and each group was divided into ultrasonic-treated and-untreated subgroups.HKFs without treatment served as control group.After 24-hour treatment,MTT assay was conducted to evaluate the proliferative activity of HKFs in the above groups,flow cytometry to detect apoptosis of HKFs in all groups except the 4-HPR solution group.Results The 4-HPR liposome solution and 4-HPR microbubbles were successfully prepared.MTT assay showed inhibitory effects of 4-HPR liposome solution at concentrations of 1-80 mg/L on the proliferation of HKFs,and the proliferation inhibition rate was positively associated with the drug concentrations (r =0.633,P ＜ 0.01).After the ultrasonic treatment,inhibitory effects on the proliferation of HKFs significantly differed among the 4-HPR microbubble group,4-HPR solution group and 4-HPR liposome solution group (P ＜ 0.01).The 4-HPR liposome solution group and the 4-HPR microbubble group both showed significantly increased apoptosis rates (21.81％ ± 3.73％,39.79％ ± 1.61％,respectively) compared with the control group (6.18％ ± 0.61％,both P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The 4-HPR microbubbles are successfully prepared,and 4-HPR in different vehicles all can promote HKF apoptosis and suppress HKF proliferation,among which,4-HPR microbubbles in combination with ultrasonic treatment have stronger inhibitory effects than the 4-HPR liposome solution.

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Clinicopathological analysis of six cases of bullous systemic lupus erythematosus

Lian WANG ; Mengmeng LI ; Fei XU ; Wei YAN ; Wei LI

Chinese Journal of Dermatology.2017;50(3):182-185. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4030.2017.03.007

Objective To summarize the clinical features,treatment and prognosis of bullous systemic lupus erythematosus (BSLE).Methods Clinical data were collected from 6 cases of BSLE between May 2009 and September 2015,and were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among the 6 patients,2 were male and 4 were female.The mean age of onset was 34 years.All the 6 patients presented with tense blisters and bullae arising on an erythematous base or normal skin,which were arranged in an annular pattern in 3 patients.The SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score was ＞ 4 in all the 6 patients.Histopathological examination showed subepidermal blisters or fissures in all the patients.Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) revealed continuous linear deposition of immunoglobulin G (IgG),IgM and IgA in all the patients,linear deposition of C3 in 4 patients,and linear deposition of Clq in 2 patients at the basement membrane zone (BMZ).All the 6 patients were treated with oral glucocorticoids and hydroxychloroquine,and 2 patients were additionally treated with cyclophosphamide.During the follow-up period,adverse reactions to different extents were observed in the 6 patients.Conclusions BSLE mainly occurs in young and middle-aged people.Histopathologically,subepidermal blisters or fissures can be observed with linear deposition of IgG,IgM,IgA,or C3 along the basement membrane zone on DIF.

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A comparative split-face study of intense pulsed light versus 595-nm pulsed dye laser in the treatment of post-acne erythema

Hong SU ; Zhi YANG ; Yaxin TAN ; Hang SHI ; Yuan CHEN ; Song JIANG ; Yiqiong ZHANG ; Ying XIONG ; Li HE

Chinese Journal of Dermatology.2017;50(3):177-181. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4030.2017.03.006

Objective To evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy and safety of intense pulsed light (IPL) versus 595-nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) for the treatment of post-acne erythema.Methods A randomized split-face clinical trial was conducted.A total of 20 patients with post-acne erythema were enrolled,and randomized to receive treatment with IPL on one half of the face and 595-nm PDL on the other facial side once every 4 weeks for 3 sessions.Digital photographs were taken using the VISIA,and erythema index was recorded before each treatment and one month after the last treatment.The severity of bilateral facial erythema was evaluated based on a 4-point grading scale before the first treatment and after the last treatment.Pain scores and adverse reactions were recorded using a visual analogue scale (VAS) after each treatment,and a patient satisfaction survey was conducted by questionnaire at the last follow-up.Results The mean erythema index on the IPL side before and after treatment was 472.25 ± 86.02 and 357.15 ±82.71 respectively,and that on the PDL side before and after treatment was 476.40 ± 74.25 and 360.05 ± 64.83 respectively.Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the erythema indices on both treated sides significantly decreased over time (F =197.666,P ＜ 0.001),and the efficacy of IPL was better than that of PDL (F =1 173.909,P ＜ 0.001).Erythema severity grades on the IPL side as well as on the PDL side significantly differed between before and after treatment (Z =28.735,31.450,respectively,both P ＜ 0.001).As VAS showed,the pain score on the PDL side was significantly lower than that on the IPL side (t =2.468,P ＜ 0.05).Among the 20 patients,17 and 15 assessed their improvement as good or excellent after PDL and IPL treatment respectively,but there was no significant difference between the two groups (Z =2.696,P ＞ 0.05).The adverse reactions included erythema,burning sensation,tense sensation,blistering and hyperpigmentation on IPL-treated side,and erythema and purpuric reactions on the PDL-treated side,which all disappeared in a few hours to several days.Conclusions Both IPL and 595-nm PDL are effective and safe for the treatment of post-acne erythema,and are worthy of clinical promotion and application.IPL shows superiority in the efficacy,but elicits higher pain sensation compared with PDL.

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High-throughput sequencing analysis of gut microbiome in patients with severe acne vulgaris and healthy individuals

Huimin YAN ; Huijuan ZHAO ; Duyi GUO ; Chunlei ZHANG ; Wei JIANG

Chinese Journal of Dermatology.2017;50(3):172-176. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4030.2017.03.005

Objective To compare differences of gut microbiome between patients with severe acne vulgaris and healthy individuals by using high-throughput sequencing technology.Methods Stool samples were collected from 10 outpatients with severe acne vulgaris and 10 age-and sex-matched healthy controls.Then,the bacterial DNA was extracted and subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing for the identification of microbial species,and the differences of gut microbiome were compared between the patients and controls.Results There were no significant differences in the diversity of intestinal microflora,but only the relative abundance of a few bacteria differed significantly between the two groups.Gut microbiome in the two groups mainly consisted of Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes,Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria.There were no significant differences in the relative abundance of bacteria at the phylum and genus levels between the two groups.However,the relative abundance of Blautia producta and Coprococcus eutactus at the species level differed remarkably between the two groups.Conclusion No significant differences in the bacterial diversity indices are found,but some bacterial species significantly differ between the patients with severe acne vulgaris and healthy controls.

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Relationship between clinical types and related risk factors in female patients with post-adolescent acne

Huiying LAI ; Lingyi LU ; Xiaoxiao HOU ; Tingting HU ; Qiang JU

Chinese Journal of Dermatology.2017;50(3):167-171. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4030.2017.03.004

Objective To investigate the relationship between clinical types and related risk factors in female patients with post-adolescent acne.Methods Female outpatients with post-adolescent acne aged more than 25 years were enrolled from Department of Dermatology of Renji Hospital between January and October 2016.A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate related risk factors for post-adolescent acne in the females.Skin lesions and clinical types were evaluated by dermatologists.Statistical analysis was carried out by t test for comparison of means between two groups and by chi-square test for comparison of ratios.Results A total of 312 female patients with post-adolescent acne completed the survey,including 268 (85.9％) with mild to moderate acne and 44 (14.1％) with severe acne,241 (77.2％) with persistent acne and 71 (22.8％) with late-onset acne,or 102 (32.7％) with comedonal post-adolescent acne (CPAA) and 210 (67.3％) with papular post-adolescent acne (PPAA).Survey on related risk factors showed that 121 patients reported seasonal factors and 59 (18.9％) patients became worse in summer,and spicy,sweet and fried foods can aggravate the condition in 131 (42％),93 (29.8％) and 85 (27.2％) patients respectively.Other risk factors such as premenstrual period (62.8％,196/312),psychological factors (51.6％,161/312) and exogenous chemical exposures (43.6％,136/312) were complained of by the patients.Furthermore,premenstrual period,diet and constipation were found to be more associated with PPAA compared with CPAA (x2 =4.523,4.068,3.910,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).Exogenous chemical exposures,such as the use of cosmetics,exposure to polluted air environment and occupational hazards,were more associated with CPAA compared with PPAA,as well as with late-onset acne compared with persistent acne (x2 =6.579,9.057,both P ＜ 0.05).In addition,premenstrual exacerbation occurred more frequently in patients with persistent acne compared with those with late-onset ache (x2 =4.512,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The risk factors for the occurrence of female post-adolescent acne are very complex.Premenstrual exacerbation plays a major role in the aggravation of papular and persistent post-adolescent acne,diet and constipation are more associated with PPAA,and exogenous chemical exposures are still be considered in the aggravation of comedonal and late-onset post-adolescent acne.Thus,clinical types should be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of post-adolescent acne in females.

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Clinical analysis of 1 090 cases of rosacea and exploration of new diagnostic criteria for rosacea

Ben WANG ; Ji LI ; Sai YANG ; Yuxuan DENG ; Dan JIAN ; Wei SHI ; Yingxue HUANG ; Fangfen LIU ; Hongfu XIE

Chinese Journal of Dermatology.2017;50(3):162-166. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4030.2017.03.003

Objective To propose a new diagnostic criterion for rosacea based on the analysis of clinical features of rosacea in a large sample.Methods A total of 1 090 Chinese outpatients with rosacea were enrolled from Department of Dermatology of Xiangya Hospital,and their demographic data,clinical manifestations and subjective symptoms were collected.According to results of descriptive analysis,clinical features of rosacea were summarized,and a new diagnostic criterion for rosacea was set up.Then,the sensitivity and specificity of the new diagnostic criterion were verified among 1 200 outpatients clinically characterized by facial erythema.Results Of 1 090 patients with rosacea,131 (12.0％) were male and 959(88.0％) were female,and the average age was 33.5 ± 11.1 years (range,10-66).Among the 1 090 patients,715 (65.6％) had initial lesions on the cheek,of whom,712 (99.6％) had intermittent flushing as the initial symptom,and 689 (96％) had sensitive skin symptoms such as dryness,burning and itching sensations;208 (19.1％) had initial lesions on the perioral region,of whom,204 (98.1％) had persistent erythema as the initial symptom;167 (15.3％) had initial lesions on the nose,of whom,163 (97.6％) had persistent erythema as the initial symptom;in addition,311 (28.5％) had lesions on the ocular region,and only 24 (2.2％) had lesions outside the face on the neck and retroauricular region.Based on these clinical features,a new diagnostic criterion for rosacea was proposed,including 1 major condition (intermittent flushing or persistent erythema on the cheek,perioral region or nose) and 5 minor conditions (1.sensitive skin symptoms such as burning,tingling,drying or itching sensations;2.telangiectasia;3.papules or pustules;4.hypertrophy;5.ocular symptoms).If with the major condition and at least one minor condition were met,patients could be diagnosed with rosacea.After verification among 1 200 patients with facial dermatitis clinically characterized by facial erythema,the new criterion was proved to have a sensitivity of 99.3％ and a specificity of 95.8％.Conclusion A new diagnostic criterion for rosacea with high sensitivity and specificity is proposed,which is worthy of clinical application.

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Detection of M. leprae-specific Antigen with M-Dot-ELISA in Sera from Household Contacts of Leprosy Patients

Yuanhua CAO ; Shinzo IZUMI ; Qinxue WU

Chinese Journal of Dermatology.1994;0(02):-.

We report the results of detecting M. lepraespecific antigen--phenolic glycolipid I (PGL--I) with modified M-Dot-ELISA in sera from 75 cases of household contacts (HC)of leprosy patients, which were all seropositive by Gelatin Particle Agglutination Test (MLPA)and ELISA. The results indicate that: (1 ) 16/75 (21. 3 % ) are antigen positive. The rates of positivity in HC of MB patients are much higher than those in HC of PB patients,the difference (P

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