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Socioeconomic Indicators Associated with Initiation and Cessation of Smoking among Women in Seoul.

Yu Na KIM ; Young Gyu CHO ; Cheol Hwan KIM ; Jae Heon KANG ; Hyun Ah PARK ; Kyoung Woo KIM ; Yang Im HUR ; Su Hyun LEE ; Yun Min NA ; No Yai PARK

Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2012;33(1):1-8. doi:10.4082/kjfm.2012.33.1.1

BACKGROUND: While smoking prevalence in Korean men has been decreasing, it is increasing in Korean women. Little is known about women's smoking inequalities in Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the association of socioeconomic indicators with the initiation and cessation of smoking among Korean women. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study on 9,089 women aged 25-64 years from the 2008 Seoul Community Health Survey. The data on smoking and socioeconomic status were obtained through face-to-face interviews. Smoking initiation rate was defined as the proportion of the individuals who had started smoking at least one cigarette among all subjects. Smoking cessation rate was calculated by dividing the number of individuals who had quit smoking by the number of ever smokers. Education level, total family income and occupation were investigated as socioeconomic indicators. RESULTS: Education level was significantly associated with both initiation and cessation of smoking. Lower educated women had a higher likelihood of smoking initiation (odds ratio [OR], 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17 to 2.51) but lower likelihood of smoking cessation (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.66) than higher educated women. Smoking initiation rate was higher in manual workers (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.27) than in non-manual workers. However, there were no significant differences of both initiation and cessation of smoking according to total household income. CONCLUSION: This study shows that there are smoking inequalities among Korean women. It is thought that education level and occupation are important determinants of women's smoking status.
Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Occupations ; Prevalence ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Smoking Cessation ; Social Class ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Tobacco Products

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A Case of Successful Correction of Subclavian Steal Syndrome by Percutaneus Transluminal Angioplasty with Stenting Who Found Incidentally Significant Interarm Blood Pressure Difference.

Won Back KIM ; Mi Kyeong OH ; Soo Hee LEE ; Jin ROH ; Haa Gyoung KIM ; Jin Young KIM ; Sang Sig CHEONG ; Seung Mun JUNG

Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2009;30(12):979-984. doi:10.4082/kjfm.2009.30.12.979

A case of successful correction of subclavian steal syndrome by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stenting in a male patient who found incidentally significant interarm blood pressure difference. Small difference in blood pressure (BP) between two arms is a relatively common. Significant interarm BP difference is a potential marker of peripheral vascular disease such as subclavian artery stenosis and a predictor of cardiovascular disease. The subclavian steal syndrome is a condition that results from stenosis of subclavian artery proximal to the vertebral artery. The resulting symptoms are vertebrobasilar insufficiency symptoms due to reversal of blood flow from the contralateral vertebral and basilar artery into the ipsilateral upper extremity vessels and arm ischemic symptoms. Stenotic lesion of subclavian artery has traditionally been treated surgically. However recent trends are undergoing a paradigm shift from open surgery to endovascular approach. We report a patient with subclavian steal syndrome who found incidentally 35 mmHg interarm systolic BP difference. It was successfully treated by percutaneus transradial angioplasty with stenting on stenotic lesion of the subclavian artery.
Angioplasty ; Arm ; Basilar Artery ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Male ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases ; Stents ; Subclavian Artery ; Subclavian Steal Syndrome ; Upper Extremity ; Vertebral Artery ; Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency

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Sung Hee KIM ; Ka Young LEE ; Tae Jin PARK ; Jun Su KIM ; Yeun Mi KIM ; Hea Sook O

Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2009;30(12):972-978. doi:10.4082/kjfm.2009.30.12.972

BACKGROUND: It is not clear which demographic factors would be considered for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Korean women and how women understand the HPV infection. This study was conducted to find the factors related to HIV infection and the realities of follow-up tests and perception among women infected with HPV. METHODS: The subjects were 2,113 women (median 41 years old) who received a Papanicolaou smear and a HPV DNA test at a health promotion center from March 2006 to October 2007. The follow-up rate and perception for HPV infection among women infected by HPV were surveyed using telephone. RESULTS: Overall prevalence of HPV infection was 17.3% (N = 365). However, the prevalence of HPV infection among women younger than 30 years old reached 30.7% (17.6% for low-risk group of HPV, 13.1% for high-risk group of HPV). The odds for being infected with HPV was 3.2 (95% confidence interval, 2.0 to 5.2) among unmarried women younger than 30 years old compared to those at the ages of 30 years or older. Married women younger than 30 years were also 2.1-4.3 times more likely to be infected with low-risk group of HPV compared to those aged 30 years or older. Among those infected with HPV and answered to the survey (N = 282), 51.4% took irregular gynecologic follow-up and 66.2% did not have information for the need or importance of follow-up examination. CONCLUSION: The risk of being infected with HPV seems to be higher for unmarried women younger than 30 years old. Additionally, a standardized guideline should be provided to improve follow-up examination and knowledge about HPV infection.
Aged ; Demography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Health Promotion ; HIV Infections ; Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests ; Humans ; Papilloma ; Prevalence ; Single Person ; Telephone ; Vaginal Smears ; Viruses

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Correlation between Endoscopic Severity of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and Indexes of Obesity.

Ki Byung LEE ; Keunmi LEE ; Seung Pil JUNG

Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2009;30(12):962-971. doi:10.4082/kjfm.2009.30.12.962

BACKGROUND: There are many reports that obesity could be associated with gastoesophageal reflux disease (GERD) but the outcomes are controversial and the studies on correlation between endoscopic severity of GERD and obesity are rare. Therefore, we investigated the association between endoscopic severity of GERD and indexes of obesity. METHODS: Among the subjects who visited a health promotion center of a general hospital from January 2007 to March 2008, a total of 527 subjects with typical symptoms of GERD who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and analysis of body composition were enrolled. The endoscopic severity of GERD was classified depending on LA grading classification system. RESULTS: Among 527 subjects, 125 subjects were classified with Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) while 254, 105, and 43 subjects were classified as LA grade A, B, and C group, respectively. Men and frequent alcohol drinkers (> or = 5 times/week) were likely to be in higher endoscopic severity group (OR, 2.065 and 2.394, respectively; P < 0.05). If the subject was obese by BMI and waist circumference, it showed a higher possibility of belonging to the higher endoscopic severity group (OR, 2.319 and 2.596, respectively; P < 0.001). In the case of %body fat, the obesity group was more likely to be in the higher endoscopic severity group only in men (OR, 1.906; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Indexes of obesity such as BMI, %body fat (only in men), and waist circumference were related with endoscopic severity of GERD and this relationship is more apparent in men and alcohol drinkers (> or = 5 times/week).
Body Composition ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Health Promotion ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; Waist Circumference

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Factors Contributing Patients' 'Self Requested Referral' in University Hospital Family Medicine Clinic.

Hyun Jung CHOI ; Jun Su KIM ; Ji Yeon JUNG ; Ka Young LEE ; Tae Jin PARK

Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2009;30(12):951-961. doi:10.4082/kjfm.2009.30.12.951

BACKGROUND: After the referral system had been established, a tendency of patients who prefer to consult themselves to a specialist with 'self requested referral' is increasing in university hospital family medicine clinics. This study was conducted to know which factors of patients who for the first time visited university hospital family medicine clinic to require medical request for 'self requested referral' to a specialist influence 'self requested referral' tendency. METHODS: Among 905 patients, 647 agreed to the questionnaire were included in this study. We divided the patients in two, the 'self requested referral' group and the 'general patients' group that does not. Patients completed a four-item, self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: 'Self requested referral' group tended to have no experience in family medicine and tended to be negative about the need for family medicine (P < 0.001) The factors that have effect on 'self requested referral' are age, occupation, education, experience of family medicine, and recognition degree of necessity of family medicine. Patients in 20-39 of age, who were white colored, higher education had higher tendency of 'self requested referral' and patients who had no experience in family medicine and lower degree of recognition about the necessity of family medicine had higher tendency of 'self-referral'. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to find ways to increase satisfaction of patients who have factors that have effect on their 'self requested referral' tendency such as age, occupation, education, experience of family medicine, and degree of recognition about the necessity of family medicine.
Humans ; Occupations ; Referral and Consultation ; Specialization ; Surveys and Questionnaires

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Evaluation of Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool Usefulness as a Screening Test for Osteoporosis in Korean Men.

Chang Hun LEE ; Seung Won OH ; Jeung Hwan SEUNG ; Hyun Jin DO ; Youl Lee LYM ; Jae Kyung CHOI ; Hee Kyung JOH ; Hyuk Jung KWEON ; Dong Yung CHO

Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2009;30(12):944-950. doi:10.4082/kjfm.2009.30.12.944

BACKGROUND: This study was done to determine whether the Osteoporosis Self-assessment Tool (OST) can predict central bone mineral density in Korean men above 50 years, as defined by dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry (DXA). METHODS: We applied the OST index to Korean men aged over 50 in Health Promotion Center of Konkuk University Hospital from September 2005 to September 2008. The calculated OST risk index was based on weight and age, truncated to an integer. RESULTS: The study population was 276 men. The mean age, height and weight of the men were 59.7 +/- 6.69 years, 167.6 +/- 6.14 cm and 67.5 +/- 8.93 kg respectively. By DXA, 4.7% of the men had a T score of -2.5 or less, and 46.4% had a T score of -2 or less at the spine, total hip, or femoral neck. The OST index ranged from -4 to 7. Using a cutoff score of 0, we predicted osteoporosis with a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 62%. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed an area under the curve of 0.77. When the subjects were analyzed by age and smoking status, the predictive value of the OST was maintained. CONCLUSION: The OST is a simple and useful method to predict osteoporosis in Korean men.
Aged ; Bone Density ; Femur Neck ; Health Promotion ; Hip ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Osteoporosis ; ROC Curve ; Self-Assessment ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Spine

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What Types of Dietary Supplements Are Used in Korea? Data from the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2005.

Hoon Ho YI ; Hyun Ah PARK ; Jae Heon KANG ; Joo Ho KANG ; Kyung Woo KIM ; Young Gyu CHO ; Hye Ryoung SONG ; Jung Sun LEE

Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2009;30(12):934-943. doi:10.4082/kjfm.2009.30.12.934

BACKGROUND: Dietary supplements affect the health and disease status of Koreans. We assessed the patterns of dietary supplements use and the related factors in Korean adults from the 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES). METHODS: Among the subjects, 2,024 men and 2,811 women underwent all the three parts of 2005 KNHANES, which consisted the health survey, the health examination, and the nutritional survey. Reported supplements were classified according to the 2008 Korea Food and Drug Administration Notification. We assessed the relationship between supplements use and socioeconomic state, health behaviors, and chronic diseases. RESULTS: Twenty-nine percent of Korean adults was taking dietary supplements. Vitamin/mineral supplements were the most commonly taken one. Glucosamine/mucopolysaccharide, ginseng, spirulina/chlorella, omega-3, and aloe followed in listing. Supplement users were likely to be woman and middle-aged. Supplement use was associated with older, high income, with spouse, higher education, urban-living, regular exercise, non-smoker, and lower BMI. Musculoskeletal diseases were associated with supplement use. CONCLUSION: Dietary supplement use is prevalent in Korean adults. The supplement use was associated with some demographics characteristics, health behavior, and chronic diseases. These factors should be considered when evaluating the efficacy of dietary supplements.
Adult ; Aloe ; Chronic Disease ; Demography ; Dietary Supplements ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; Nutrition Surveys ; Panax ; Spouses ; United States Food and Drug Administration

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Risk Factors and Assessment of Low Bone Mass in the Young Adult Female.

Hee Jeong CHOI

Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2009;30(12):924-933. doi:10.4082/kjfm.2009.30.12.924

Although low bone mass and accelerated bone loss can occur early in life, osteoporosis is usually considered a disorder of postmenopausal women. However, some premenopausal women are also at risk for osteoporosis. Because of a lack of knowledge and few practice recommendations for premenopausal women, it can be more difficult to determine the potential risk and to manage the low bone mass in these women. Low bone density in the young adult female may reflect attainment of a lower peak bone mass or be secondary to progressive bone loss following attainment of peak bone density. Early bone health is a key determinant of future osteoporosis, optimizing the bone gain by young adulthood and minimizing the bone loss by menopause is the important preventive strategies. Low bone mass in the young adult female may be associated with prolonged amenorrhea, anorexia nervosa, chronic glucocorticoid therapy and diseases that affect calcium and vitamin D metabolism. Also, bone loss may be associated with common conditions such as smoking, dieting, low calcium intake, and low physical activity. This review addresses peak bone mass accrual, risk factors, screening or evaluation and management of low bone mass in young adult female.
Amenorrhea ; Anorexia Nervosa ; Bone Density ; Calcium ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Menopause ; Motor Activity ; Osteoporosis ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Vitamin D ; Young Adult

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Selective Reporting and Clinical Trial Registry.

Soo Young KIM

Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2009;30(12):923-923. doi:10.4082/kjfm.2009.30.12.923

No abstract available.

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Virilizing Adrenocortical Carcinoma Advancing to Central Precocious Puberty after Surgery.

Min Sun KIM ; Eu Jeen YANG ; Dong Hyu CHO ; Pyung Han HWANG ; Dae Yeol LEE

Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2015;36(3):150-153. doi:10.4082/kjfm.2015.36.3.150

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) in pediatric and adolescent patients is rare, and it is associated with various clinical symptoms. We introduce the case of an 8-year-old boy with ACC who presented with peripheral precocious puberty at his first visit. He displayed penis enlargement with pubic hair and facial acne. His serum adrenal androgen levels were elevated, and abdominal computed tomography revealed a right suprarenal mass. After complete surgical resection, the histological diagnosis was ACC. Two months after surgical removal of the mass, he subsequently developed central precocious puberty. He was treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist to delay further pubertal progression. In patients with functioning ACC and surgical removal, clinical follow-up and hormonal marker examination for the secondary effects of excessive hormone secretion may be a useful option at least every 2 or 3 months after surgery.
Acne Vulgaris ; Adolescent ; Adrenocortical Carcinoma* ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Hair ; Humans ; Male ; Penis ; Puberty, Precocious* ; Virilism

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