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Factors Influencing Health-Promotion Behavior in Adolescents.

Mi Sun KIM ; Hyun Sook KANG ; Kyoul Ja CHO

Korean Journal of Child Health Nursing.2004;10(4):496-503.

PURPOSE: This descriptive correlation study was done to investigate adolescent behavior that promotes health and to identify factors influencing this behavior. METHOD: The participants (702) were a conveniently selected sample of second grade high school students. Data were gathered by self-administered questionnaires and the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS program. RESULTS: 1) The score for health-promotion behavior was 2.49 (total possible score = 4). By subcategories, emotional support was the highest (3.02). 2) Of the factors influencing health-promotion behavior, self-efficacy was found to account for 37.5% of the variance, followed by family function, social support, perceived health status and internal health locus of control. Overall, these factors accounted for 50.6% of the variance. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study showed that health-promotion behavior in adolescents was slightly above average. As self-efficacy and family function were identified as major factors in predicting health-promotion behavior, there is a need to consider interventions that will improve self-efficacy and family function.
Adolescent Behavior ; Adolescent* ; Humans ; Internal-External Control ; Statistics as Topic ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

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Elementary Schoolers' Skipping Breakfast.

Young Hae KIM ; Hyeon Ok JU

Korean Journal of Child Health Nursing.2004;10(4):488-495.

PURPOSE: This study is a descriptive study to contribute to children health improvement by finding out the actual state of breakfast and related features of skipping breakfast. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 724 children. The collected data were analyzed through real numbers, percentage, mean and standard deviation, cross tabulation, chi2-test and t-test using the SPSS WIN 10.0. RESULT: The rate of the children's skipping breakfast recorded 48.6%. Related Factors to skipping breakfast were sex, income, mother's education level and father's education level. 53.1% of girls skipped breakfast. In case of the group their family's income was over 3 million won/month and their father graduated college, the rate of skipping breakfast was low significantly. In groups having breast with rice, soup and side dishes, getting up before 7 A.M. and having good eating habit, the rate of skipping breakfast was low significantly. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to induce a desirable breakfast habit by health education about the importance and necessity of breakfast. Therefore, it is supposed that parents should pay attention to their children to form the right eating habits and encourage them not to skip breakfast.
Breakfast* ; Breast ; Child ; Eating ; Education ; Fathers ; Female ; Health Education ; Humans ; Parents ; Child Health

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Influence of Parenting Self-efficacy and Belief in Corporal Punishment on Physical Abuse of Children in Korea.

Kyung Ja HONG ; Hye Young AHN ; Hae Won KIM

Korean Journal of Child Health Nursing.2004;10(4):479-487.

PURPOSE: This survey was done to describe parenting self-efficacy and beliefs in corporal punishment as they are related to child abuse. Also demographic variables that influence child abuse were investigated. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the second week of April 2002. The 160 participants were parents of students in five elementary schools in the J area of Korea. They replied to a structured questionnaire, and 129 replies were included in the final analysis. The WIN SPSS program was used for the analysis. RESULT: Parenting self-efficacy, beliefs in corporal punishment and child abuse showed no significant differences according to gender of the children. Child abuse by parents has significantly negative correlation with parenting self-efficacy (r=-.369, p=.000), socioeconomic states of family(r=-.290, p=.001), educational level of mother(r=-.211, p=.027), educational level of father(r=-.342, p=.000), parent's age(r=-.200, p=.028). Stepwise multiple regression showed that parenting self-efficacy and beliefs in corporal punishment significantly influence child abuse in Korean parents. CONCLUSION: As parenting self-efficacy explained 49.7% of child abuse, it is the most important variable for preventing child abuse. Belief in corporal punishment was the second most important variable in preventing child abuse. These two variables explained 53.3% of variance in child abuse by parents.
Child Abuse ; Child* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Korea* ; Parenting* ; Parents* ; Punishment* ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

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Unmarried Mothers using Social Welfare Facilities.

Shin Jeong KIM ; Soon Ok YANG ; Geum Hee JEONG

Korean Journal of Child Health Nursing.2004;10(4):468-478.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for the development of education programs for unmarried mothers. METHOD: From a group of unmarried mothers using social welfare facilities, 201 participated in this study. The study was done from October 2003 to April 2004 and self-efficacy, self-esteem, sexual knowledge, sexual attitude were measured. RESULTS: 1. On the basis of 100 points, self-efficacy averaged 62.76, self-esteem, 60.96, sexual knowledge, 58.75 and sexual attitude, 71.52. 2. According to the general characteristics of the women, there were significant differences in self-efficacy according to age (F=4.237, p=.006), schooling (F=5.071, p=.007), job prior to pregnancy (F=4.341, p=.002), and family income (F=6.183, p=.002). There was a significant difference in self-esteem according to family income (F=4.243, p=.016). There were significant differences in sexual knowledge according to age (F=3.950, p=.009), schooling (F=14.869, p=.000), family income (F=9.304, p=.001), number of pregnancies (t=-2.532, p=.012), and experience of abortion (t=2.775, p=.006), and, in sexual attitude according to schooling (F=7.356, p=.001) and family income (F=7.647, p=.001). 3. There were significant relationships between self-efficacy and self-esteem (r=.598, p=.000), and between sexual knowledge and sexual attitude (r=.569, p=.000). CONCLUSION: Pregnancy prevention programs should include sexual education and interventions designed to increase self-efficacy and self-esteem.
Education ; Female ; Humans ; Illegitimacy* ; Pregnancy ; Single Person* ; Social Welfare* ; Child Health

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Development and Effectiveness Testing of a Program to Promote Self-esteem for Hospitalized School-aged Children.

Jina OH ; Ja Hyung LEE

Korean Journal of Child Health Nursing.2004;10(4):460-467.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a program promoting self-esteem and to determine the effectiveness of the program for hospitalized school-aged children. METHOD: The sample group consisted of 68 hospitalized children in a University Hospital located in Busan. The experimental group was given the program and feedback was obtained 3 times up until the day of discharge. Data were analyzed using t-test and 2-way ANOVA with the SPSS program package. RESULT: There was a significant difference between experimental and control groups in self-esteem. CONCLUSION: It was found that the program promoting self-esteem in school aged children was effective. The program, which was based on learning theory, was shown to be an effective and strong method to promote adjustment in hospitalized school-aged children.
Busan ; Child* ; Child, Hospitalized ; Humans ; Learning ; Child Health

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The Effect of Regular Stimulation on the Reduction of Premature Infant's Apnea.

Hye Sang IM ; Eun Sook PARK

Korean Journal of Child Health Nursing.2004;10(4):451-459.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify how regular stimulation affects apnea of a premature infant. METHOD: This study was used a within-subjects design with repeated measure using GEE (General Estimating Equation) and had been conducted from July 1, 2003 to March 12, 2004. The subjects consisted of 11 apneic premature infants who had showed apnea more than twice for 12 hours. A regularly vibrating test lung was provided to the subjects to find how regular stimulation affects apnea. RESULT: From the result of regular stimulation for apneic premature infants, both the lowest SaO2 and the lowest heart rate at experimental period were found to be increased significantly. However, the decreased frequency of the apnea cases was not statistically effective. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that regular stimulation for apneic premature infants could be effective on increasing both SaO2 and heart rate. Therefore, we suggest regular stimulation to be used clinically to heal apnea of premature infants.
Apnea* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Lung ; Child Health

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A Study on the Awareness of Gender Equality and Personality Traits in Students in Upper Grades of Elementary School.

Young Bog PARK ; Kyoul Ja CHO

Korean Journal of Child Health Nursing.2004;10(4):442-450.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relation between personality traits and awareness of gender equality. METHOD: A descriptive survey design was used and 688 students in fifth and sixth grades in 3 elementary schools were selected as participants. RESULT: 1. Level of gender equality awareness among the students was 2.82. This is higher than average and was most influenced by awareness of family life, followed by awareness in education, work environment and social-cultural life. 2. Students with higher levels of extraversion-introversion had higher levels of awareness of gender equality in family life, work environment, and education. Students with higher levels of tough-mindedness showed lower levels of gender equality awareness in family life and work environment, while those with higher levels of lying showed lower levels of gender equality awareness in social-cultural life. CONCLUSION: Personality traits and awareness of gender equality were correlated to some degree. However, in order to understand the characteristics of childhood personality traits and the behaviors of our children though the mediation of the gender equality awareness as society changes, and to let them grow with understanding of gender equality, it is essential to implement various kinds of education in families, schools, and the society.
Child ; Deception ; Education ; Humans ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Negotiating ; Child Health

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Analysis of Sexuality Content in Textbooks for Students in Lower Grades of Elementary School.

Soon Ok YANG ; Shin Jeong KIM

Korean Journal of Child Health Nursing.2004;10(4):431-441.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a sexuality education course of study for students in the lower grades of elementary school. METHOD: On the basis of the sexuality education guidebook for elementary school students published by Korea Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development, the state-designated textbooks for first to third grade were analyzed. RESULTS: 1) In the category of physical and psychological development, physical development and psychosexual development content were covered, but not sexual health content. 2) In the category of understanding of human relationship, marriage and family, and the opposite sex and love were presented but self-determination and selection were only partially presented. 3) In the category of sexual culture and sexual ethics, sexual role in society was covered, but not social environment or equality of the sexes. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that content on sexuality which is not covered in textbooks for students in lower grades should be included in other school courses or activities in class.
Education ; Ethics ; Humans ; Korea ; Love ; Marriage ; Psychosexual Development ; Reproductive Health ; Sexuality* ; Social Environment ; Staff Development ; Child Health

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Parenting Stress and Needs of Mothers of Children with Atopic Dermatitis.

Il Young YOO ; Dong Hee KIM

Korean Journal of Child Health Nursing.2004;10(4):423-430.

PURPOSE: The main purposes of this descriptive survey study were to describe parenting stress and needs of mothers of children with atopic dermatitis. METHOD: Data were collected from 111 mothers of children under 6 year-old with atopic dermatitis registered at one university affiliated medical center in Seoul. The instruments used for this study were a self-report questionnaire, Parenting Stress Index (PSI) Short Form by Abidin, and an open question to identify nursing needs. Descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation and contents analyses were done. RESULT: The mean score for parenting stress was 77.25 (range: 12-60), for parent domain 31.50 (range: 12-60), Parent-Child domain 21.02 (range: 11-55) and child domain was 24.72 (range: 11-51). There was a significant positive relationship between parenting stress and severity of symptom (r=0.192, p<.005). The maternal stressors included extra housework related to symptom management, treatment related to atopic dermatitis, personality and behavior of child, and financial problems. CONCLUSION: the mothers of children with atopic dermatitis have high parenting stress from various stressors and needs. It is recommended that nursing interventions should include stress management and take into consideration the educational needs of mothers.
Child* ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Housekeeping ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Nursing ; Parenting* ; Parents* ; Seoul ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

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Perception of Parental Role by University Students.

Mi Kyung KWON

Korean Journal of Child Health Nursing.2004;10(4):413-422.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to describe the perception of parental role held by university students and to examine difference in perception of parental role according to student characteristics. METHOD: The participant were 338 university student in Gangreung city. The instrument was developed by researcher and consisted of 4 subcategories ; child rearing environment, parental sensitivity, growth and development of infant, and physical care. Data were collected from May 10 to June 1 in 2004 and were analyzed using SPSS Win 10.0 program. RESULT: The university students' perception of total parental role had a mean item score of 4.02, with 4.12 for parental sensitivity, 4.00 for child rearing environment, 4.00 for physical care and 3.95 for growth and development. There were significant differences in perception of parental role according to sex(t=-5.55, p=.00), grade(F=13.12, p=.00), type of college(F=28.34, p=.00), father's age(F=5.01, p=.00), father's education(F=5.01, p=.00), mother's education(F=3.33, p=.03) student's marriage plan(t=2.37, p=.01) main caretaker(F=9.53, p=.00) person who lived with student in childhood(F=3.62, p=.01) and student's perception of the need for education for parental role(t=3.74, p=.00). CONCLUSION: The impact of childhood experience has lifelong significance on subsequent health and development. Especially, the experience of childhood is highly affected by the quality of parental role. It is important to identify university student's perception of parental role as pre-parent preparation for parenting. Therefore, pre-parent education program are necessary.
Child ; Child Rearing ; Education ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Infant ; Marriage ; Parenting ; Parents* ; Ritodrine ; Child Health

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