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Anatomy in Disaster Victim Identification: Air China Crash near Kimhae Airport.

Ki Hwan HAN ; Gam Rae JO ; Dae Kyoon PARK ; U Young LEE ; Seung Ho HAN ; Jin KIM ; Il Hoon KWON ; Kwang Hoon KIM

Korean Journal of Anatomy.2003;36(1):39-48.

Positive identification of human remains is one of the most important tasks in mass disaster management. Intervention of highly trained anatomists is essential for the effective procedures. However, most anatomists have not so much chances and/or experiences in this field in Korea. Recently, there was an aircraft accident leaving 128 people dead or missing. Most of the bodies were severely fragmented and incinerated beyond recognition. We joined as a member of national identification team and supported identifying skeletal remains. Physical characteristics of the dead bodies were obtained through autopsies and X-ray. We also interviewed family members of the victims and collected antemortem medical and dental records. Collaboration between the different professional investigators involving anatomists, forensic pathologists, odontologists, and other scientists resulted in rapid resolution and identified 126 of the 128 victims in 26 days. This article represents diverse methods that were used and the results including DNA typing, dental records and specific anatomical or X-ray findings.
Aircraft ; Airports* ; Anatomists ; Autopsy ; China* ; Cooperative Behavior ; Dental Records ; Disaster Victims* ; Disasters* ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Gyeongsangnam-do* ; Humans ; Korea ; Research Personnel

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Changes of the Cholinergic Innervation to the Hippocampus after Entorhinal Cortex Lesion in Rat.

Mi Hee KO ; Dae Sung KIM ; Kyung Hee BYUN ; Jae Woo KIM ; Myeong Ju KIM ; Moon You OH ; Bong Hee LEE

Korean Journal of Anatomy.2003;36(1):31-38.

The hippocampus is known as involved in learning and memory functions and the entorhinal cortex plays a crucial role as a gateway connecting the several areas and hippocampal formation. Entorhinal cortex lesions have been employed in numerous studies as the Alzheimer's disease model. The purpose of this study were to identify the CNS hip-pocampal and cholinergic pathway and to investigate the morphological changes of the hippocampal cholinergic inner-vations by using the Pseudorabies virus injection into the hippocampus after entorhinal cortex lesions. The pseudorabies virus and double labelled neurons (ChAT and PRV) were distributed at several different nuclei including agranular insular cortex, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, central amygdala, globus pallidus, lateral segment, lateral hypothalamic area, laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, medial septal nucleus, mesencephalic reticular nucleus, periaqueductal gray matter and substantia innominata The morphological changes were observed in the hippocampal cholinergic innervation after entorhinal cortex lesions. These data suggested that the hippocampal cholinergic innervation showed morphological changes throughout the whole brain areas after entorhinal cortex lesion.
Alzheimer Disease ; Amygdala ; Animals ; Brain ; Entorhinal Cortex* ; Globus Pallidus ; Herpesvirus 1, Suid ; Hippocampus* ; Hypothalamic Area, Lateral ; Learning ; Memory ; Neurons ; Periaqueductal Gray ; Rats* ; Septal Nuclei ; Substantia Innominata

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Nociceptive and Trigeminal Cardiovascular Reflex Mechanisms after Noxious Intrapulpal Stimulation of the Rat Incisors.

Ji Yeon JUNG ; Yeon Jin JEONG ; Sun Hun KIM ; Won Mann OH ; Ki Heon LEE ; Min Seok KIM ; Ok Joon KIM ; Ha Ok PARK ; Hee Kyun OH ; Eun Ju LEE ; Mi Won KIM ; Won Jae KIM

Korean Journal of Anatomy.2003;36(1):23-30.

Expression of c-Fos, an immediate early gene, has accepted to be a marker of functional activity in neurons. This study was aimed to investigate the dental pain pathway and the affection of dental pain on other brain regions such as the cardiovascular regulation center using c-Fos immunohistochemistry. Expression of c-Fos in Sprague Dawley rats weighting 300 ~350 gm was examined 1.5 hr after dental pain elicited by intrapulpal injecton of 2 M KCl into upper and lower incisor pulps exposed by bone cutter. c-Fos positive neurons were demonstrated in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis and the ventroposterior medial nucleus of thalamus known to be a sharp pathway. Dental pain enhanced mean arterial pressure and heart rate. In addition, c-Fos expression was induced in the rostral ventrolateral nucleus of medulla oblongata, nucleus tractus solitarius, paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus, central presser areas of systemic blood pressure. These results suggest that trigeminal nucleus caudalis and ventroposterior medial nucleus of thalamus plays vital roles in the transmission of dental pain besides, dental pain affected the central cardiovescular regulation centers, resulting to the elevation of systemic blood pressure.
Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Brain ; Heart Rate ; Hypothalamus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Incisor* ; Medulla Oblongata ; Neurons ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reflex* ; Solitary Nucleus ; Supraoptic Nucleus ; Thalamus ; Trigeminal Nuclei

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Expression of the ED3 Antigen and its Upregulation after Cyclophosphamide Treatment on Basal Epithelial Cells of Rat Stratified Squamous Epithelium.

Hyung Uk CHOI ; Sook Kyung LEE ; Na Ree SHIM ; Hee Woo LEE ; Sun Yong BAEK ; Jae Bong KIM ; Bong Seon KIM ; Sik YOON

Korean Journal of Anatomy.2003;36(1):1-10.

Sialoadhesin (Sn) expression has been demonstrated on murine and rat macrophages in lymphatic organs and is recognized by the monoclonal antibody (mAb) ED3 in the rat. Sialoadhesin (Siglec-1), the ED3 antigen in the rat, is a subtype of sialic acid -binding Ig-like lectins (Siglecs) that bind specifically to sialic acid-containing structures such as selectins and was originally identified as the sheep erythrocyte receptor (SER) responsible for sialic acid-dependent binding of native sheep erythrocytes (SE) to resident murine bone marrow macrophages in rosetting assays. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and potential function of sialoadhesin in the stratified squamous epithelium of the rat tongue, esophagus and skin. The expression of sialoadhesin was demonstrated by immunohistochemical analysis with the mAb ED3. This study demonstrated not only the presence of sialoadhesin on the basal epithelial cells of the stratified epithelium in normal rat tongue, esophagus and skin but also its upregulated expression on these cells in CY-treated rats. The results of the present study shed some light on the potential function of sialoadhesin in the basal epithelial cells of the stratified epithelium. Further studies may provide more insight into the role of sialoadhesin in the epithelial stem cells.
Animals ; Bone Marrow ; Cyclophosphamide* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Epithelium* ; Erythrocytes ; Esophagus ; Lectins ; Macrophages ; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid ; Rats* ; Selectins ; Sheep ; Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 1 ; Skin ; Stem Cells ; Tongue ; Up-Regulation*

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Serially Rotated Images of the Dissected Knee for Learning Knee Anatomy.

Jin Seo PARK ; Min Suk CHUNG ; Parvati DEV ; Eric HERBRANSON

Korean Journal of Anatomy.2007;40(3):193-201.

The purpose of this study is to present the serially rotated images (SRIs) of the dissected knee for the production of educational software of knee anatomy. In order to achieve the purpose, the SRIs of dissected knee were generated as follows. An embalmed knee was serially dissected to make eight layers of the dissected knee. The knee in each layer was serially rotated at every five degree angle and photographed to obtain 72 SRIs. In every SRI, all anatomical structures were annotated. The knee was serially flexed to make additional SRIs. Similar procedures were performed with a fresh knee. The SRIs of knee, prepared in this study, will be used as sources of the software, which will be helpful in educating knee anatomy.
Knee* ; Learning*

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Morphology and Distribution of Gap Junction in Horizontal Cells of the Rabbit Retina.

Jiook CHA ; In Beom KIM

Korean Journal of Anatomy.2008;41(4):271-277.

Horizontal cells (HCs) of the mammalian retina are interneurons that provide negative feedback to photoreceptors in the outer plexiform layer (OPL) where the first synapse occurs and contribute to the center surround antagonism that underlies the receptive field properties of many retinal neurons. These functions of HCs are thought to be attributed to their coupled network via gap junctions. Two kinds of connexin (Cx) proteins, Cx50 and 57 are known to form gap junctions of HCs. However, little is known about precise localization of gap junctions within HCs. Thus, this study was designed to determine the localization of HC gap junctions at subcellular level. In vertical ultrathin sections of the rabbit retina, gap junctions composed of Cx50 and 57 were identified in the OPL by the electron-dense reaction products. Each Cx50 and 57 gap junction on putative HC processes showed its own distinct features. Cx50 gap junction was bigger in size and localized more proximally than Cx57. In addition, Cx57 gap junctions had distinct shape. That is, about a half of them appeared to be invaginated or endocytosed in shape. The differences in shape, size and subcellular localization between Cx50 and 57 gap junctions may provide the insights into the function of different types of horizontal cell.
Gap Junctions ; Interneurons ; Proteins ; Retina ; Retinal Neurons ; Synapses

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The Expression of Label-retaining Cells (LRCs) in Developing Rat Kidney.

Eun Young PARK ; Yu Mi KIM ; Wan Young KIM ; Jin KIM

Korean Journal of Anatomy.2008;41(4):279-287.

Adult stem cells often have a low cycling rate and contribute to repair after injury by self-renewal and multiple cell division. In this study, we investigated the changes of the expression of label-retaining cells (LRCs) in developing rat kidneys which administered 5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine (BrdU) at embryonic day 18. In the cortex, BrdU-positive cells are localized mainly at embryonic day 18 and 20, but BrdU-positive cells after birth were rapidly decreased and almost not observed at day 14 after birth. In the medulla, the numerous BrdU-positive cells were markedly decreased in outer medulla at day 1 after birth and initial part of inner medulla at day 4 and 14 after birth, while the expression of BrdU-positive cells in the middle part (IMm) and terminal part of inner medulla (IMt) were not changes. At day 31 after birth as well as adult, BrdU-positive cells were remained in the IMm and IMt, which were mainly localized inner medullary collecting duct except a few BrdU-positive cells in the interstitium. Taken together, these observations suggest that the expression of LRCs were moved from cortex to medulla in developing kidney and the most LRCs are localized among renal epithelial tubular cells of the renal papilla in adult rat kidney.
Adult ; Adult Stem Cells ; Animals ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Cell Division ; Humans ; Kidney ; Parturition ; Rats

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Alterations of Aquaporin-1, 2, 3 Protein Expression in Pregnant Rat Kidney.

Hye Jung CHO ; Chang Bae LEE ; Kyu Youn AHN

Korean Journal of Anatomy.2008;41(4):289-298.

The pregnancy causes the marked change in maternal renal hemodynamic and volume homeostasis. During pregnancy, renal sodium and water retention result in an expansion of extracellular fluid and plamsma volume. Although many studies suggested that water balance or water balance disorder was associated with regulation of Aquaporin (AQP) expression, the studies were only limited to AQP-2 expression during the pregnancy. The present study was to examine altered expression and distribution of AQP-1, 2, and 3 proteins in the kidneys of non-pregnant (NP) and pregnant rats using Westhern blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were evaluated on various time sets: days 10.5 (P10.5), 12.5 (P12.5), 17.5 (P17.5), and 19.5 (P19.5). In Westhern blot analysis, expression of AQP-1, 2 was peaked at P17.5 and AQP-3 at 19.5. Immunoreactivity of AQP-1 of NP rat was detected in the apical membranes of proximal tubules and thin limb of Henle loop. In pregnant rats, the pattern of cellular labeling of AQP-1 protein was identical to NP rat, but signal intensity was continuously increased from P10.5 and peaked at P17.5. In NP rat, immunoreactivity of AQP-2 was the most prominent in apical region and moderate in cytoplasm of the principal cells of entire collecting duct. In pregnant rats, the pattern of cellular labeling of AQP-2 protein was identical to NP rat, but signal intensity was moderately expressed in P10.5 and P12.5 and most prominent signal was observed in P19.5. In NP rat, immunoreactivity of AQP-3 was most prominent in the bosolateral plasma membrane of principal cells of entire collecting duct. In pregnant rats, the pattern of cellular labeling of AQP-3 protein was identical to NP rat, but signal intensity was continuously increased from P10.5 to P17.5 and peaked at P19.5. These results suggest that the expansion of extracellular fluid volume and water retention are regulated by AQP-1, 2, and 3 during the pregnancy, especially at late stage.
Animals ; Cell Membrane ; Cytoplasm ; Extracellular Fluid ; Extremities ; Hemodynamics ; Homeostasis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney ; Loop of Henle ; Membranes ; Pregnancy ; Proteins ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Retention (Psychology) ; Sodium

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Decreased Calbindin-immunoreactive Renshaw Cells (RCs) in the Lumbar Spinal Cord of the Ataxic Pogo Mice.

Jin Seong KIM ; Jae Min KIM ; Jin A SON ; Seung Yun HAN ; Chul Tae KIM ; Nam Seob LEE ; Young Gil JEONG

Korean Journal of Anatomy.2008;41(4):255-263.

Calbindin D-28K (CALB) is one of the calcium-binding proteins which is assumed to be buffering, transport of Ca2+, and regulation of various enzyme systems. In the spinal cord, a subpopulation of calbindin-immunoreactive neurons located in the ventral portion of lamina VII, medial to the motoneuron column, has recently been proposed to be Renshaw cells (RCs), that mediate recurrent inhibition of spinal alpha-motoneurons, based on the anatomical location. In this study, we have performed to investigate the correlation between RCs containing high levels of CALB and motoneurons in the ventral horn of lumbar spinal cord of the ataxic pogo mice, that characterized by a failures of interlimb coordination, and prolonged excessive tone of hindlimb extensor muscles. We have shown that CALB immunoreactive RCs was significantly decreased in the ventral horn of lumbar spinal cord of the ataxic pogo mice (p.0.05), when compared with the control mice. Whereas, CALB immunoreactivity expression levels were no difference in the dorsal horn. Furthermore, CALB protein was significantly decreased in the lumbar spinal cord of the ataxic pogo mice (p.0.01). However, there were no difference in the cervical and thoracic spinal cord of the between control and pogo mice. These results suggest that motoneurons of ventral horn of the lumbar spinal cord might be more excited state, results in the decreased CALB immunoreactive RCs have not mediated a motoneuron excitability, in the atxic mice, pogo.
Animals ; Calcium-Binding Protein, Vitamin D-Dependent ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; Hindlimb ; Horns ; Mice ; Muscles ; Neurons ; Spinal Cord

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Electron microscopic study on the motor control system of the brain of the head-irradiated rats II. ultrastructural study on the pineal gland of the head-irradiated rats.

Tae Seung CHO ; Nam Gil YANG ; E Tay AHN ; Jeong Sik KO

Korean Journal of Anatomy.1991;24(1):36-53.

No abstract available.
Animals ; Brain* ; Pineal Gland* ; Rats*

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