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Factors Influencing Health Information Orientation in Middle-aged Community-dwelling.

Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2017;17(1):38-46. doi:10.15384/kjhp.2017.17.1.38

BACKGROUND: It is important time for middle-aged because they should shift to a healthy elderly by utilization of correct health information and healthy behaviors. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of health information orientation (HIO) and identify the factors influencing HIO according to socio-demographic and health related characteristics of middle aged in community. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted by self-reported using structured questionnaires. The data was collected from June to July 2014 with 465 middle aged and 40 to 64 years old living in the community. Multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to examine the determinant of HIO. RESULTS: In the two sub-domains of HIO, health information engagement mean score was 2.30±1.09 and the health information apprehension level was 1.34±1.15 on average (maximum 4 points). Regression analysis showed that the sub-domains of HIO, the level of health information engagement was significantly higher in the 40-49 age group than 50-64 age group (β=-0.094, P=0.048) and high school or above education level (β=0.224, P<0.001). Those who pay more than 100,000 won per month (β=0.097, P=0.047) were significantly high in the level of health information apprehension. CONCLUSIONS: In order to improve the level of HIO, it is necessary to implement tailored health promotion education considering the sociodemographic and health related characteristics of the subjects. It is required in the future, the development of tools and multidimensional factors that are appropriate for the middle-aged when identifying the factors influencing of health information orientation.
Aged ; Education ; Health Promotion ; Health Status ; Humans ; Middle Aged

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Secular Trends for Body-shape Perception, Weight-loss Efforts, and Weight-loss Behaviors in Korean Adults Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2001 to 2014.

Gyeong Eun LIM ; Sun Young KANG ; Yang Keun KIM ; Hye Won KIM ; Tae Jin PARK ; Jinseung KIM ; Kayoung LEE

Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2017;17(1):31-37. doi:10.15384/kjhp.2017.17.1.31

BACKGROUND: The objective of study was to investigate secular trends for body-shape perception, weight-loss efforts, and weight-loss behaviors from 2001 to 2014 in Korean adults and factors related to those weight-related attitude. METHODS: Self-reported body-shape perception, weight-loss efforts, and weight-loss behaviors were used in 26,480 men and 35,051 women aged 19 or older using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey from 2001 to 2014 (from 2005 to 2014 for weight-loss behaviors). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted using complex sampling design in each sex. RESULTS: Body-shape misperception tended to decrease from 2001 to 2014 and weight-loss efforts tended to increase over the period in all subjects, whereas unhealthy weight-loss behaviors tended to increase over the period in women. In multivariable logistic regression model, body-shape misperception in men was inversely associated with survey year, while positively associated with age and weight status. In women, body-shape misperception was inversely associated with survey year, education, and income, while positively associated with age and weight status. Weight-loss efforts in both sexes were inversely associated with age, while positively associated with survey year, education, income, and weight status. Healthy weight-loss behaviors were positively associated with education but inversely associated with age in men. In women, those behaviors were positively associated with education and weight status, while inversely associated with survey year. CONCLUSIONS: We found decreased body-shape misperception and increased weight-loss efforts in Korean men and women from 2001 to 2014, and decreased healthy weight-loss behaviors in women from 2005 to 2014.
Adult* ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys*

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The Health Behavior and Status according to Household Income Level in Korean Women Aged 35 Years or Older: the 2013 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Min Jeong OH ; Yun Jin KIM ; Jeong Gyu LEE ; Yu Hyeon YI ; Young Jin TAK ; Hye Rim HWANG ; Seung Hoon LEE

Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2017;17(1):20-30. doi:10.15384/kjhp.2017.17.1.20

BACKGROUND: Income is a major socioeconomic index, and low household income is known to negatively affect health. Nevertheless, there is a lack of research on the health status and health behavior of middle-aged and older women with low-income. This study aims to provide basic information on the health status and health behavior of low-income women, using data representative of South Koreans. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used data from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Among the total of 8,018 respondents, 2,713 women aged 35 years or older were enrolled in the study. The subjects were classified by income status based on standard household income quartiles. RESULTS: The low-income group showed the lowest education levels and the highest unemployment rate (P<0.001). The percentage of smokers was the highest, while the frequency of exercise was the lowest in this group (P<0.001). The incidence of hyperlipidemia was highest (P=0.028), and they showed the highest body mass index, waist circumference (P<0.001), blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (P=0.018), and triglyceride level (P=0.03), as well as the lowest high density lipoprotein level (P=0.039), and the highest risk of cardiovascular diseases (P=0.002). Additionally, perceived health status was negative and quality of life was lowest among the groups (P<0.001). Although the enrollment rate for free health check-up services was highest (P=0.007), subscription to private health insurance, adult health check-ups, cancer screening rate were all lowest of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed a health gap among middle-aged and elderly women of low income, compared to higher income groups.
Adult ; Aged ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Education ; Family Characteristics* ; Fasting ; Female ; Health Behavior* ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Incidence ; Insurance, Health ; Korea ; Lipoproteins ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Triglycerides ; Unemployment ; Waist Circumference

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Relationship of Sleep Quality, Physical Stress, Psychological Stress, and Job Stress among Residents.

So Young YOO ; Young Ah CHOI ; Young Kyu PARK ; Sung Min CHO ; Kyung Shik LEE ; Ga Young JOO ; Hyun Keun LEE

Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2017;17(1):9-19. doi:10.15384/kjhp.2017.17.1.9

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship of sleep quality, physical stress, psychological stress, and job stress among residents and to examine correlations of sleep quality, physical stress, psychological stress, and job stress according to average of working hours per day, frequency of night duty, sleep onset time on night duty and sleeping hour on night duty. METHODS: A descriptive correlation study included 164 residents working at 13 secondary and tertiary hospitals in Gyeong-gi Province who completed a self-administered structured questionnaires. The data were collected from June 1 to August 31, 2016. and analyzed through frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, multiple regression analysis by SPSS program version 22.0 (IBM Corp., Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS: The average level of residents' sleep quality, physical stress, psychological stress, and job stress were 40.30, 16.74, 15.96, and 26.79, respectively. Sleep quality, physical, psychological and job stress have shown statistically significant correlations according to average of working hours per day, frequency of night duty, sleep onset time on night duty and sleeping hour on night duty. Poor sleep quality is related to higher physical, psychological and job stress. CONCLUSIONS: Residents' average of working hours per day is long and sleeping hour on night duty is scarce. Due to this, the level of residents' sleep quality is poor and physical, psychological and job stress are severe. Obviously, sleep quality showed a positive correlation with physical, psychological and job stress. It is necessary to develop effective program to improve the residents' sleep quality and reduce physical, psychological and job stress.
Statistics as Topic ; Stress, Psychological* ; Tertiary Care Centers

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Associations between Breast Density on Mammography and Lifestyle Related Disease.

Dae Yeon HWANG ; Yu Lee KIM ; Bong Woon HWANG ; Kwang Hyun KIM ; Ji Young LYM

Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2017;17(1):1-8. doi:10.15384/kjhp.2017.17.1.1

BACKGROUND: Dense breast reduced the sensitivity of mammography in breast cancer screening and known as an independent risk factor of breast cancer. The relationship between breast density and age, body mass index has studied. However, there are few studies on the relationship between breast density and lifestyle related disease. In this study, we investigated the relationship between mammographic breast density and lifestyle related disease. METHODS: Retrospective cross sectional research was carried out from people who visited a single health screening center in Busan from January 2015 to December 2015. We investigated age, past history of the subjects and measured their height, weight, blood pressure and waist circumference. The biochemical test was carried out using their blood. All patients underwent mammography. The breast density on mammography determined by the basis of American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR BI-RADS) breast composition and 996 people was recruited. RESULTS: In the distribution of breast density, 16.3% of women (n=160) had dense breast. Age (under 49), body mass index (BMI) (underweight) were positively correlated with the BI-RADS composition category 3, 4 but the number of lifestyle related disease were negatively correlated (age ρ=0.17, BMI ρ=0.39, the number of lifestyle related disease ρ=-0.21). The odds ratio (OR) of dense breast increased with decreasing lifestyle related disease severity (OR=3.06, 95% confidence interval: 1.13-8.22, P=0.027). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the number of lifestyle related disease was negatively correlated with mammographic density. The OR of dense breast increased with decreasing lifestyle related disease severity. Therefore, primary physicians should consider negative correlation between breast density and lifestyle related disease in breast cancer screening.
Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Busan ; Female ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Life Style* ; Mammography* ; Mass Screening ; Odds Ratio ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Waist Circumference

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Prognostic Role of Serum Vitamin B₁₂ in Solid Tumor Patients.

Hye Kyung OH ; Jee Young LEE ; Seong Woo YOON ; Wan Kyu EO ; Sung Nim HAN

Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2017;17(4):282-288. doi:10.15384/kjhp.2017.17.4.282

BACKGROUND: Serum vitamin B₁₂ has been suggested as one of the cancer diagnostic markers and predictors for survival in cancer patients. In this study, we investigated the relationship between vitamin B₁₂ and tumor progression. METHODS: Solid tumor patients who had serum vitamin B₁₂ levels and radiologic test follow-up were included in the study. A total of 55 patients were included. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine the cut-off value of vitamin B₁₂ for tumor progression. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model for time to progression (TTP) were performed. Subgroup analysis was performed on patients with or without liver lesion (hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastasis). RESULTS: The cut-off value of vitamin B₁₂ for tumor progression prediction was 691.4 pg/mL, the sensitivity was 57.1% and the specificity was 59.3%. Patients with vitamin B₁₂≥691.4 pg/mL had shorter median TTP (2.1 months vs. 3.4 months, P=0.011). In subgroup analysis of patients without liver lesion, median TTP was significantly shorter in patients with vitamin B₁₂≥691.4 pg/mL (1.6 months vs. 6.3 months, P=0.021), while there was no significant difference in TTP among the patients with liver lesion. Higher vitamin B₁₂ level (≥691.4 pg/mL) was an independent prognostic factor for tumor progression (adjusted hazard ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.2–4.8, P=0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Serum vitamin B₁₂ level can be used as a predictor of tumor progression in patients with solid tumors especially in patients without liver lesion. Additional large scale prospective studies are required to confirm this.
Biomarkers ; Disease Progression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver ; Methods ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Vitamins*

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Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of Empowering Leadership Questionnaire.

Eun Kyung KIM ; Se Young KIM ; Myun Sook JUNG ; Jong Kyung KIM ; Sun Ju YOU

Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2017;17(4):275-281. doi:10.15384/kjhp.2017.17.4.275

BACKGROUND: The manager's empowering leadership has been reported to have a positive impact on employees' psychological empowerment, motivation, creativity, and increase commitment and turnover intentions. However, there is a lack of Korean version of empowering leadership tools that have been verified for validity and reliability, so that they can be applied to Korean nursing organizations. The aim of this study was to develop the Korean version of Empowering Leadership Questionnaire (K-ELQ) and to examine its' psychometric properties. METHODS: Translation of the K-ELQ was validated through forward-backward translation. Participants were 322 staff nurses working in four general hospitals in South Korea. To test reliability and validity, content validity index, Cronbach's alpha, Pearson's correlation, confirmatory factor analysis were used. RESULTS: The K-ELQ consisted of 34 items to evaluate empowering leadership of nursing managers. Construct validity of K-ELQ was verified by confirmatory factor analysis (CMIN/DF=2.72, Root Mean square Residual=0.03, Goodness of Fit Index=0.91, Normal Fit Index=0.87). Cronbach's alpha was 0.98. Criterion validity compared to the psychological empowerment of nurses showed significant correlation (r=0.19, P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The K-ELQ is an appropriate instrument to measure empowering leadership of nursing managers. Further studies are needed to utilize K-ELQ in leadership education and to identify related factors of empowering leadership.
Creativity ; Education ; Hospitals, General ; Intention ; Korea ; Leadership* ; Motivation ; Nursing ; Power (Psychology) ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results*

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Minimum Measurement Time Affecting the Reliability of the Heart Rate Variability Analysis.

Won Jun CHOI ; Byung Chae LEE ; Kee Sam JEONG ; Yong Jae LEE

Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2017;17(4):269-274. doi:10.15384/kjhp.2017.17.4.269

BACKGROUND: Heart rate variability (HRV) test is in widely used for measurement of autonomic nerve system. Although the standard measurement time for short-term HRV analysis is regarded as 5 minutes, it could be varied depending on the clinical situation. Thus, we examined that the valid minimum measurement time for HRV through comparison of HRV among 10 segments per 30 seconds from 30 seconds to 300 seconds. METHODS: The study included 1,457 adult participants who visited the health promotion center in Seoul, Korea from the March 2009 to December 2012. The variables of the time domain and frequency domain analysis of HRV among 10 segments from 30 seconds to 300 seconds were compared using one-way ANOVA test with post-hoc analysis. RESULTS: Compared with 5-minute (300 seconds) HRV, the components of HRV measurement were statistically equal in condition with 180 seconds for standard deviation of all normal-to-normal interval (SDNN), 270 seconds for NN50, 180 seconds for total power, 180 seconds for low frequency power in normalized units (LFn), and 180 seconds for high frequency power in normalized units (HFn), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the minimum duration of HRV measurement might be more or than 180 seconds.
Adult ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Autonomic Pathways ; Health Promotion ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Korea ; Seoul

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Accuracy of Capillary Blood Glucose Test When Fasting in Diabetes Patients or General Population: Performance Evaluation of G300 Based on ISO 15197:2013 Standards.

Young min JEE ; Min hee SEO ; Byung wook YOO ; Sung ho HONG ; Choo yon CHO ; Yong jin CHO ; Jung eun OH ; Kyung suk SHIN

Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2017;17(4):259-268. doi:10.15384/kjhp.2017.17.4.259

BACKGROUND: Self-monitoring of blood glucose plays an important role in management of diabetes mellitus. Blood glucose measurement is based on using plasma glucose separated from whole blood, but many people with diabetes and health care providers use a portable glucose meter for convenience. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and agreement of G300 portable glucose monitoring system against standard venous glucose testing methods, based on ISO 15197:2013 standards. METHODS: This study was the evaluation of G300 system accuracy following ISO 15197:2013 standards. We estimated precision, system accuracy, hematocrit interference, interfering substances, and user performance. RESULTS: In repeatability precision evaluation of those glucometers, standard deviation was 2.9–3.7 mg/dL at glucose levels under 100 mg/dL and coefficient of variation was 1.7–3.2% at glucose levels over 100 mg/dL, respectively. In accuracy evaluation, 99.5% of difference values between results of G300 portable glucose monitoring system and clinical laboratory were within 95%. Consensus Error grid analysis showed that all values (100%) are within zone A. Hematocrit range between 20% and 60% did not cause interference. These results were acceptable for the ISO15197:2013 criteria in all glucose concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that G300 can provide reliable blood glucose results for patients and health care providers to manage diabetes mellitus, satisfying the ISO 15197:2013 criteria.
Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ; Blood Glucose* ; Capillaries* ; Consensus ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Electrochemical Techniques ; Fasting* ; Glucose ; Health Personnel ; Hematocrit ; Humans

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Knowledge and Attitude of Health Care Providers for Korean National Health Examination.

Seo Young KANG ; Jung Ah LEE ; Young Sik KIM

Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2017;17(4):252-258. doi:10.15384/kjhp.2017.17.4.252

BACKGROUND: Current National Health Examination (NHE) in Korea provides health examination to the public throughout the entire life course; however, management after NHE is not sufficiently delivered. In this study, we investigated knowledge and attitude of health care providers in order to revise result forms and counseling manual of NHE. METHODS: We recruited 30 doctors, who undergo NHE, and conducted survey from January 7, 2016 to January 26, 2016. Participants answered questionnaires regarding difficulty of explaining each items of result forms, difficulty of counseling each items of NHE, and ways of improvement. Furthermore, we conducted in-depth interview regarding pros and cons of NHE and improvements needed. RESULTS: The average Likert score for difficulty of explaining items of result forms was lowest (3.8/5.0 points) for blood test due to its graphic format. Difficult counseling items were mental health, mild cognitive impairment and dementia, and healthcare for the elderly. The proportions of doctors, who often counsel these items, were less than 40%. In the in-depth interview, health care providers suggested that examinees' knowledge for result forms decreases because it is hard to interpret, and management after NHE should be improved by undertaking NHE in primary health care facilities. CONCLUSIONS: The graphic format of blood test result form should be revised into readable format, and contents of counseling manual for mental health, mild cognitive impairment and dementia, and healthcare for the elderly should be improved. Financial support for doctors should be provided, and NHE should ultimately be reinforced in primary health care facilities.
Aged ; Counseling ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Dementia ; Financial Support ; Health Personnel* ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Korea ; Mental Health ; Mild Cognitive Impairment ; Mortuary Practice ; National Health Programs ; Primary Health Care

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