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Effects of Tongue-Holding Maneuver Compared with Mendelsohn Maneuver on Swallowing Function in Stroke Patients.

Sun Eun JUNG ; Mi Ah HAN ; Jong PARK ; Seong Woo CHOI

Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2015;15(2):83-90. doi:10.15384/kjhp.2015.15.2.83

BACKGROUND: Dysphagia is a common complication in stroke patients. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the tongue-holding maneuver over an 8-week period on the swallowing function in stroke patients. METHODS: Twenty-eight stroke patients with dysphagia diagnosed within 1 year were randomly allocated to the experimental or control groups. The experimental (n=15) and control groups (n=13) performed the tongue-holding and Mendelsohn maneuver, respectively. And both groups additionally participated in traditional dysphagia therapy. The maneuvers were conducted for thirty minutes a day, five days a week, for six weeks, totaling forty sessions. Swallowing function with the functional dysphagia scale and swallowing pain with the visual analogue scale between the 2 groups were tested by chi-square tests, Mann-whitney testes, and Wilcoxon signed rank tests. RESULTS: The general characteristics, including age, sex, and disease history, between the two groups did not differ. After 8 weeks of intervention, swallowing function at the oral phase and the pharyngeal phase and the total score was significantly improved in both experimental and control groups. Also, swallowing pain decreased significantly in both groups. However, the change to swallowing function and pain between the groups were not different. CONCLUSIONS: The tongue-holding maneuver practiced over an eight-week period improved the swallowing function in stroke patients.
Deglutition Disorders ; Deglutition* ; Humans ; Occupational Therapy ; Stroke* ; Testis

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The Association between Dietary Fiber Intake and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-aged Adults in Gyeonggi Province.

You Sin LEE ; Sim Yeol LEE

Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2015;15(2):75-82. doi:10.15384/kjhp.2015.15.2.75

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the dietary fiber intake of middle-aged adults in Gyeonggi and to evaluate its relation with the metabolic syndrome. METHODS: From April 2013 to October 2014, 279 (60 men, 210 women) middle-aged adults subject older than 30 years of age were recruited. Two-day dietary intake data were collected from each subject using the 24-hour recall method. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed by anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and blood analysis. RESULTS: When the subjects were divided into tertile groups by dietary fiber intake per 1,000 kcal, the middle tertile group showed higher fiber intake of 118.8% above the reference intake of 12 g/1,000 kcal, and the highest tertile group showed a higher fiber intake of 165.0% above the reference intake. The group with greater dietary fiber intake showed more mineral and vitamin intake but less energy, fat, and cholesterol intake. The major food groups that contributed to the dietary fiber in the lowest and the middle tertiles were vegetables, grains, fruits, and legumes, but in the highest tertile, legumes contributed more than fruits. The risk of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio [OR] 0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.18-0.77), abdominal obesity (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.23-0.85,) and hypertriglyceridemia (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.21-0.83) were significantly reduced in the middle tertile compared to the lowest tertile. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that there is a correlation between dietary fiber intake and risk factors for metabolic syndrome. It is highly expected that consuming sufficient amount of fruits and vegetables as a major source of dietary fiber can prevent and manage metabolic syndrome and chronic disease.
Adult* ; Blood Pressure ; Edible Grain ; Cholesterol ; Chronic Disease ; Dietary Fiber* ; Fabaceae ; Fruit ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; Male ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Prevalence* ; Risk Factors ; Vegetables ; Vitamins

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Analysis of Factors Affecting the Need for Health Education Programs in Middle-aged Women.

Yo Jin KIM ; Chang Oh BAE

Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2015;15(2):63-74. doi:10.15384/kjhp.2015.15.2.63

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to analyze the factors affecting health education program needs as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) for promoting health in middle-aged women. METHODS: Study subjects included 203 middle-aged women ranging in ages between 40 and 59 years, living in S-city. Data were collected from September 10 to 24, 2011. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze general characteristics and the need for health education programs related to the general characteristics. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to access the factors influencing the need for health education programs. All data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. RESULTS: The average score of the health promotion behaviors was 3.46 (+/-0.74). The average score of the need for health education programs (including physical, psychological, and social health education programs) was 3.88 (+/-0.13); and this was affected by age (psychological health education programs beta=-0.21), self-actualization (physical, psychological, social health education programs beta=0.28, beta=0.30, beta=0.30), health responsibility (social health education programs beta=0.21), interpersonal support (physical health education programs beta=0.18), and stress management (social health education programs beta=0.18). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the study results, health education for middle-aged women should be impacted less by monthly income and educational background, and should have more specialized, accessible contents considering not only programs that middle-aged women prefer but also the factors influencing the needs of health education.
Female ; Health Education* ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; World Health Organization

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The Risk Factors of Suicidal Ideation by Age Groups among the Elderly in Korea.

Eun Kyung KIM

Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2015;15(2):54-62. doi:10.15384/kjhp.2015.15.2.54

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the prevalence and risk factors of suicidal ideation by age groups among the elderly in Korea. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (V-3, 2012). The participants were divided into two age groups: the young-old (n=1,016, 65-74 years), old-old (n=579, 75 years or greater) groups. Multiple logistic regression was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 19.6% of young-old and 22.7% of old-old, respectively. There was no difference on prevalence of suicidal ideation by age groups. Risk factors of suicidal ideation differ by age groups. In the young-old group, higher suicidal ideation showed significant correlation with a higher level of depression, perceived stress and a lower level of education, self-rated health. In the old-old group, higher suicidal ideation showed significant correlation with a higher level of depression, perceived stress, restriction of activity, and pain/discomfort. CONCLUSIONS: Age group-specific nursing strategies may be required for prevention of suicidal ideation in elderly.
Aged* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Education ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Nursing ; Nutrition Surveys ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors* ; Statistics as Topic ; Suicidal Ideation*

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The Correlation between Hemoglobin A1c and Common Carotid Artery Intima Medial Thickness of Both Genders with Less Than 6.5% HbA1c Based on Ultrasound Measurement.

Yeongju RYU ; Youngjin PARK ; Byeong Jin YE

Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2015;15(2):47-53. doi:10.15384/kjhp.2015.15.2.47

BACKGROUND: The glycemic control in diabetes is well known to arouse a medical risk of macrovascular regions. This study aimed for exploring the relationship between carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) and the risk triggers of macrovascular diseases in the group of glycated hemoglobin value less than 6.5%. METHODS: The subjects were made of 336 health-check examinees in a university hospital and tested by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) including ultrasound application on carotid artery IMT to be measured. The relationship between values of HbA1c and carotid artery IMT was reviewed by use of Pearson's correlation, and then influential causes on the carotid artery IMT were analyzed with multiple linear regression models. RESULTS: Elements like age and fasting plasma glucose were associated with the carotid artery IMT in both men and women. HbA1c, C-reactive protein (CRP) in men and waist to hip ratio (WHR), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol in women showed statistically significant association with the carotid artery IMT. Age and HbA1c were recognized as variables affecting on the carotid artery IMT in men, in contrast, age was only a significant affecting factor in women with regarding various considerations such as fasting plasma glucose, CRP, HDL, WHR and smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Our clinical investigation revealed that HbA1c was associated with the carotid artery IMT in normal and pre-diabetes with HbA1c less than 6.5%. The outcome might suggest preliminary glucose control be monitored and managed in order to detect and regulate the impairment of macrovascular diseases prior to the occurrence of diabetes.
Blood Glucose ; C-Reactive Protein ; Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Artery, Common* ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Fasting ; Female ; Glucose ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Ultrasonography* ; Waist-Hip Ratio

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Perceptions of Healthcare Workers of Health Risks of Electromagnetic Fields.

Minsu OCK ; So Yun LIM ; Hwa Jung KIM ; Hyun Mi RYU ; Nari YI ; Moo Song LEE

Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2015;15(2):39-46. doi:10.15384/kjhp.2015.15.2.39

BACKGROUND: This study assessed the perceptions of healthcare staff of the health risks of exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF). METHODS: In total, 328 healthcare workers (e.g., physicians, nurses, medical students, and paramedics) completed a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire assessed the following: risk perceptions of 17 environmental factors as potential health threats; EMF sources; information for the potential risks of EMF; and thoughts on how to protect the public from potential EMF-related health risks. RESULTS: Of the included environmental factors, high-tension power lines and mobile phone handsets were ranked as the second and fourth lowest perceived risk, respectively. Approximately 60% of respondents were concerned about the potential health risks of EMF and dissatisfied with the information they received. The main reason for dissatisfaction was insufficient information. The most frequently cited action was that the government should review the available scientific evidence on potential EMF-related health risks. CONCLUSIONS: Having scientific basis through well-designed researches and providing accurate information to the public on the potential health risks of EMF will be important in the future.
Cellular Phone ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Electromagnetic Fields* ; Humans ; Students, Medical

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Changes to Balance and Trunk Repositioning Sense According to Frequency of Falls in Stroke Patients.

Ki Hun CHO ; Wan Hee LEE

Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2011;11(1):48-55.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the changes to postural sway velocity and trunk repositioning errors and the frequency of falls in stroke patients. METHODS: Fifty-five stroke patients, divided into three groups (no falls group: 20, one fall group: 19, repeated falls group: 16), stood quietly with eyes open and closed on a force platform while postural sway velocity was quantified by the center of pressure measures. Trunk repositioning errors were measured in standing while the subjects performed forward flexion movements. RESULTS: We found a significant difference between the groups for postural sway velocity in medial-lateral and anterior-posterior directions with eyes open and closed (P<0.05). With the eyes closed, there were significant differences between the three groups in the postural sway velocity (P<0.05) and the trunk repositioning errors changed significantly (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that the increase in falls may increase visual dependence for postural control velocity and trunk repositioning errors. These results may be useful in balance training to prevent falls in stroke survivors.
Eye ; Humans ; Stroke ; Survivors

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Use of the 6-Minute Walk Test as Gait Therapy for Hemiplegic Patients: Possibility of Practice Effect by Providing Knowledge of Result.

Sun Mi SIM ; Duck Won OH

Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2011;11(1):42-47.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the practice effect of the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) after providing the subjects with knowledge of the results (KR). METHODS: Sixteen subjects with post-stroke hemiparesis volunteered to participate in this study. The 6MWT was performed by having the subjects take repeated walks along a 20-m walkway for 6 minutes; and the maximum distance walked was recorded. Two trials of the 6MWT were conducted under three conditions: no-KR, immediate-KR (providing knowledge of the time taken to complete each 20-m distance), and summary-KR (providing knowledge of the time taken to complete 60 m). RESULTS: The practice effects of all 3 conditions were determined by using the paired t-test, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with <0.75, and the Bland-Altman plot. The findings of the paired t-test showed a significant difference under the immediate-KR condition only; however, no significant differences were noted under the no-KR and summary-KR conditions. In a data agreement analysis across the two trials using the ICC, none of the obtained values under the three conditions were in an acceptable range indicative of a practice effect. In the Bland-Altman plot, a greater data variation was observed under the immediate-KR condition than under the other two conditions. When comparing the conditions, the immediate-KR condition differed significantly from the no-KR condition. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings do not support the presence of a practice effect across the 6MWT. However, a practice effect seems to be clinically possible when the immediate-KR condition is incorporated into this test.
Gait ; Paresis ; Stroke

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The Mediating Effects of Loneliness on the Relationship between Smartphone Addiction and Dependent Personality Trait in Adults.

Jeung OK

Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2016;16(4):260-267. doi:10.15384/kjhp.2016.16.4.260

BACKGROUND: As the number of smartphone users is increasing, smartphone addiction is a recent concern. The purpose of the present study was to examine the mediating effect of loneliness on the relationship between smartphone addiction and dependent/ avoidant personality trait in Adults. METHODS: A total of 550 adults (male 116, female 434) were selected and rated smartphone addiction scale, dependent and avoidant personality trait scales, and loneliness scale. Pearson correlation coefficients, Structural Equation Model Analysis and Sobel test using SPSS version 21.0 (IBM, New York, NY, USA) and AMOS version 21.0 (IBM, New York, NY, USA) were conducted. RESULTS: Dependent and avoidant personality significantly were related smartphone addiction and loneliness. Finding in structural equation modeling indicated that the loneliness partially mediated the relationship between dependent personality and smartphone addiction, but did not mediated the relationship between avoidant personality and smartphone addiction. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed partial mediation effect of loneliness on the relationship between smartphone addiction and dependent personality. This finding suggests that future intervention for smartphone addiction should focus on reducing of loneliness and proper coping with loneliness.
Adult* ; Female ; Humans ; Loneliness* ; Negotiating* ; Smartphone* ; Weights and Measures

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Acceptability and Feasibility of a Smartphone Application for 5th, 6th Grade Elementary Students to Prevent Childhood Obesity; a Qualitative Study.

Ji Hye JUNG ; Young Gyu CHO ; Da Ye JI ; Jae Heon KANG

Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2016;16(4):251-259. doi:10.15384/kjhp.2016.16.4.251

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to describe the acceptability and feasibility of the “HAPPY ME”, a smartphone application (app) for guiding healthy eating habits and physical activities to prevent childhood obesity, through in-depth interviews of 5th and 6th grade students of an elementary school. METHODS: A total of 25 students were recruited from grades 5 and 6 of an elementary school in Gimpo. They were asked to participate in in-depth interviews about expectations regarding the “HAPPY ME”, smartphone usage behaviors, perceptions and attitudes towards health, and satisfaction with the “HAPPY ME”, before and after the 4-week trial of the “HAPPY ME”. RESULTS: Study participants reported a high level of satisfaction regarding gamification elements such as awarding points as rewards for completing missions and using closed social networking services with friends. They also reported that their eating habits had improved after the 4-week trial. However, some students felt that the app was complicated to use and recommended that it should have prompts as notifications. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the “HAPPY ME” is acceptable and feasible for use with children. However, the app needs to be modified based on the results of this study.
Awards and Prizes ; Child ; Child Nutrition Sciences ; Eating ; Friends ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Mobile Applications ; Motor Activity ; Obesity ; Pediatric Obesity* ; Religious Missions ; Reward ; Smartphone*

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