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Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness with Insulin Resistance, Blood Lipids and Bone Mineral Density in Young Female Adults.

Hea Gin CHOI

The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2010;28(1):25-30.

Whether cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with insulin resistance, blood lipids, and bone mineral density remain less clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and insulin resistance, blood lipids, and bone mineral density in young female adults. Twenty-two female adults (body mass index: 21.62+/-2.23, age: 20.05+/-1.81) participated in this study. Harvard step test was assessed, and fasting glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured. Pearson product-moment correlation, partial correlation, simple linear regression and Dubin Watson test were used to investigate the association of cardiorespiratory fitness with insulin resistance, blood lipids and BMD to examine the statistical significant. Cardiorespiratory fitness was significantly associated with LDL-C, insulin, T-score and insulin resistance, respectively. In conclusion, young female adults who have lower level of cardiorespiratory fitness were more likely to have higher LDL-C and insulin and lower BMD and insulin resistance. This study suggests that not only prevention of obesity but also promoting cardiorespiratory fitness and bone density are important for the health of young female adults.
Adult ; Bone Density ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Exercise Test ; Fasting ; Female ; Glucose ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Linear Models ; Lipoproteins ; Obesity

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An Analysis of Upper Limbs Injury Types of Snowboarding in 2004-2008 Season.

Moo Sung HYUN ; Han Sang JUNG

The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2010;28(1):17-24.

The following conclusions deduced from the data of upper limbs injured persons 966 (total: 2,294) who visited first aid center located in ski resort in Kangwon province during every winter season from 2004 to 2008. The researcher themselves looked into the data accumulated and organized with respect to frequent types, and frequent parts of upper limbs injury. The most frequently injured body parts found from this investigation were upper limbs (42.1%), trunk region (30.7%), lower limbs (27.2%) in order. The injury of upper limbs (42.1%, n=966) was the most frequently cited snowboard injury. Among the patients of upper limbs injury, the male comprised of 23.9% (n=549) and female comprised 18.2% (n=417). The common parts of injuries were hands (50.3%, n=486) and shoulder (17.6%, n=170). the general types of injury of hands were fracture (15.4%, n=149), sprain and ligament injury (13.0%, n=126), dislocation (12.5%, n=121), contusion (7.9%, n=76), laceration (1.4%, n=14) in order.
Contusions ; Dislocations ; Female ; First Aid ; Hand ; Health Resorts ; Human Body ; Humans ; Lacerations ; Ligaments ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Seasons ; Shoulder ; Skiing ; Sprains and Strains ; Upper Extremity

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The Comparison of Injury Pattern and Risk in First Time Skiers and Snowboarders.

Dae Moo SHIM ; Tae Kyun KIM ; Young LEE ; Chul Min LIM

The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2010;28(1):10-16.

The purpose of this study was to explore the risk and pattern of injury which can happen to first time skier and snowboarder. From December 2006 to March 2008, questionnaires were provided to 7,786 patients injured from skiing or snowboarding and hospitalized. First time and experienced groups were distinguished through questionnaire and accidental reports. The differences in incidence, cause of injury, affected body region, type of injury, and severity of injury were compared between the two groups. Falling or slip down was the most common cause of injury in first timers, while collision with person was most common in experienced. Injured sites were similar in both ski and snowboard with arm and wrist as the most frequent injured body region. Sprain and contusion were the most common injury type for both groups. However, the incidence of ligament injury was higher in the first time skiers and concussion and dislocation in the first time snowboarders compared to the experienced. In conclusion, beginners in skiing and snowboarding happened to show different cause and features of injury compared to the experienced. Therefore beginners need effective programs differed from the ones of experienced, such as mentioning risks of skiing and snowboarding and reserving a porting of slopes to the beginners. Moreover, It is necessary to develop and effectively use protective gear in order to secure elbow joint and wrist eminence.
Arm ; Body Regions ; Contusions ; Dislocations ; Elbow Joint ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ligaments ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Skiing ; Sprains and Strains ; Wrist

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnosis in Sports Injuries.

Seoung Oh YANG ; Seon Kwan JUHNG

The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2010;28(1):1-9.

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is widely applied to diagnose sport-related injuries including bone and soft-tissue injuries. Because the MR characteristics of hydrogen nuclei depend upon on their local tissue environment, soft tissue structures of similar density may exhibit difference in signal intensity (brightness on image). This enables MRI to get high soft-tissue contrast resolution superior to other imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT). Advantages of MRI are its capacity to depict occult bone trauma or bone bruise and ligamentous or tendinous injuries that are not visible on conventional radiographs. MRI does not expose the patient to radiation dose, so it can be used safely for pediatric patients. In this review, we will discuss on the osseousand soft-tissue injuries of the extremities which could be helpful from MRI in various clinical situations.
Athletic Injuries ; Contusions ; Extremities ; Humans ; Hydrogen ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Magnetics ; Magnets ; Sports

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Medial Malleolar Stress Fracture in Athlete.

Dong Ik SONG ; Soon Hyuck LEE ; Woong Kyo CHUNG ; Dae Hee LEE

The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2010;28(1):68-70.

The stress fracture is a disease which results from the repeated application of an abnormal stress to the normal bone, typically occurs in metatarsal bone, tibia, fibular and femur, but medial malleolus is rare. We report a case of stress fracture of medial malleolus in 22-year old wrestler.
Animals ; Ankle ; Athletes ; Athletic Injuries ; Femur ; Fractures, Stress ; Humans ; Metatarsal Bones ; Tibia

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Arthroscopic Stabilization Using Remplissage Technique in Recurrent Shoulder Instability with Large Hill-Sachs Lesion.

Sang Hun KO ; Sung Do CHO ; Hyung Min JEON ; Han Chang PARK

The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2010;28(1):64-67.

The glenohumeral bone deficiency plays an important role in the failure of arthroscopic shoulder stabilization procedures. Recently, several authors have described more novel approaches to treat the engaging Hill-Sachs lesion. Presented the 'Remplissage' technique that consists of an arthroscopic posterior capsulodesis and infraspinatus tenodesis to fill the Hill-Sachs lesion in addition to an arthroscopic Bankart repair. We report an arthroscopic technique in recurrent shoulder instability with large Hill-Sachs lesion with posterior capsulodesis and infraspinatus tenodesis.
Arthroscopy ; Shoulder ; Tenodesis

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Combined Effect of High Intensity Exercise and (-) Epigallocatechin-3-gallate of Green Tea Supplementation on Heme Oxygenase-1 in the Large Intestine of SD Rats.

Suck Jun CHOI ; Gyoung Wan LEE

The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2010;28(1):57-63.

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of combined treatment with high intensity exercise and (-) epigallocatechin-3 gallate (EGCG), a potent free radical scavenger on a transcriptional level of hemoxygenase-1 gene in the large intestine. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group (CON, n=7), high intensity exercise group (HIE, n=7), EGCG group (EGCG, n=7), and EGCG plus high intensity exercise group (HIE + EGCG, n=7). Animals were given an intraperitoneal injection of EGCG with 50 mg of dosage per kg for four weeks 30 minutes before exercise. In order to induce HIE animals were allowed to ran on a treadmill with 0 degree of slope at speed of 28 m/min for 30 minutes. The exercise was performed four times a week for four week. The results of this study were as following; The expression level of hemoxygenase-1 mRNA of the high intensity exercise group was 15.21 times higher than that of the control group. The EGCG plus high intensity exercise group showed 5.98 times increased expression level of hemoxygenase-1 mRNA than control group. These results suggest that treatment of EGCG decrease the expression level of HO-1 mRNA through the removal of oxygen radicals produced by a high intensity exercise.
Animals ; Catechin ; Heme ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Intestine, Large ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; RNA, Messenger ; Tea

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The Analysis of Electromyography Pattern according to Foot Orthotic Type.

Jong Yul PARK ; Hong Jae LEE ; Gon Sung MOON

The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2010;28(1):50-56.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the muscle activities and gait pattern in lower limb depending on the orthotic type. Using electromyography (EMG), we evaluated muscle activities in 12 healthy men volunteered for this experiment. Surface electrodes were used to record the level of muscle activities in the tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius (GCM), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateral (VF), biceps femoris (BF) muscles during the gait. These signals were compared with % reference voluntary contraction (%RVC) which was normalized by integrated EMG (IEMG). The Gait cycle were divided into seven phases: loading response (LR), mid stance, terminal stance, pre swing (PS), initial swing (IS), mid swing, terminal swing. The results can be summarized as follows; there were increase of TA and GCM muscle during loading response phase & mid stance phase. There were increase of TA and BF muscle during terminal stance phase, pre swing phase, initial swing phase, mid swing phase and terminal swing phase.
Contracts ; Electrodes ; Electromyography ; Foot ; Gait ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Muscles ; Quadriceps Muscle

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Relationship of C-Reactive Protein to Muscle Strength in Elderly Men: A Cross-Sectional Study in Korea.

Do Kyung KIM ; Won Hah PARK

The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2010;28(1):44-49.

Decline in muscle mass and muscle strength characterizes normal aging. As clinical studies show a relationship between high C-reactive protein (CRP) level and low muscle mass. The aim of this study was to investigate whether CRP level of inflammatory markers is associated with muscle strength in older persons by cross-sectional analysis with a sample 170 elderly men. We measured CRP levels, included isokinetic knee extensor strength and isometric back extensor strength among the subjects. Lower extremity strength (Isokinetic test) and lumber extensor muscle strength (Isometric test). From the result of this study, higher CRP level was generally associated with lower muscle strength and was significantly correlated with knee extensor strength and knee flexor strength (r=-0.353, r=-0.342, respectively). It was moderately correlated with lumbar extensor muscle strength (r=-0.233, p=0.05). After adjustment for covariates, higher CRP level was associated with knee strength and back extensor strength. Higher CRP level were generally associated with muscle strength in older men. Higher CRP level may contribute to the loss of muscle mass and strength that accompanies aging.
Aged ; Aging ; C-Reactive Protein ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Korea ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Muscle Strength ; Muscles

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The Effect of Forward and Backward Treadmill walking Training on Muscular Strength of Lower Extremities before and after Exhausting Exercise.

Ho Youl RYU ; Bum Chul YOON ; Sung Kyu PARK ; Hae Chan PARK ; Sung Jin YOON

The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2010;28(1):37-43.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological effects of forward and backward walking training on lower extremity muscle strength before and after exhausting exercise. Fourteen healthy male adults were randomly divided into backward walking (BW, n=7) and forward walking (FW, n=7) training groups. Each group took part in pre-test consisted of knee extensor and flexor isokinetic peak torque (PT), total work (TW), electromyography (EMG) before and after exhausting exercise. Exhausting exercise was used to measure lower extremity endurance, which is incremental treadmill running using the Bruce protocol. The BW and FW training groups participated in a 6 weeks training program, consisted of 3 sessions per week for a total of 18 sessions. After finishing the training program, the post-test was performed using the same method. BW training group showed significant increases in knee extensor/flexor PT (4.6%/13.9%), TW (17.34%), EMG (35.9%) before exhausting exercise and PT (23.9%/18.8%), TW (46.7%), EMG (59.8%) after exhausting exercise. But FW training group did not show a significant increase in knee extensor/flexor PT (0.1%/3.2%), TW (1.8%), EMG (10.9%) before exhausting exercise and PT (2%/1%), TW (5.6%), EMG (17.2%) after exhausting exercise. BW training has positive effects on lower extremity muscle strength, especially muscle endurance that is important to prevent muscle weakness during competitive sports.
Adult ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Knee ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Muscle Strength ; Muscle Weakness ; Muscles ; Running ; Sports ; Torque ; Walking

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