Endocrinology and Metabolism.2017;32(3):396-397. doi:10.3803/EnM.2017.32.3.396
Endocrinology and Metabolism
1991 to Present ISSN: 2093-596X
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Endocrinology and Metabolism.2017;32(3):389-395. doi:10.3803/EnM.2017.32.3.389
BACKGROUND: Bone strength is impaired in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus despite an increase in bone mineral density (BMD). Thiazolidinedione (TZD), a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ agonist, promotes adipogenesis, and suppresses osteoblastogenesis. Therefore, its use is associated with an increased risk of fracture. The aim of this study was to examine the in vitro and in vivo effects of lobeglitazone, a new TZD, on bone. METHODS: MC3T3E1 and C3H10T1/2 cells were cultured in osteogenic medium and exposed to lobeglitazone (0.1 or 1 µM), rosiglitazone (0.4 µM), or pioglitazone (1 µM) for 10 to 14 days. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin red staining, and osteoblast marker gene expression were analyzed. For in vivo experiments, 6-month-old C57BL/6 mice were treated with vehicle, one of two doses of lobeglitazone, rosiglitazone, or pioglitazone. BMD was assessed using a PIXImus2 instrument at the baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: As expected, in vitro experiments showed that ALP activity was suppressed and the mRNA expression of osteoblast marker genes RUNX2 (runt-related transcription factor 2) and osteocalcin was significantly attenuated after rosiglitazone treatment. By contrast, lobeglitazone at either dose did not inhibit these variables. Rosiglitazone-treated mice showed significantly accelerated bone loss for the whole bone and femur, but BMD did not differ significantly between the lobeglitazone-treated and vehicle-treated mice. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that lobeglitazone has no detrimental effects on osteoblast biology and might not induce side effects in the skeletal system.
Adipogenesis ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Biology ; Bone and Bones ; Bone Density* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Femur ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Infant ; Mice* ; Osteoblasts ; Osteocalcin ; Peroxisomes ; RNA, Messenger ; Thiazolidinediones ; Transcription Factors
Adipogenesis ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Biology ; Bone and Bones ; Bone Density* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Femur ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Infant ; Mice* ; Osteoblasts ; Osteocalcin ; Peroxisomes ; RNA, Messenger ; Thiazolidinediones ; Transcription Factors
The Role of Circulating Slit2, the One of the Newly Batokines, in Human Diabetes Mellitus.
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2017;32(3):383-388. doi:10.3803/EnM.2017.32.3.383
BACKGROUND: Slit2 is a new secreted protein from adipose tissue that improves glucose hemostasis in mice; however, there is no study about the serum levels and precise role of Slit2 in human. The aim of this study is to explore the serum level of Slit2 in human, and to identify the role of Slit2 in diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS: The participants of this study consist of 38 subjects with newly diagnosed DM, and 75 healthy subjects as a control group. Serum Slit2 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Relationship between circulating Slit2 and diabetic related factors was investigated in diabetic group compared with non-diabetic group. Additionally, the correlations between the serum level of Slit2 and diverse metabolic parameters were analyzed. RESULTS: Circulating Slit2 level was more decreased in diabetic group than in control group, but there was no significant difference statistically. Interestingly, serum levels of Slit2 were significantly negatively correlated to the serum concentrations of fasting glucose (coefficient r=–0.246, P=0.008), the serum concentrations of postprandial glucose (coefficient r=–0.233, P=0.017), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c; coefficient r=–0.357, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: From our study, the first report of circulating Slit2 levels in human, circulating Slit2 level significantly negatively correlated with serum glucose and HbA1c. Our results suggest that the circulating Slit2 may play a role in maintainence of glucose homeostasis in human, even though exact contribution and mechanism are not yet known.
Adipokines ; Adipose Tissue ; Adipose Tissue, Brown ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Healthy Volunteers ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Hemostasis ; Homeostasis ; Humans* ; Mice
Adipokines ; Adipose Tissue ; Adipose Tissue, Brown ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Healthy Volunteers ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Hemostasis ; Homeostasis ; Humans* ; Mice
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2017;32(3):375-382. doi:10.3803/EnM.2017.32.3.375
BACKGROUND: Plasma soluble cluster determinant 36 (sCD36) level is closely related with insulin resistance and atherosclerosis, but little is known whether it could be a surrogate for estimating risk of developing diabetes or not. To address this, we evaluated association between sCD36 index, the product of sCD36 and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and then compared with triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index which has been suggested simple index for insulin resistance. METHODS: This was cross-sectional study, and participants were classified as normal glucose tolerance (NGT), prediabetes, and T2DM according to glucose tolerance. The formula of TyG index was ‘ln [FPG (mg/dL)×triglyceride (mg/dL)/2],’ and the sCD36 index was ‘ln [sCD36 (pg/mL)×FPG (mg/dL)/2].’ RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-five subjects (mean age, 55.2 years) were enrolled, and patients with T2DM were 75. Both indexes were significantly increased in prediabetes and T2DM rather than NGT, and sCD36 index was positively correlated with both glycosylated hemoglobin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r=0.767 and r=0.453, respectively; P<0.05) and negatively with homeostasis model assessment estimate of β-cell function (r=−0.317). The odds ratio (OR) of sCD36 index for T2DM was 4.39 (95% confidential interval, 1.51 to 12.77) after adjusting age, gender, blood pressure, smoking, alcohol, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. However, OR of TyG index did not remained significance after adjustment. CONCLUSION: sCD36 index has an independent association with the risk of T2DM, and showed better correlation than TyG index. These results suggest sCD36 index might be useful surrogate marker for the risk of diabetes.
Atherosclerosis ; Biomarkers ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; C-Reactive Protein ; Cholesterol ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Lipoproteins ; Odds Ratio ; Plasma ; Prediabetic State ; Prevalence* ; Smoke ; Smoking
Atherosclerosis ; Biomarkers ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; C-Reactive Protein ; Cholesterol ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Lipoproteins ; Odds Ratio ; Plasma ; Prediabetic State ; Prevalence* ; Smoke ; Smoking
Excessive Iodine Status among School-Age Children in Korea: A First Report.
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2017;32(3):370-374. doi:10.3803/EnM.2017.32.3.370
BACKGROUND: Korea is considered an iodine sufficient country, and several studies have been conducted regarding iodine status in healthy Korean adults, pregnant women, and preschool children. However, data on iodine status in Korean school-age children are lacking. Therefore, the iodine nutrition status of Korean school-age children was investigated by measuring urine iodine concentration (UIC). METHODS: This cross-sectional study conducted between April and September 2016 comprised 373 school-age children. UIC was determined using a modified microplate method employing ammonium persulfate digestion followed by Sandell-Kolthoff reaction. RESULTS: The median UIC was 458.2 µg/L. Excessive iodine intake (>300 µg/L) was found in 286 children (76.7%), with extremely high values exceeding 1,000 µg/L in 19.6% of subjects. Insufficient iodine intake (<100 µg/L) was observed in eight children (2.1%). UIC values were not significantly different between sexes. CONCLUSION: Korean school-age children showed excessive iodine intake. Therefore, education regarding adequate iodine intake in school-age children is needed.
Adult ; Ammonium Compounds ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Digestion ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Iodine* ; Korea* ; Methods ; Nutritional Status ; Pregnant Women
Adult ; Ammonium Compounds ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Digestion ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Iodine* ; Korea* ; Methods ; Nutritional Status ; Pregnant Women
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2017;32(3):360-369. doi:10.3803/EnM.2017.32.3.360
BACKGROUND: Ghrelin (GHRL), a gastric peptide encoded by the GHRL gene, is known to be involved in energy homeostasis via its G protein receptor, encoded by the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) gene. Some studies have shown associations between plasma GHRL levels and GHRL single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely the Leu72Met polymorphism (rs696217 TG), with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance (IR), while others have not. The controversies in these associations raise the issue of ‘which SNPs in which populations.’ The aim of this study was to investigate whether SNPs in GHRL and/or GHSR genes were associated with T2DM, IR, or plasma GHRL levels among Arab Saudis. METHODS: Blood was collected from 208 Saudi subjects with (n=107) and without (n=101) T2DM. DNA samples from these subjects were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction to genotype five intronic SNPs in the GHRL (rs696217 TG, rs27647 CT, rs2075356 CT, and rs4684677 AT) and GHSR (rs509030 GC) genes. In addition, plasma GHRL levels were measured by a radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: None of the SNPs were associated with T2DM, IR, or plasma GHRL levels. The frequencies of the alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes of the five SNPs were comparable between the T2DM patients and the non-diabetic subjects. A large number of the GHRL haplotypes indicates the molecular heterogeneity of the preproghrelin gene in this region. CONCLUSION: Neither the Leu72Met polymorphism nor the other intronic GHRL and GHSR SNPs were associated with T2DM, IR, or GHRL levels. Further investigations should be carried out to explain the molecular basis of the association of the GHRL peptide with T2DM and IR.
Alleles ; Arabs ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; DNA ; Genotype ; Ghrelin* ; GTP-Binding Proteins ; Haplotypes ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance* ; Insulin* ; Introns* ; Plasma ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Population Characteristics ; Radioimmunoassay ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Ghrelin
Alleles ; Arabs ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; DNA ; Genotype ; Ghrelin* ; GTP-Binding Proteins ; Haplotypes ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance* ; Insulin* ; Introns* ; Plasma ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Population Characteristics ; Radioimmunoassay ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Ghrelin
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2014;29(2):208-209. doi:10.3803/EnM.2014.29.2.208
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2014;29(2):206-207. doi:10.3803/EnM.2014.29.2.206
Recurrent Hypoglycemia Triggered by Sorafenib Therapy in a Patient with Hemangiopericytoma.
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2014;29(2):202-205. doi:10.3803/EnM.2014.29.2.202
Targeted therapy has been proven to be one of the most effective cancer treatments. However, some endocrine disorders can occur during treatment with targeted agents. We report the case of a patient who exhibited a wax and wane pattern of hypoglycemia that was attributed to sorafenib therapy. A 32-year-old woman with metastatic hemangiopericytoma visited the emergency department in a stuporous state. Nonhyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia was diagnosed, was exacerbated shortly after sorafenib therapy, and was improved by the cessation of sorafenib with additional glucocorticoid therapy. Patients with metastatic hemangiopericytoma should be carefully monitored with particular attention to hypoglycemia when sorafenib therapy is initiated.
Adult ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Hemangiopericytoma* ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia* ; Stupor
Adult ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Hemangiopericytoma* ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia* ; Stupor
A Novel PHEX Gene Mutation in a Patient with Sporadic Hypophosphatemic Rickets.
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2014;29(2):195-201. doi:10.3803/EnM.2014.29.2.195
Phosphate regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X-chromosome (PHEX) is a common cause of X-linked hypophosphatemic (XLH) rickets. Diverse PHEX gene mutations have been reported; however, gene mutations in sporadic rickets are less common than in XLH rickets. Herein, we describe a 50-year-old female patient with sporadic hypophosphatemic rickets harboring a novel splicing-site mutation in the PHEX gene (c.663+1G>A) at the exon 5-intron 5 boundary. The patient had recently suffered from right thigh pain and an aggravated waddling gait. She also presented with very short stature, generalized bone pain, and muscle weakness. Despite low serum phosphate levels, her phosphate reabsorption rate was lower than normal. Additionally, her 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 concentration was lower than normal, although FGF23 level was normal. After treatment with alfacalcidol and elemental phosphate, her rachitic symptoms subsided, and callus formation was observed in the fracture site on the right femur.
Bony Callus ; Calcitriol ; Endopeptidases ; Exons ; Female ; Femur ; Gait ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Weakness ; Rickets ; Rickets, Hypophosphatemic* ; Thigh
Bony Callus ; Calcitriol ; Endopeptidases ; Exons ; Female ; Femur ; Gait ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Weakness ; Rickets ; Rickets, Hypophosphatemic* ; Thigh
Country
Republic of Korea
Publisher
Korean Endocrine Society
ElectronicLinks
http://e-enm.org/Editor-in-chief
Won-Young Lee
journal@endocrinology.or.kr
Abbreviation
Endocrinol Metab
Vernacular Journal Title
ISSN
2093-596X
EISSN
2093-5978
Year Approved
2007
Current Indexing Status
Currently Indexed
Start Year
1991
Description
The aim of this journal is to set high standards of medical service by providing a forum for discussion for basic, clinical, and translational researchers and clinicians on new findings in the fields of endocrinology and metabolism. Endocrinology and Metabolism reports new findings and developments in all aspects of endocrinology and metabolism.
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