Lessons Learned from the Prevalence of Childhood Asthma in Korea.
Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research.2011;3(1):1-2. doi:10.4168/aair.2011.3.1.1
Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research
2009 to Present ISSN: 2092-7355
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A Metagenomic Analysis Provides a Culture-Independent Pathogen Detection for Atopic Dermatitis.
Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research.2017;9(5):453-461. doi:10.4168/aair.2017.9.5.453
PURPOSE: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease, significantly affecting the quality of life. Using AD as a model system, we tested a successive identification of AD-associated microbes, followed by a culture-independent serum detection of the identified microbe. METHODS: A total of 43 genomic DNA preparations from washing fluid of the cubital fossa of 6 healthy controls, skin lesions of 27 AD patients, 10 of which later received treatment (post-treatment), were subjected to high-throughput pyrosequencing on a Roche 454 GS-FLX platform. RESULTS: Microbial diversity was decreased in AD, and was restored following treatment. AD was characterized by the domination of Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and Streptococcus, whereas Alcaligenaceae (f), Sediminibacterium, and Lactococcus were characteristic of healthy skin. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that serum could be used as a source for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus extracellular vesicles (EVs). S. aureus EV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin E (IgE) were quantified in the serum. CONCLUSIONS: A metagenomic analysis together with a serum detection of pathogen-specific EVs provides a model for successive identification and diagnosis of pathogens of AD.
Alcaligenaceae ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Diagnosis ; DNA ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Extracellular Vesicles ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulins ; Lactococcus ; Metagenomics* ; Pseudomonas ; Quality of Life ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Streptococcus
Alcaligenaceae ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Diagnosis ; DNA ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Extracellular Vesicles ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulins ; Lactococcus ; Metagenomics* ; Pseudomonas ; Quality of Life ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Streptococcus
Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research.2014;6(6):517-524. doi:10.4168/aair.2014.6.6.517
PURPOSE: This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between indoor air pollutant levels and residential environment in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) living in Seoul. METHODS: A total of 150 children with AD were included. Residential environment was assessed by questionnaires which were completed by their parents. To evaluate the level of exposure to the indoor air pollutants, concentrations of the indoor air pollutants including particulate matter with diameter less than 10 microm (PM10), formaldehyde, carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Total Volatile Organic Compound (TVOC), benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, xylene, styrene, bacterial aerosols, and airborne fungi were measured. RESULTS: A significant difference was exhibited in the levels of PM10 in case of visible fungus on the walls (P=0.047). There was relationship between the construction year of the house, moving to a newly constructed building within 1 year and formaldehyde level. With the use of artificial air freshener, the differences were found in the concentrations of TVOC (P=0.003), benzene (P=0.015), toluene (P=0.012) and ethyl-benzene (P=0.027). The concentration of xylene was significantly high when oil was used as heating fuel (P=0.015). Styrene exhibited differences depending on building type and its concentrations were significantly high in a residential and commercial complex building (P=0.005). The indoor concentration of bacterial aerosols was significantly low with the use of air cleaner (P=0.045). High NO2, benzene concentrations were present in case of almost no ventilation (P=0.028 and P=0.028, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Individual residential environments are closely related with the levels of the indoor air pollutants. To alleviate AD symptoms, simple questions about residential environments such as visible fungus on the walls and the use of artificial air freshener are helpful to assess the possibility of increased indoor air pollutant levels when direct measurement is not available.
Aerosols ; Air Pollutants ; Air Pollution ; Benzene ; Carbon Dioxide ; Carbon Monoxide ; Child* ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Formaldehyde ; Fungi ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Nitrogen Dioxide ; Parents ; Particulate Matter ; Seoul ; Styrene ; Toluene ; Ventilation ; Xylenes ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Aerosols ; Air Pollutants ; Air Pollution ; Benzene ; Carbon Dioxide ; Carbon Monoxide ; Child* ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Formaldehyde ; Fungi ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Nitrogen Dioxide ; Parents ; Particulate Matter ; Seoul ; Styrene ; Toluene ; Ventilation ; Xylenes ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Food Hypersensitivity in Mexican Adults at 18 to 50 Years of Age: A Questionnaire Survey.
Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research.2014;6(6):511-516. doi:10.4168/aair.2014.6.6.511
PURPOSE: There is limited epidemiological evidence of food hypersensitivity (FH) in the adult population. We aimed to determine the prevalence of FH in Mexican adults, their clinical features and to establish common food involved in its appearance. METHODS: We designed a cross-sectional study using a fixed quota sampling; 1,126 subjects answered a structured survey to gather information related to FH. RESULTS: The prevalence of FH in adults was 16.7% (95% CI, 14.5% to 18.8%), without statistical significant differences related to gender (women, 17.5% and men, 15.9%) or residential location. The most common clinical manifestations in adults with FH were oral allergy syndrome (70 of 1,126) and urticaria (55 of 1,126). According to category, fruits and vegetables were the most frequent foods to trigger FH (6.12%) and were individually related to shrimp (4.0%), and cow milk (1.5%). Adults under age 25 had a higher frequency of FH (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.91, P <0.001). Personal history of any atopic disease was significantly associated with FH (P <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of FH is relatively high in Mexican adults, and FH is significantly associated with atopic diseases.
Adult* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Epidemiology ; Food Hypersensitivity* ; Fruit ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Male ; Milk ; Prevalence ; Urticaria ; Vegetables ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Adult* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Epidemiology ; Food Hypersensitivity* ; Fruit ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Male ; Milk ; Prevalence ; Urticaria ; Vegetables ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research.2014;6(6):504-510. doi:10.4168/aair.2014.6.6.504
PURPOSE: Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) is a useful non-invasive biomarker for asthma diagnosis; however, the literature suggests that exhaled NO levels may be affected by demographic factors. The present analysis investigated determinant factors that present exhaled NO reference levels for Korean elderly adults. METHODS: For reference levels, we analyzed the baseline data of healthy adult participants in the Ansung cohort. The fraction of exhaled NO (FeNO) was measured by NIOX MINO(R). The characterization of the subjects was performed through structured questionnaires, spirometry, and methacholine challenge tests. To validate the diagnostic utility of the determined reference levels, asthma patients were recruited from medical institutions for FeNO measurement. RESULTS: A total of 570 healthy subjects were analyzed (mean age, 59.9+/-12.3; male, 37.0%) for reference levels. FeNO levels significantly correlated with weight, height, body mass index, atopy, or forced expiratory volume in 1 second % predicted by simple linear regression analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis identified gender as an independent determinant for FeNO levels; subsequently, the reference values for FeNO were 18.2+/-10.6 ppb (5th to 95th percentile, 6.0 to 37.4 ppb) for males and 12.1+/-6.9 ppb (5th to 95th percentile, 2.5 to 27.0 ppb) for females. The diagnostic utility of FeNO reference levels was validated by receiver operating curve analysis (area under curve, 0.900 for males and 0.885 for females) for diagnosing asthma. The optimal cutoff values for the prediction of asthma were 30.5 ppb for males and 20.5 ppb for females. CONCLUSIONS: The current analysis presented reference ranges and the diagnostic utility of FeNO levels for asthma in Korean elderly adults.
Adult ; Aged* ; Asthma ; Body Height ; Cohort Studies ; Demography ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Methacholine Chloride ; Nitric Oxide* ; Reference Values* ; Spirometry ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Adult ; Aged* ; Asthma ; Body Height ; Cohort Studies ; Demography ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Methacholine Chloride ; Nitric Oxide* ; Reference Values* ; Spirometry ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research.2014;6(6):496-503. doi:10.4168/aair.2014.6.6.496
PURPOSE: Based on a previous gene expression study in a mouse model of asthma, we selected 60 candidate genes and investigated their possible roles in human asthma. METHODS: In these candidate genes, 90 SNPs were genotyped using MassARRAY technology from 311 asthmatic children and 360 healthy controls of the Hungarian (Caucasian) population. Moreover, gene expression levels were measured by RT PCR in the induced sputum of 13 asthmatics and 10 control individuals. t-tests, chi-square tests, and logistic regression were carried out in order to assess associations of SNP frequency and expression level with asthma. Permutation tests were performed to account for multiple hypothesis testing. RESULTS: The frequency of 4 SNPs in 2 genes differed significantly between asthmatic and control subjects: SNPs rs2240572, rs2240571, rs3735222 in gene SCIN, and rs32588 in gene PPARGC1B. Carriers of the minor alleles had reduced risk of asthma with an odds ratio of 0.64 (0.51-0.80; P=7x10(-5)) in SCIN and 0.56 (0.42-0.76; P=1.2x10(-4)) in PPARGC1B. The expression levels of SCIN, PPARGC1B and ITLN1 genes were significantly lower in the sputum of asthmatics. CONCLUSIONS: Three potentially novel asthma-associated genes were identified based on mouse experiments and human studies.
Alleles ; Animals ; Asthma* ; Child ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Inflammation* ; Logistic Models ; Mice* ; Odds Ratio ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sputum
Alleles ; Animals ; Asthma* ; Child ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Inflammation* ; Logistic Models ; Mice* ; Odds Ratio ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sputum
Diagnosis and Management of Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions to Cephalosporins.
Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research.2014;6(6):485-495. doi:10.4168/aair.2014.6.6.485
Cephalosporins can cause a range of hypersensitivity reactions, including IgE-mediated, immediate reactions. Cephalosporin allergy has been reported with use of a specific cephalosporin, as a cross-reaction between different cephalosporins or as a cross-reaction to other beta-lactam antibiotics. Unlike penicillins, the exact allergenic determinants of cephalosporins are less well understood and thus, standardized diagnostic skin testing is not available. Nevertheless, skin testing with diluted solutions of cephalosporins can be valuable in confirming IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions. In vitro tests are in development using recent technological advances and can be used as complementary tests. However, they are not commonly used because of their reduced sensitivity and limited availability. In selected cases of inconclusive results in both skin tests and IgE assays, a graded challenge or induction of drug tolerance with the implicated cephalosporin should be performed.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cephalosporins* ; Diagnosis* ; Drug Tolerance ; Hypersensitivity ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate* ; Immunoglobulin E ; Penicillins ; Skin Tests
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cephalosporins* ; Diagnosis* ; Drug Tolerance ; Hypersensitivity ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate* ; Immunoglobulin E ; Penicillins ; Skin Tests
The Effects of Environmental Toxins on Allergic Inflammation.
Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research.2014;6(6):478-484. doi:10.4168/aair.2014.6.6.478
The prevalence of asthma and allergic disease has increased worldwide over the last few decades. Many common environmental factors are associated with this increase. Several theories have been proposed to account for this trend, especially those concerning the impact of environmental toxicants. The development of the immune system, particularly in the prenatal period, has far-reaching consequences for health during early childhood, and throughout adult life. One underlying mechanism for the increased levels of allergic responses, secondary to exposure, appears to be an imbalance in the T-helper function caused by exposure to the toxicants. Exposure to environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals can result in dramatic changes in cytokine production, the activity of the immune system, the overall Th1 and Th2 balance, and in mediators of type 1 hypersensitivity mediators, such as IgE. Passive exposure to tobacco smoke is a common risk factor for wheezing and asthma in children. People living in urban areas and close to roads with a high volume of traffic, and high levels of diesel exhaust fumes, have the highest exposure to environmental compounds, and these people are strongly linked with type 1 hypersensitivity disorders and enhanced Th2 responses. These data are consistent with epidemiological research that has consistently detected increased incidences of allergies and asthma in people living in these locations. During recent decades more than 100,000 new chemicals have been used in common consumer products and are released into the everyday environment. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the environmental effects on allergies of indoor and outside exposure.
Adult ; Asthma ; Child ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immune System ; Immunoglobulin E ; Incidence ; Inflammation* ; Prevalence ; Respiratory Sounds ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tobacco ; Vehicle Emissions
Adult ; Asthma ; Child ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immune System ; Immunoglobulin E ; Incidence ; Inflammation* ; Prevalence ; Respiratory Sounds ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tobacco ; Vehicle Emissions
Role of Murine Asthma Model in Discovering Asthma Susceptible Genes.
Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research.2014;6(6):475-477. doi:10.4168/aair.2014.6.6.475
No abstract available.
Asthma*
Asthma*
Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research.2014;6(5):470-473. doi:10.4168/aair.2014.6.5.470
We report the case of a snack processor who developed occupational rhinoconjunctivitis due to maize brand exposure during the extrusion process, and who experienced abdominal pain upon drinking beer. The allergens implicated and the cross-reactivity between non-specific lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) from different cereals and peach were investigated. Skin prick tests and specific IgE to cereal flours, pulmonary functions tests and specific conjunctival and inhalation challenges to maize extract were performed. In vitro studies included IgE immunoblotting and ELISA inhibition assays. Skin prick tests with maize flour, maize brand and wheat flour extracts were positive, whereas serum specific IgE was positive only to maize flour. Specific inhalation challenge (SIC) to maize flour did not elicit an asthmatic reaction; however, conjunctival challenge test with the same extract was positive. Patient's serum recognized IgE-binding bands in the maize and beer extracts corresponding to LTPs. In the ELISA inhibition assays, a significant degree of allergenic cross-reactivity was found between maize and beer LTPs, whereas no cross-reactivity was observed between maize LTP and wheat and peach LTPs.
Abdominal Pain ; Allergens ; Beer ; Edible Grain* ; Drinking ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Flour ; Immunoblotting ; Immunoglobulin E ; Inhalation ; Prunus persica* ; Skin ; Snacks* ; Triticum ; Zea mays*
Abdominal Pain ; Allergens ; Beer ; Edible Grain* ; Drinking ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Flour ; Immunoblotting ; Immunoglobulin E ; Inhalation ; Prunus persica* ; Skin ; Snacks* ; Triticum ; Zea mays*
Country
Republic of Korea
Publisher
Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology; Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease
ElectronicLinks
http://e-aair.org/Editor-in-chief
Hae-Sim Park
aair.editor1@gmail.com
Abbreviation
Allergy Asthma Immunol Res
Vernacular Journal Title
ISSN
2092-7355
EISSN
2092-7363
Year Approved
2011
Current Indexing Status
Currently Indexed
Start Year
2009
Description
The Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research journal (pISSN 2092-7355, eISSN 2092-7363) is an official publication of the Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease and found in 2009. Published bimonthly (January, March, May, July, September, and November), the journal features cutting-edge original research, brief communications, and state-of-the-art reviews in the specialties of allergy, asthma, and immunology, including clinical and experimental studies and instructive case reports. Contemporary reviews summarize information on topics for researchers and physicians in the fields of allergy and immunology
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