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Muscular Injury of Iliacus and Gluteus Maximus after Mountain Climbing.

Ho Seung JEON ; Young Kyun WOO ; Suk Ha HWANG ; Seung Pyo SUH ; Joon Kyung LEE

The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2014;32(1):65-67. doi:10.5763/kjsm.2014.32.1.65

Iliacus muscle is the strongest hip flexor of gluteal region that acts with psoas muscle, whereas gluteus maximus muscle is the largest muscle engaged in extension and external rotation of the hip. Mountaineering requires strong contractile force of both flexor and extensor around the hip. A 57-year-old man presented to our hospital with severe pain in left groin after mountaineering for 5 hours without a break. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed incomplete rupture of iliacus muscle and strain of gluteus maximus muscle. Conservative treatment was done. At 3 months of follow-up, he returned to normal life. If we are going to climb mountain, it is important to start warming up with some stretches, take a break while climbing, and use climbing sticks. There have been no report about athletic injury of both iliacus and gluteus maximus after mountaineering. So we report this case with a review of the literature.
Athletic Injuries ; Buttocks ; Follow-Up Studies ; Groin ; Hip ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Mountaineering ; Psoas Muscles ; Rupture

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Osteochondral Lesion of Humeral Head Associated with Shoulder Internal Impingement: Report of Three Cases.

Jun Bum KIM ; Jong Suk PARK ; Chang Hwa HONG ; Sai Won KWON ; Jae Wan SOH ; Jae Hwi NHO ; Chang Ju LEE

The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2014;32(1):59-64. doi:10.5763/kjsm.2014.32.1.59

Internal impingement syndrome is characterized by the posterior shoulder pain when the arm is abducted and external rotated, and articular partial rotator cuff tear with posterosuperior labral fraying in throwing athletes. Osteochondral lesion of humeral head as an associated lesion is reported in some cases but, not considered to be a main origin of the symptoms. We found the similar features of osteochondral lesion on humeral head in three cases of internal impingement syndrome irrespective of conservative treatment for over three months and report good results obtained from arthroscopic debridement and microfracturing for these lesions with a review of the literatures.
Arm ; Athletes ; Cartilage Diseases ; Debridement ; Humans ; Humeral Head* ; Rotator Cuff ; Shoulder Pain ; Shoulder*

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Acute Brachialis Tear and Hematoma Caused by Closed Acute Elbow Posterior Dislocation.

Hong Jun JUNG ; Se Hyuk IM ; Seok Woo NAM ; Hyun See KIM ; Sung Wook YANG

The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2014;32(1):55-58. doi:10.5763/kjsm.2014.32.1.55

This report was designed to investigate a rare case that brachialis tear and hematoma caused by acute elbow posterior dislocation. We studied a 20-year-old male patient with right elbow joint pain after outstretched injury. Physical examination showed instability of hright elbow joint and simple radiography indicated a posterolateral dislocation of right elbow joint. Computed tomography taken after closed reduction using Parvin technique revealed a few small bone fragment located on posterior humerus capitulum. Magnetic resonance imaging showed complete tear of brachialis and anterior articular capsule with hematoma. The patient was managed with long arm splint and hinge brace for an elbow dislocation with brachialis rupture and hematoma. The elbow joint range of motion was recovered to be in a normal range, and pain was diminished. There are few reported cases of acute elbow posterior dislocation combined with brachialis rupture and hematoma. The patient showed good clinical outcome after conservative treatment.
Arm ; Braces ; Dislocations* ; Elbow Joint ; Elbow* ; Hematoma* ; Humans ; Humerus ; Joint Capsule ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Radiography ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Reference Values ; Rupture ; Splints ; Young Adult

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The Effect of Visual Information Provision on the Changes of Electromyogram Activity in Trunk and Lower Leg Muscles during Dynamic Balance Control.

Mihee WON ; Myeongchul KIM ; Songjun KIM ; Jongsam LEE

The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2014;32(1):44-54. doi:10.5763/kjsm.2014.32.1.44

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of electromyogram activity of trunk and lower leg muscles during dynamic balance control in 20 healthy adult subjects when various experimental visual conditions were applied. Surface electromyography system was used for recording of any signals produced by muscles. Muscle activity was recorded from muscles, of which left and right sides of rectus abdominis, external obliques, longissimus thoracis, multifidus, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius medialis, and tibialis anterior, and then normalized as percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction. All data obtained from experiment were analyzed using SPSS ver. 20.0, and two-way analysis of variance were used to determine statistical significance between two factors (3x2 factorial analysis, visual conditions vs. leg conditions). Statistical significance levels were set at alpha=0.05. There were significant different in biceps femoris and external obliques muscle's activities between right and left leg, showing more prominent reduction in left leg when blind vision condition was given. Significantly higher muscle activities were shown in both sides of multifidus (p<0.05), vastus medialis (p<0.001), tibialis anterior (p<0.001) and gastrocnemius medialis (p<0.001) with sighted vision and blanking vision compared to the condition of blind vision. These results confirmed that muscle activity is prominently stimulated by visual information provision, and this implies that visual input may be a major factor for maintaining of the body's balance control.
Adult ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Isometric Contraction ; Leg* ; Muscles* ; Paraspinal Muscles ; Quadriceps Muscle ; Rectus Abdominis

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A Preliminary Study on Musculoskeletal Pain in K-League Referees: A Complete Survey.

Hae Yong PARK ; Young In CHOI

The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2014;32(1):37-43. doi:10.5763/kjsm.2014.32.1.37

The environment around working process of the referees during matches will burden him or her physically by doing specific actions frequently and give negative effects on musculoskeletal system. In order to find out musculoskeletal pain has occurred on specific muscles, surveys have been taken by 44 referees in K-league for this thesis. We evaluated the differences between referee and assistant referee. Fourteen (87.5%) referees and twenty-four (89.3%) assistant referees stated that they had one musculoskeletal pain. For referees, 43.8% had hamstring pains, 31.3% had calf muscle pains, and 25% had low back pains. For assistant referees, 39.3% felt knee pains, 32.1% had adductors pains, 28.5% felt calf muscle pains. Therefore, with the data analysis by dividing their roles, both groups had similar effect on hamstring and knee joint. For the question asking for the personal reasons of the pains were 61.4% of 'Carelessness of physical fitness', 47.7% of 'repetition of certain actions', and 43.2% of 'lack of treatment after being damaged'. Also, in order to prevent pain, the referees answered that they train personally (40.9%), rest appropriately (20.5%), and go to hospital for treatment (18.2%). After receiving the result of this study, training programs and education are needed to prevent pain. Moreover, on the next study, fundamental causes of the pains should be found by using history taking, physical examination, medical and scientific machines in order to analyze the movements of the referees' human dynamics.
Education ; Football ; Humans ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Low Back Pain ; Muscles ; Musculoskeletal Pain* ; Musculoskeletal System ; Myalgia ; Physical Examination ; Statistics as Topic

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Analysis on Structural Variation and Disability Index of Spinal-Pelvic in the High School Students with Low Back Pain.

Young Moo NA ; Tae Won YOO ; Seon Hee IM ; Seung Ho CHOI ; Hyung Tae IM ; Young Jae CHO ; Hee Seong JEONG

The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2014;32(1):27-36. doi:10.5763/kjsm.2014.32.1.27

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence rate of low back pain (LBP) in the high school students and to analyze the differences and correlations with the spinal-pelvic structural variations and disability index with LBP. The subjects are 499 high school students (236 males, 263 females: mean age, 16.38 years). They were assessed for LBP with the numerical rating scale (NRS) and for disability with the Korean version Oswestry disability index (KODI). All subjects were to take the plain radiographic examination for spinal-pelvic structural variations including thoracic, lumbar, thoracolumbar Cobb's angle, lumbar lordotic curve, sacral slope, pelvic tilt and pelvic incidence. All subjects were divided into two groups by NRS scores (0, 1=no/minimum pain group [NMP group], 2-10=low back pain group [LBP group]). The prevalence rate of LBP of all subjects was 56.7% (n=283). NRS and total KODI scores were higher in the LBP group (3.38 cm/11.83%) than NMP group (0.07 cm/2.74%) (p<0.001). In the spinal-pelvic structural variations analysis, the thoracic Cobb's angle was significantly high in LBP group (p<0.05), but others were shown no differences between the both groups (p>0.05). NRS had significantly positive correlation with KODI (p<0.001). NRS and KODI did not demonstrate any correlations with spinal-pelvic structural variations (p>0.05). In conclusion, this study showed high prevalence rate of LBP in the high school students, but did not show significant correlations with the spinal-pelvic structural variations and disability index.
Back Pain ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Low Back Pain* ; Male ; Prevalence

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Evaluation of Pain and Ultrasonography on Shoulder in Poliomyelitis Wheelchair Basketball Players.

Kil Byung LIM ; Jeehyun YOO ; Hong Jae LEE ; Ji Heoung LEE ; Yong Geol KWON

The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2014;32(1):20-26. doi:10.5763/kjsm.2014.32.1.20

The purpose of this study was to determine shoulder pain and shoulder ultrasonographic findings in poliomyelitis Wheelchair Basketball (WB) players. Three physicians performed physical examinations and interviewed WB players about their shoulder pain by using Wheelchair User's Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI), Performance-Corrected WUSPI (PC-WUSPI), and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). One physician performed shoulder ultrasonography on WB players. All confirmed their International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (IWBF) classifications through Korean Wheelchair Basketball Federation (KWBF). Seventeen men and 6 women players were enrolled in the study, with 46 shoulders evaluated. Nine players had unilateral lower extremity weakness and 14 players were bilateral weakness. Six players used wheelchair for daily living, and 17 players used wheelchair only when playing WB. They were 44.35+/-5.42 years old on average. They had played WB for 11.09+/-9.49 years and trained 8.69+/-3.83 hours a week. PC-WUSPI was significantly correlated with age (p=0.014). There were no significant differences between time spent playing WB, training time for WB, types of poliomyelitis involvement, their use of wheelchair, and WUSPI, PC-WUSPI and SPADI. Tendon tear prevalence was significantly different with training time for WB (p=0.021). Most common abnormal shoulder ultrasonographic findings were subscapularis and supraspinatus tendinopathy. Tendinopathy and tendon tear prevalence did not differ significantly with age, time spent playing WB, types of poliomyelitis, and the use of wheelchair. High prevalence of shoulder pain and rotator cuff pathology were found by physical and ultrasonographic examination in the poliomyelitis wheelchair basketball players. Rotator cuff injury prevention program are needed for prevent shoulder pain and rotator cuff pathology.
Basketball* ; Classification ; Female ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Pathology ; Physical Examination ; Poliomyelitis* ; Prevalence ; Rotator Cuff ; Shoulder Pain ; Shoulder* ; Tendinopathy ; Tendons ; Ultrasonography* ; Wheelchairs*

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Optimal Parameters for Sutures Tied to a Post during Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Thread Numbers, Knot Numbers, Suture Techniques and Stitch Numbers: An Experimental Laboratory Study Using Porcine Tendon.

Jae Ang SIM ; Suk Won CHOI ; Chang Soo CHON ; Won Seok KIM ; Yong Seuk LEE ; Beom Koo LEE

The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2014;32(1):14-19. doi:10.5763/kjsm.2014.32.1.14

We evaluated the conditions required for sutures tied to a post for tibial fixation during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Harvested porcine tendon was used as a graft material and nonabsorbable suture was used for sutures. Samples were tested for ultimate tensile load and elongation according to thread numbers, knot numbers, suture techniques and stitch numbers. As thread numbers were increased, ultimate tensile load was increased and elongation was decreased. However, more than 4 strands of threads provided the sufficient ultimate tensile load more than 454 N of normal ACL for daily activities. As knot numbers were increased, ultimate tensile load was increased, but elongation was decreased. In terms of failure mode, unraveling occurred 100% in 3 and 4 knots, 81.2% in 5 knots, 54.5% in 6 knots, and 0% in 7 knots. Suture techniques and stitch numbers didn't significantly affect the ultimate tensile load and the elongation. For sutures tied to a post for tibial fixation in ACL reconstruction, more than 4 threads, more than 7 knots, and more than 4 stitches provide adequate ultimate tensile load and elongation.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction* ; Knee ; Suture Techniques* ; Sutures* ; Tendons* ; Transplants

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The Clinical Outcomes and Assessment of Quality of Life in Arthroscopic Repair of Isolated Type II Superior Labral Anterior and Posterior Lesion Caused by Sports Injuries from Public.

Sung Hyun NO ; Jeong Woo KIM ; Hong Je KANG ; Jong Yun KIM ; Kwang Mee KIM

The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2014;32(1):7-13. doi:10.5763/kjsm.2014.32.1.7

The purpose of this study was to morphologically classify the superior labral anterior and posterior (SLAP) lesion in people with athletic injuries and further research into the clinical result of arthroscopic repair of type II SLAP lesions. January 2005 to June 2012 occurred after sports activity in patients with shoulder pain diagnosed with isolated SLAP lesion by magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopy were classified according to the tear type. Of these patients, 40 cases of type II SLAP patients were evaluated using American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) questionnaire and range of motion. Also satisfaction of surgery was evaluated by following up through phone calls using translated short form-36 (SF-36). At average of 35 months postoperatively, external rotation decreased slightly from 60.4 degrees to 56.2 degrees, forward elevation and internal rotation were both recovered to a range of pre-surgery but no significant changes were noticed statistically (p>0.05). Visual analogue scale, ASES scores, physical component summary, and mental component summary of SF-36 improved from 5, 1 to 1.2 (p=0.01), from 65.4 to 91.5 (p=0.017), 42.6 to 52.5 (p=0.047), and from 48.5 52.6 to (p=0.036), respectively. In comparison of a group of patients over forty years and less than forty, both groups showed good results, but group of patients less than forty years showed more improvement in pain relief, functional test, and postoperational satisfaction (p=0.004). Arthroscopic repair showed good results in patients with type II SLAP lesion due to athletic injuries especially when they were less than 40 years and it can be regarded as a good treatment with high satisfaction.
Arthroscopy ; Athletic Injuries* ; Elbow ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Pain ; Sports

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Exercise-Related Allergic Diseases.

Jae Won JEONG

The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2014;32(1):1-6. doi:10.5763/kjsm.2014.32.1.1

Allergic diseases are common in sports athletes, as they are in the general population. Any physician who involved in the care of athletes will commonly face the management of allergic conditions. Exercise-aggravated or exercise-induced allergic disorders are significant health problems to competitive athletes, although the majority of these disorders are mild and symptomatically annoying, several allergic diseases carry the risk of anaphylaxis and even sudden death. Meticulous approach in the diagnosis and management of allergic conditions is essential for the sports medicine physicians to afford all athletes can compete safely with their highest physical and mental level.
Anaphylaxis ; Asthma ; Athletes ; Death, Sudden ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Sports ; Sports Medicine ; Urticaria

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