Distribution of NPY-immunoreactive neurons in the visual cortex of the cat.
Korean Journal of Anatomy.1993;26(3):258-267.
Korean Journal of Anatomy
1968 to Present ISSN: 1225-1305
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Sex of Ancient Mongolian Human Bones Using Biallelic Marker RPS4Y for Y haplogroup.
Korean Journal of Anatomy.2007;40(4):359-366.
Many data from ancient human remains became useful by molecular approach for ancient human DNA. In anthropology, genetic sex is essential to understand marriage and burial patterns, differential mortality rates between sexes, and differential patterns by sex of disease, diet, status, and material possessions. This study was designed to determine genotype sex of 52 ancient human bones with well preserved skulls, and to compare with the orphological sex. Parts of femur and other bones were used as ancient bones excavated in Mongolia aged between bronze and Mongol period. Morphological sex was determined by Mongolian scientist, and genotype sex was determined by using biallelic marker RPS4Y for Y haplogroup. Of 52 genetic males, 10 samples were morphologically female. In conclusion, biallelic marker RPS4Y. PCR amplication method will be useful in sex determination of ancient bones.
Anthropology ; Burial ; Diet ; DNA ; Female ; Femur ; Genotype ; Humans* ; Male ; Marriage ; Mongolia ; Mortality ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Skull ; Y Chromosome
Anthropology ; Burial ; Diet ; DNA ; Female ; Femur ; Genotype ; Humans* ; Male ; Marriage ; Mongolia ; Mortality ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Skull ; Y Chromosome
Down-Regulation of Aquaporin 4 in the Lithium-Treated Rat Brain.
Korean Journal of Anatomy.2007;40(4):311-317.
Lithium has long been a primary drug used to treat bipolar mood disorder. Recently, in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated neuroprotective actions of lithium, even though therapeutic mechanisms of lithium remain obscure. The present study was undertaken to examine whether pretreatment with lithium can reduce the expression of aquaporin4 (AQP4) related to brain edema. Chronic lithium treatment was produced by pellet of standard diet containing 40 mmol/dL and/or 60 mmol/dL lithium chloride for 25 days. The serum concentrations of lithium were increased to 0.60+/-0.1 mEq/L in the 40 mM/dL and 60 mM/dL lithium treated rats which is therapeutic dose of clinical practice. After chronic lithium treatment, there was a dose-dependent down-regulation of AQP4 expression in the cerebrospinal fluid-brain interfaces and blood brain barrier. Down-regulation of AQP4 after chronic lithium treatment suggest that lithium may be used for the prevention or treatment of brain edema.
Animals ; Aquaporin 4* ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain Edema ; Brain* ; Diet ; Down-Regulation* ; Lithium ; Lithium Chloride ; Mood Disorders ; Rats*
Animals ; Aquaporin 4* ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain Edema ; Brain* ; Diet ; Down-Regulation* ; Lithium ; Lithium Chloride ; Mood Disorders ; Rats*
Effects of Dexamethasone Withdrawal on Proliferation and Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
Korean Journal of Anatomy.2007;40(4):375-382.
With potential of differentiation into many different lineages, mesenchymal stem cells have been candidate on cell therapy for recovery of injured body. Dexamethasone plays important role in mesenchymal stem cells differentiation and can derived into osteoblast, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and fibroblasts in vitro. There has been many studies on effect of dexamethasone for differentiation of MSCs with continuous exposure, but little work on the effect for deprivation during this progress. This result will be an important guild line for evaluation of transplanted MSCs after pretreatment with dexamethasone. In this study, dexamethasone was deprived by weekly withdrawal schedule in the process of differentiation induction by dexamethasone. During this period, expression of APase was evaluated as mark of osteoblast differentiation and number of BrdU incorporated cells were counted as index of proliferation. APase level of one or two week exposure groups decreased immediately after deprivation of dexamethasone and approached to control level at 4~5 week but three or four week exposure groups reached peak level at 3th week then decreased but still remained higher level than other groups. Dexamethasone exposure groups showed the trend of decreased in mitotic activity compared to control, but there were significant increase in mitosis after deprivation of dexamethasone. This pattern prominent in 6, 9, 12, 15 day exposure groups. These results showed that the effect of dexamethasone derived MSCs differentiation into osteoblasts is faint without full enough exposure and the period should be more than three weeks.
Adipocytes ; Appointments and Schedules ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy ; Chondrocytes ; Dexamethasone* ; Fibroblasts ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells* ; Mitosis ; Osteoblasts
Adipocytes ; Appointments and Schedules ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy ; Chondrocytes ; Dexamethasone* ; Fibroblasts ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells* ; Mitosis ; Osteoblasts
Korean Journal of Anatomy.2007;40(4):367-374.
The pronator teres syndrome can occur when the median nerve is compressed by the adjacent structures in the proximal forearm. The pronator teres and the flexor digitorum superficialis muscles have been suggested to contribute to this syndrome. This study was performed to clarify the topographical relationship among the median nerve, the pronator teres muscle and the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle in 55 Korean adult cadavers (100 sides of arms). The two heads of the pronator teres muscle met at the point of 61.3 mm distal to the biepicondylar line and inserted to the radius at the point of 141.5 mm distal to the line. The ulnar side of its ulnar head was muscular in 8%, tendinous in 70%, and mixed in 20%. The radial side of its humeral head was muscular in 53%, tendinous in 14%, and mixed in 33%. The median nerve was completely covered by the pronator muscle within 26.5 mm from the biepicondylar line and entered between the two heads of the pronator muscle at 54.2 mm from the line and exited it after running 25.5 mm. The most distal part of the musculotendinous arch of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle was located at the average 80.9 mm from the biepicondylar line. The distalmost radial head of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle originated from the distal point of the pronator teres insertion in 28.6%, distal to that point in 54.3%, and proximal to that point in 14.3%.
Adult ; Cadaver ; Forearm ; Head ; Humans ; Humeral Head ; Median Nerve* ; Muscles* ; Radius ; Running
Adult ; Cadaver ; Forearm ; Head ; Humans ; Humeral Head ; Median Nerve* ; Muscles* ; Radius ; Running
Immunocytochemical Localization of GABA Transporter-3 in the Guinea Pig Retina.
Korean Journal of Anatomy.2002;35(2):173-177.
The cellular localization of the GABA transporter-3 (GAT-3) was examined in the guinea pig retina by immunocytochemistry, using antisera against GAT-3. GAT-3 immunoreactivity was localized to cell bodies in the inner nuclear layer, and labeled processes were densely distributed in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) close to the ganglion cell layer. All GAT-3 labeled cells exhibited GAD65 immunoreactivity. In addition, 67% of GAT-3 labeled amacrine cells showed carbohydrate epitope CD15 immunoreactivity. These results indicate that GAT-3 is involved in modulating the rod pathway in the IPL of the guinea pig retina via presumptive A17 amacrine cells.
Amacrine Cells ; Animals ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid* ; Ganglion Cysts ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Immune Sera ; Immunohistochemistry ; Retina*
Amacrine Cells ; Animals ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid* ; Ganglion Cysts ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Immune Sera ; Immunohistochemistry ; Retina*
Differential Effect of Capsaicin on the Cell Death in Primary Cultured Neurons.
Korean Journal of Anatomy.2002;35(2):161-171.
Capsaicin, the pungent algesic substance of the red pepper is known to be a neurotoxic substance, interrupting the pain conducting pathway. The neurotoxic effects of capsaicin to adult animals were regarded to be limited to the peripheral nervous system. Several reports suggested that central nervous system could be changed after capsaicin administration to the adult rats. To determine the effect of capsaicin to central nervous system, morphologic changes and biochemical assay were investigated in mouse primary cultured CNS neuron. The susceptability of capsaicin differs throughout different parts of brain areas. Cerebral cortex and hippocampus were more sensitive, while striatum, thalamus and midbrain area were less sensitive to capsaicin. After capsaicin treatment, cortical and hippocampal neurons died in dose-and time-dependent manner. By observation of nuclear fragmentation of capsaicin treated neuron, it is thought that the type of cell death is apoptosis rather than necrosis. The capsaicin receptor- immunoreactive cells were observed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. It is consistent with area of damaged neuron. These results demonstrate that capsaicin induced the apoptosis through acting with capsaicin receptors; calcium influx due to activation of capsaicin receptor may induce apoptosis.
Adult ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Brain ; Calcium ; Capsaicin* ; Capsicum ; Cell Death* ; Central Nervous System ; Cerebral Cortex ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Mesencephalon ; Mice ; Necrosis ; Neurons* ; Peripheral Nervous System ; Rats ; Thalamus ; TRPV Cation Channels
Adult ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Brain ; Calcium ; Capsaicin* ; Capsicum ; Cell Death* ; Central Nervous System ; Cerebral Cortex ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Mesencephalon ; Mice ; Necrosis ; Neurons* ; Peripheral Nervous System ; Rats ; Thalamus ; TRPV Cation Channels
Korean Journal of Anatomy.2002;35(2):153-159.
This study was performed to investigate the morphology of the enteric nervous system and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the murine ileum. The PGP9.5-like immunoreactive (PGP9.5-LI) neurons and the c-Kit-like immunoreactive (c-Kit-LI) ICCs were stained by indirect immunofluorescence method and were observed under the confocal laser scanning microscopy. According to three dimensional reconstruction study, it was found that the PGP9.5-LI neurons and the c-Kit-LI ICCs were widely distributed in the intestinal wall : (1) In circular muscle layer, PGP9.5-LI nerve fibers were paralell to circular muscle layer. (2) In the myenteric plexus, the PGP9.5-LI nerve were closely apposed to the adjacent PGP9.5-LI nerve, constituting the networks. (3) In double-labeling immunohistochemistry using anti-PGP9.5 and anti-c-Kit antibodies, the c-Kit-LI networks encircled around the neural strands. The characteristic arrangement of the PGP9.5-LI enteric nervous system and the ICC containing c-Kit-positive cells provide a morphological basis upon the mechanism regulating gastro-intestinal motility and the pathogenesis of gatro-intestinal disorders.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Enteric Nervous System* ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Ileum* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Interstitial Cells of Cajal* ; Mice ; Microscopy, Confocal* ; Myenteric Plexus ; Nerve Fibers ; Neurons
Animals ; Antibodies ; Enteric Nervous System* ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Ileum* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Interstitial Cells of Cajal* ; Mice ; Microscopy, Confocal* ; Myenteric Plexus ; Nerve Fibers ; Neurons
The Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in Rat Hepatic Erythropoiesis.
Korean Journal of Anatomy.2002;35(2):143-152.
Hepatic erythropoiesis is a characteristic event of the fetal liver. Generally, the erythropoiesis shows 4 phases: developing (embryonic day (ED) 10 to 14), maximum flat (ED 14 to 16), decreasing (ED 17 to 20), and disappearing day 1 to 10 after birth. In present study, TUNEL positive erythropoietic apoptotic cells were detected and increased through maximum flat phase, resulting in inducing decreasing phase. These results implicate that apoptosis is involved in the regulation of erythropoiesis in the fetal liver. Interestingly, the Bax over expressed in proerythroblasts and basophilic erythroblasts during developing phase, while Bcl-2 in polychromatic and acidophilic erythroblasts during decreasing phase. Moreover, in contrast to Bcl-2, Bax decreased from ED16, on which few erythropoietic cells were seen transiently. During disappearing phase, Bax increased by 2 to 3 times. But a rapid decline of Bcl-2 expression occurred on 1 day after birth. Thus, these results imply that the Bcl-2 and Bax play a role in proliferation and maturation of the erythropoietic cells by regulating apoptosis of the cells, in the hepatic erythropoiesis.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Basophils ; Erythroblasts ; Erythropoiesis* ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Liver ; Parturition ; Rats*
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Basophils ; Erythroblasts ; Erythropoiesis* ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Liver ; Parturition ; Rats*
Korean Journal of Anatomy.2002;35(2):133-142.
The present study was performed to corroborate our hypothesis that soybean diet or SBTI treatment could stimulate neogenic regeneration of pancreatic beta cells, but also increase insulin synthesis and secretion from the beta cells for correction of hyperglycemia and diabetic symptoms. We, thus, monitored the beta cell regeneration in the neogenic pancreas as well as the changes of the blood glucose and insulin levels after subtotal pancreatectomy. The diabetic animals with hyperglycemia induced by the subtotal pancreatectomy showed recovery of blood glucose level toward the normal range (<150 mg/dl) by giving raw soybean for 3~4 weeks. Most animals treated with SBTI remained in euglycemic condition in spite of diabetic induction by subtotal pancreatectomy. Their serum insulin level was also recovered to the level of normal control, indicating the increased insulin synthesis and secretion from the neogenic beta cells. Neogenic area was enlarged at least 2 times in the pancreatectomized rats with dietary soybean or SBTI treatment, when compared with their pancreatectomized controls without any dietary treatment. In neogenic tissue, few endocrine cells were detected as a single cell or cell cluster at 3 days, and they formed primitive islet at 7 days after pancreatectomy in non-treated controls. The numbers of beta cells as well as alpha cells were considerably increased in the SBTI treated rats, and early formation of primitive islets were found in the neogenic tissue of those animals at 3 days after pancreatectomy. Those beta cells demonstrated a strong immunoreactivity for insulin, indicating their bioactive insulin secretion. Clusterin, a marker protein for pancreatic neogenesis, was expressed in the wider pancreatic area and at earlier stage after pancreatectomy when compared with non-treated control rats, indicating acceleration and stimulation of neogenesis of pancreas by stimulating proliferation and differentiation of the functional pancreatic cells. Taken together, we concluded that dietary soybean and SBTI could stimulate beta cell neogenesis and induce activation of insulin synthesis and secretion from the neogenic beta cells for correction of glucose homeostasis in diabetic subjects.
Acceleration ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Clusterin ; Diet* ; Endocrine Cells ; Glucose ; Homeostasis ; Hyperglycemia ; Insulin ; Insulin-Secreting Cells ; Pancreas ; Pancreatectomy* ; Rats ; Reference Values ; Regeneration ; Soybeans* ; Trypsin*
Acceleration ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Clusterin ; Diet* ; Endocrine Cells ; Glucose ; Homeostasis ; Hyperglycemia ; Insulin ; Insulin-Secreting Cells ; Pancreas ; Pancreatectomy* ; Rats ; Reference Values ; Regeneration ; Soybeans* ; Trypsin*
Country
Republic of Korea
Publisher
Korean Association of Anatomists
ElectronicLinks
http://acbjournal.orgEditor-in-chief
Abbreviation
Korean J Anat
Vernacular Journal Title
대한해부학회지
ISSN
1225-1305
EISSN
Year Approved
2007
Current Indexing Status
Currently Indexed
Start Year
1968
Description
Current Title
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