Journal Detail Information

1

Cite

Share

Localization of Nerves Innervating Lacrimal, Submandibular and Sublingual Gland in the Rat Brain Stem Using Cholera Toxin B Subunit.

Eui Hyeog HAN ; Chang Ho SONG ; Young Geun RYU ; Jong In LEE ; Moo Sam LEE

Korean Journal of Anatomy.1999;32(3):425-435.

In the rat brain stem, the origin of neurons and afferent fibers projecting to the lacrimal, submandibular or sublingual gland was investigated by means of retrograde transport of Cholera Toxin B Subunit (CTB), respectively. Injection of CTB into the lacrimal gland labeled their neurons in superior salivatory nucleus (SSN) and facial nucleus. Superior salivatory neurons innervating lacrimal gland were labeled more densely in the rostral and caudal part of SSN. In the facial nucleus, labeled cell bodys were seen in the posterolateral part of facial nucleus. Injection of CTB into the submandibular or sublingual gland labeled their neurons in SSN and their afferent fibers in nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). The superior salivatory neurons innervating submandibular or sublingual gland were labeled densely in the middle part of SSN. In the middle part of SSN, neurons innervating submandibular gland were labeled diffusely in the medial part of facial nerve and neurons innervating sublingual gland were labeled in the anteromedial and posterior part of facial nerve. The labeled nerve fibers in NTS were seen in the middle part of NTS.
Animals ; Brain Stem* ; Brain* ; Cholera Toxin* ; Cholera* ; Facial Nerve ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; Nerve Fibers ; Neurons ; Rats* ; Solitary Nucleus ; Sublingual Gland* ; Submandibular Gland

2

Cite

Share

The Effect of MPTP on Movement and TH-immunoreactive Neuronal Changes of C57BL/6 Mice in Relation to Aging.

Jae Woo KIM ; Sun Yong BAEK ; Hae Won YOON

Korean Journal of Anatomy.1999;32(3):421-424.

The effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) on movement and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive (ir) neuronal changes in young (5~6 weeks) and aged (10~12 months) C57BL/6 mice were studied. Locomotor activity was measured during 180 minutes after a single injection of 30 mg/kg of MPTP. For immunohistochemistry both young and aged mice were injected four repeated dosages of 10 mg/kg of MPTP 12 hours apart. We counted the numbers of TH-ir cell bodies using immunohistochemical technique in substantia nigra (SN), ventral tegmental area (VTA) and locus ceruleus (LC) 7 days after the last injection of MPTP. There was a marked decrease of locomotor activity in MPTP-treated young and aged mice, and a delay in recovery of locomotor activity in MPTP-treated aged mice. In young mice, there was a decrease in the number of TH-ir cell bodies in the SN of young mice, but not in VTA or LC. In aged mice, there was a significant decrease in the number of TH-ir cell bodies in VTA as well as SN. It was concluded that aged mice were more sensitive to MPTP than young mice, and MPTP-treated aged mice a more useful animal model for studing the characteristics of Parkinson's disease.
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine* ; Aging* ; Animals ; Immunohistochemistry ; Locus Coeruleus ; Mice* ; Models, Animal ; Motor Activity ; Neurons* ; Parkinson Disease ; Substantia Nigra ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ; Ventral Tegmental Area

3

Cite

Share

Postnatal development of the Ca2+ -binding proteins parvalbumin and calbindin D-28k containing neurons in the rat amygdala-An Immunohistochemical Study.

Yoon Young CHUNG ; Young HU ; Sang Pil YUN ; In Youb CHANG ; Jong Joong KIM ; Jeong Seok MOON

Korean Journal of Anatomy.1999;32(3):401-415.

The maturation pattern of the calcium binding proteins parvalbumin (PV) and calbindin-D28K (CB) from the day of birth, postnatal day 0 (P0) to 30 days (P5, P10, P15, P20, P30) and adult was studied in the rat amygdala using immunohistochemistry. PV and CB immunoreactivities in the amygdala of the rat showed very different patterns during postnatal development. The first PV-immunoreactive neurons appeared in the cortical amygdaloid nuclei and the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus at P5, and then in the lateral amygdaloid nucleus and the basomedial amygdaloid nucleus at P10. Adult patterns of PV-immunoreactive neurons were reached at P20. In contrast, CB-immunoreactive neurons were already found at birth in all amygdaloid nuclei except the intercalated nucleus. The intensity and number of immunoreactivity of CB-containing neurons increased during the first 10 days of postnatal life but dramatically decreased at P15. Mature patterns CB-immunoreactive neurons were achieved at P20. These two calcium binding proteins exhibited a non-homogeneous distribution in the adult amygdala, PV-immunoreactive neurons were mainly localized in the basolateral nuclear group but not in the medial amygdaloid nucleus, the cental amygdaloid nucleus and the intercalated nucleus. In contrast, CB-immunoreactive neurons were distributed in almost all amygdaloid nuclei except the intercalated nucleus. The present results showing different postnatal maturation patterns such as time of appearance, the number and distribution of immunoreactive cells suggest that PV and CB may play a different functional role during the postnatal development of the amygdala.
Adult ; Amygdala ; Animals ; Calbindin 1 ; Calbindins* ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neurons* ; Parturition ; Rats*

4

Cite

Share

Immunohistochemical Characterization of Dendritic Cells after Systemic Administration of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B.

Eun Joo JUN ; Sik YOON

Korean Journal of Anatomy.1999;32(3):389-399.

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) on dendritic cells (DCs) and other immune cells in the major lymphoid organs. A single dose of SEB (25 microgram/kg) was administered to BALB/c mice by intraperitoneal injection. After the mice were sacrificed in groups of three at 2 h, 6 h, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 1 week and 2 weeks, the spleen, lymph node and thymus were removed. The immunocytochemical characterization of the cells was carried out using various monoclonal antibodies in cryostat-cut sections. We demonstrated in this study the distribution patterns of DCs and their major costimulatory and adhesive molecules in the murine spleen, lymph node and thymus after SEB administration. We obtained the evidence for maturation of DCs in vivo in response to SEB. DCs were found in increased number in the periarterial lymphatitc sheath (PALS) of spleen, paracortex of lymph nodes and thymic medulla. CD86, ICAM-1 and MHC class II molecules were upregulated on the activated and matured DCs after SEB injection. The most salient feature of the present study was the differential expression pattern of the costimulatory and adhesive molecules on the activated DCs. In addition to DCs, T cells expressing T cell receptor Vbeta8 were increased in number after SEB treatment. In conclusion, SEB exhibited a potent and effective stimulative effect on DCs in vivo.
Adhesives ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Dendritic Cells* ; Enterotoxins* ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Lymph Nodes ; Mice ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; Spleen ; T-Lymphocytes ; Thymus Gland

5

Cite

Share

Migration of Normal Corneal Epithelial Cells in Rats.

Hoo Jae HANN ; Hee Lai LEE

Korean Journal of Anatomy.1999;32(3):383-388.

In the stratified squamous epithelium, most of basal cells in the entire epithelium function as stem cells. But many researchers report that stem cells in the corneal epithelium are located exclusively in the limbus. We planned to investigate the morphological characteristics of migrating corneal epithelial cells by the electron microscopy. Sprague-Dawley rats at fullterm, postnatal day 5, 10, 15, and adult were used as experimental animals. The results are as follows. 1. Stratification of the corneal epithelium : The number of layers in the corneal epithelium was dramatically increased in the period between postnatal day 10 and 15. 2. Migration of the corneal epithelial cells : In the groups of postnatal day 10 and adult, wide intercellular spaces were noted. Especially in the adult, the limbal side of basal cells was being lifted from the Bowman's membrane and centripetal polarity of them are noted. According to the above results, the wide intercellular spaces at postnatal day 10 seems to be resulted from the migration of corneal epithelial cells for epithelial stratification. The centripetal polarity of limbal basal cells in adult rat suggests that only the limbal basal cells may function as stem cells in that period.
Adult ; Animals ; Bowman Membrane ; Epithelial Cells* ; Epithelium ; Epithelium, Corneal ; Extracellular Space ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stem Cells

6

Cite

Share

Cloning and localization of novel stage-specific gene (PKrCb1) of the postnatal rat cerebellum.

Hyun KIM ; Seung Min KIM ; Sun Hwa PARK ; Chang Mee KIM ; Im Joo RHYU ; Yong Hyuck CHUN

Korean Journal of Anatomy.1999;32(3):375-381.

In rat that is helpless at birth, the cerebellum is in a corresponding state of immaturity, and its histogenesis and morphogenesis mainly occur after birth. The times and sites of origin of the four types of cerebellar local-circuit neurons, as well as their migration routes to specific positions in the cortex, their distinctive patterns of differentiation and growth, and their synaptogenesis, have been well studied. The stage-specific genes in the postnatal rat cerebellum may be related with these kind of neural development in the cerebellum. To clone the genes related with neural development in the postnatal cerebellum, developmentally differentially expressed genes were screened from postnatal rat cerebellum with ordered differential display (ODD) and the developmental expression pattern in the postnatal rat cerebella was investigated with in situ hybridization histochemistry. One novel postnatal stage-specific gene (PKrCb1) was cloned by ODD with 7 cDNA pools (P0, P3, P7, P12, P18, P25, adult rat cerebella). To investigate the developmental expression pattern of this novel gene on the cell level, in situ hybridization histochemistry was performed in the developing and adult rat brain sections. The developmental expression pattern of PKrCb1 in the cerebellum was well matched with spatiotemporal migration pattern of granule cells and it may be suspected that PKrCb1 is related with migration of granule cells from external granular layer to internal granular layer. From the results, it is suggested that the methods used in this experiment will be the powerful methods for the cloning and primary function study of the genes related with cerebellar development.
Adult ; Animals ; Brain ; Cerebellum* ; Clone Cells* ; Cloning, Organism* ; DNA, Complementary ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Morphogenesis ; Neurons ; Parturition ; Rats*

7

Cite

Share

Dopaminergic Neurons in the Olfactory Bulb: A Differences in the Insectivore and Rodents.

Young Gil JEONG ; Nam Seob LEE ; Moo Ho WON

Korean Journal of Anatomy.1999;32(3):361-374.

These studies document species differences in the distribution of the catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) within the main olfactory bulb (MOB) of a number of rodents and insectivore species including the rat, wild mouse, mongolian gerbil, stripped field mouse (apodemus agrarius), hedgehog, mole, laboratory shrew (suncus murinus). TH-containing neuronal perikarya were observed in the MOB of the both species of the rodents and insectivore except the hedgehog and laboratory shrew (suncus murinus). None of these cell groups displayed either dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH) or phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT). The number of stained somata and their intensity varied such that label was most prominent in the stripped field mouse followed in decreasing order by the rat, mongolian gerbil, wild mouse and mole. The vast majority of such cells occurred in the glomerular layer as periglomerular cells surrounging the glomeruli of the stripped field mouse, rat, mongolian gerbil, wild mouse and moles. Numerous additional cells were present in the external plexiform layer (EPL) and mitral cell layer (MCL). These often displayed long ascending immunoreactive processes and appeared to correspond to tufted cells. Also a few smaller, multipolar cells were present in the internal granular layer scattered among the granule cells. However, the hedgehog and laboratory shrew displayed no perikaryal staining in the MOB. In conclusion, these data suggest that TH is present in the MOB of stripped field mouse, rat, mongolian gerbil, wild mouse and moles but is not found in the MOB of the hedgehog and laboratory shrew, or that species differences exist in the level of TH.
Animals ; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase ; Dopaminergic Neurons* ; Gerbillinae ; Hedgehogs ; Mice ; Neurons ; Olfactory Bulb* ; Rats ; Rodentia* ; Shrews ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase

8

Cite

Share

Differential Expression and Cellular Localization of Na+-K+-ATPase Isoforms in Rat Salivary Gland.

Kyu Youn AHN ; Young Ju PARK ; Haeng Jae KIM

Korean Journal of Anatomy.1998;31(3):397-404.

It is the existence of a polarized distribution of ion transporters and channels which is thought to underlie the vectorial salt movement. The present study was performed to examine the expression and polarized distribution of Na+-K+-ATPase isoforms believed to be essential for salivary secretion in the rat salivary gland using immunohis-tochemistry. Na+-K+-ATPase alpha1 subunit immunoreactivity was prominent in the granular convoluted duct of the submandibular gland, and striated and excretory duct of three major salivary glands. The submandibular ganglion and postganglionic nerve fiber exhibited moderate immunoreactivity, whereas the intercalated duct and acinar cells of major salivary gland were weakly labeled. Na+-K+-ATPase beta1 subunit immunoreactivity was prominent in the granular convoluted duct of the submandibular gland, intercalated duct of the sublingual gland, acinar cells of the parotid gland, and striated and excretory ducts of major salivary gland. The submandibular ganglion, intercalated duct of the submandibular gland, and acinar cells of the sublingual gland exhibited moderate immunoreactivity, whereas acinar cells of the submandibular gland and intercalated duct of the parotid gland were weakly labeled. In these segments, alpha1 and beta1 immunoreactivity was expressed at the basolateral pole, and no apical expression was detected. These results suggest that major salivary glands are comprised of at least two structurally unique Na+-K+-ATPase isoforms, which are participated in primary saliva formation and transport.
Acinar Cells ; Animals ; Ganglion Cysts ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ion Transport ; Nerve Fibers ; Parotid Gland ; Protein Isoforms* ; Rats* ; Saliva ; Salivary Glands* ; Sublingual Gland ; Submandibular Gland

9

Cite

Share

Studies on the Production of Nitric Oxide, Interleukin-1 and Interleukin-6 in Mice Exposed with Sarcoma 180 Cells.

Kang Ryune KIM ; Kwang Hyuk KIM ; Yong Huck CHUN ; Yangil SUNWOO

Korean Journal of Anatomy.1998;31(3):349-359.

This study was conducted to elucidate the biological role of the overproduced nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-l (IL-l), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) which are known to elicit inflammation, rheumatic arthritis, fever, septic shock or other fatal reactions. I investigated whether the Scarcoma 180 cells elicit NO, IL-l and IL-6 production in vivo and in vitro by measuring the NO, IL-1 and IL-6 level in the splenocyte adherent cell (AD), non-adherent cell (NAD) and whole cell (W) exposed to sarcoma 180 cells. I also measured the NO, IL-1 and IL-6 level in the plasma and peritoneal fluid of the sarcoma 180 cell-transplanted mice after 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours and 24 hours of incubation. 1. In the splenocyte exposed to sarcoma 180 cells, the NO production of AD and NAD increased after 2, 4, and 6 hours but decreased after 24 hours of incubation. In the whole cell, the NO production was variable; it showed increased level of synthesis at 2 hours, decreased level at 4 hours, increased level again at 6 hours, and decreased level at 24 hours of incubation. In the plasma of the sarcoma 180 cell-transplanted mice, the NO synthesis significantly increased from the 6 hours of incubation. In the peritoneal fluid, the NO production significantly increased until the 4 hours of incubation then decreased gradually. However, it showed higher level of NO production compared to the control group. 2. For the splenocyte AD cell exposed to saracoma 180 cells, the IL-1 level decreased after 6 hours of incubation. For the W cells, the IL-1 level decreased at 4 hours then increased until 24 hours of incubation. The NAD cell showed increased level of IL-I production from 2 to 24 hours. All these cells showed significantly increased level of IL-1 production compared to the control. In the plasma of the sarcoma 180 cell-transplanted mice, the IL-1 production increased more than twice the level of control from the beginning. In the peritoneal fluid, no IL-1 production was detected as in the control. 3. The IL-6 synthesis of the sarcoma 180 cell-exposed splenocyte singnificantly increased compared to the control: the AD cell showed increased level of IL-6 production after 4 hours of incubation. For the NAD cell, increased level of IL-6 was detected at 2 hours after the incubation. In the plasma of the sarcoma 180 cells transplanted mice, the IL-6 level at 2 hours after incubation was 64.22+/- 5.85 pg/ml. After 4 hours of incubation, the level decreased to 43.55+/-1.56 pg/ml. At six and 24 hours after the incubation, no IL-6 was detected. In the control, IL-6 production was not detected. In the peritoneal fluid, the IL-6 production level was 712.41+/-4.27 pg/ml after 2 hours and 225.71+/-9.74 pg/ml after 4 hours of incubation, producing singnificantly higher level of IL-6 compared to the control. After 6 hours of incubation, IL-6 level was 8.27+/-0.78 pg/ml. After 24 hours of incubation, it decreased to 1.38+/-0.39 pg/ml as time proceeds. After 24 hours of incubation, the IL-6 level was the same as the control. These results suggest that the mice which were exposed to sarcoma 180 cells, nitric oxide, interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 which may lead to inflammation, fever, sepsis and septic shock. This study also helps us better understanding of the role of cytokines in inflammatory reaction.
Animals ; Ascitic Fluid ; Cytokines ; Fever ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-1* ; Interleukin-6* ; Mice* ; NAD ; Nitric Oxide* ; Plasma ; Rheumatic Fever ; Sarcoma 180* ; Sarcoma* ; Sepsis ; Shock, Septic

10

Cite

Share

Morphologic changes of intermediate filaments of ependymal cells in experimentally induced hydrocephalic rats.

Ho Jeong KIM ; Kyung Ah PARK ; Won Taek LEE

Korean Journal of Anatomy.1999;32(3):349-360.

Ependymal cells line the surface of cerebral ventricles. They do not regenerate after they are fully matured and have a limited response to injury. In hydrocephalus, the expansile force of the ventricular wall is applied to ependymal cells and causes cell deformity to some degree. As it is known that the intermediate filaments of a cell act as a framework that resists changes in cellular shape, there may be some detectable changes of intermediate filaments of ependymal cells in hydrocephalus. In developing ependymal cells, it is also unclear if there are any changes to intermediate filaments in hydrocephalus. Developing ependymal cells are known to lose their immunoreactivity to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a kind of intermediate filaments which exist in some neuroglial cells. We experimentally induced congenital and postnatal hydrocephalus and investigated the changes of immunore-activity against GFAP as well as the ultrastuctures of rat ependymal cells in both types of hydrocephalus. To induce congenital hydrocephalus, 40 mg/kg of ethylenethiourea (ETU) was orally administered to pregnant rats on the 15th day after conception. Tissues taken from fetuses on the 17th day, from newborn rats immediately after birth, and from rats of 1 week and 2 weeks after birth were obtained and processed for immunohistochemistry for GFAP and electron microscopy. Postnatal hydrocephalus was induced by injecting kaolin suspension into the subarachnoid space of 15-day-old rats. Ependymal tissues were obtained and processed for immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy after 1 and 2 weeks following injection. The results were as follows; 1. Congenital hydrocephalus was induced more consistently and extensively than postnatal hydrocephalus. 2. In congenital hydrocephalus, GFAP-reactive ependymal cells were found in lateral ventricles of 1-week and 2-week-old rats, while in control and postnatal hydrocephalic groups, GFAP-reactive ependymal cells were not found. GFAP-reactive cells tended to be found in clusters. 3. Electron microscopy showed ependymal cells in congenital hydrocephalus had a less marked flattening figure, scarce apical cilia, often widened regions in the intercellular gap, spaces in subependymal tissue, and different figures in mitochondria. Above all, intermediate filaments, including GFAP, increased and were irregularly arranged in ependymal cell cytoplasm in congenital hydrocephalus. Therefore, in congenitally-induced hydrocephalus, the ependymal cells appeared to have a greater responsiveness to expansile force and remained in a more premature state than postnatally-induced hydrocephalus.
Animals ; Cerebral Ventricles ; Cilia ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Cytoplasm ; Ethylenethiourea ; Fertilization ; Fetus ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infant, Newborn ; Intermediate Filaments* ; Kaolin ; Lateral Ventricles ; Microscopy, Electron ; Mitochondria ; Neuroglia ; Parturition ; Rats* ; Subarachnoid Space

DISPLAY OPTIONS

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share