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Advances in the research on application and antitumor mechanism of snake venom

Chinese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2017;44(19):988-992. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.2017.19.143

Recent literatures on antitumor effect, mechanism, and application of snake venom were summarized. This study aimed to provide a basis for the research, development, and application of snake venom which includes antitumor components. The abilities of snake venom was found in inhibiting tumor proliferation and migration and/or inducing apoptosis in a variety of malignant tumor cells at dose-dependent and/or time-dependent manner. Some types of snake venom inhibit tumoral angiogenesis. Meanwhile, the antitu-mor mechanisms of snake venom were as follows:1) inhibit tumor metastasis by blocking certain signaling pathways, 2) induce apop-tosis of tumor cells by activating the death pathway, 3) inhibit growth and proliferation of tumor cells by regulating the expression of tumor suppressor (promoter) genes or arresting the cell cycle, and 4) inhibit tumoral angiogenesis by inhibiting the expression of VEGF from cancer cells. Thus, snake venom has potential as an antitumor agent.

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Research progress on spliceosome mutations in myelodysplastic syndromes

HUANG LINNA ; LIU PENGQIN

Chinese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2017;44(19):1000-1004. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.2017.19.144

Spliceosomal dysfunction plays a major role in pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Splicing factor somatic mutations, including SF3B1, U2AF1 (U2AF35), SRSF2, ZRSR2, PRPF40B, SF1, SF3A1, and U2AF2, comprise a common (45%–85%) class of mutated genes in MDS. These genes exist in a mutually exclusive manner at the 3'splice site of mRNA processing and are predomi-nantly heterozygous and missense. RNA splicing might have therapeutic and prognosis values in MDS. This review mainly describes the pathogenesis of common splicing factor gene mutations in MDS and discusses possible therapeutic implications, clinical analysis, and prognosis.

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Characteristics and surgical treatment of esophageal stromal tumors

LI GUOREN

Chinese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2017;44(19):993-999. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.2017.19.375

Esophageal stromal tumors are a part of gastrointestinal stromal tumor, which have differences among themselves. Their in-cidence is on the rise. In this study, related reports on surgical treatment of esophageal stromal tumors in domestic literatures from January 2010 to December 2015 were collected. Data on morbidity status, characteristics, and surgical treatment were analyzed and discussed.

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A comparative analysis of the incidence rates of esophageal cancer and upper diges-tive tract cancer in Cixian County, Hebei Province, China

SONG GUOHUI ; LI DONGFANG ; HE YUTONG ; GE HENGCHEN ; CHEN CHAO ; ZHANG CHAOHUI ; LIU LIMIN

Chinese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2017;44(19):979-987. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.2017.19.547

Objective:To investigate the incidence rate of upper digestive tract cancer in Cixian, China, a particular area with high inci-dence of esophageal cancer. Methods:Statistical analysis was performed on the 2003-2012 incidence data of upper digestive tract can-cer in Cixian. The annual incidence rate, Chinese population standardized incidence rate (the bid rate), and structure of world popula-tion standardized incidence rate (referred to as the world standard rate) were calculated. The incidence data were divided into two groups according to period (2003-2007 and 2008-2012), and different age groups were compared. Results:From 2003 to 2012, the in-cidence of upper gastrointestinal cancer was 165.36/10 million. The 2003-2007 crude incidence rate was 171.55/10 million), whereas 2008-2012 crude incidence rate was 151.41/10 million which has reduced over the last five years. Esophageal cancer incidence from 2003 to 2012 had a crude incidence rate of 108.05/10 million during the two periods (from 2003 to 2007, the incidence rate was 116.87/10 million;and from 2008 to 2012, 99.58/10 million), the crude incidence rate of the latter 5-year period has declined obvious-ly. From 2003 to 2012, the overall crude incidence rate of cardia cancer was 31.21/10 million, comparison of two peaiods (from 2003 to 2007 was 29.11/10 million, and 2008-2012, 33.23/10 million) indicated that the level of measurement of the latter period in-creased. At the same period, the overall incidence rate of gastric cancer was 26.10/10 million, comparison of the two periods (2003-2007 the crude incidence rate was 25.57/10 million, 2008-2012 was 26.60/10 million) indicated that the level of the parameter in the latter 5 years increased slightly. Conclusion:The incidence of esophageal cancer in Cixian decreased significantly, but the area remains to have the highest incidence rate of cardiac cancer morbidity. The incidence rate of distal gastric cancer increased significantly in males but decreased slightly in females, which suggests that early diagnosis and treatment of gastric cardia and distal stomach cancer is extremely important.

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Multidisciplinary decision on a rectal cancer patient with multiple synchronous pulmo-nary metastasis

YUAN YING ; XU DONG ; YANG QI ; BEI DIKAI ; LIU YUE ; ZHANG SUZHAN ; DING KEFENG

Chinese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2017;44(19):973-978. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.2017.19.334

Lungs are the second most common distant metastatic organs of colorectal cancer, following the liver. However, clinical re-searches on lung metastasis are insufficient comparing with that on liver metastasis due to its low occurrence and relatively mild bio-logical behavior. This paper aims to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of rectal cancer patients with multiple synchronous lung metastases. The patient was from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medi-cine underwent multi-disciplinary diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, this article aims to discuss the related existing consensus and controversies on this issue.

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Comparison of mammography with automated breast ultrasound system for detecting breast lesions

HAO YUJUAN ; SU YUEYING ; ZHU YING ; QING CHUN ; LIU PEIFANG

Chinese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2017;44(19):969-972. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.2017.19.593

Objective:To compare the clinical utility of mammography with automated breast ultrasound system (ABUS) for detecting breast lesions. Methods:Data of 142 patients with 149 breast lesions who underwent both mammography and ABUS in Tianjin Medi-cal University Cancer Institute and Hospital were collected from Jnly 2016 to September 2016. The detection rates of the two methods were then determined. Results:The overall detection rate using ABUS was significantly higher than that of mammography (mammog-raphy: 87.2% vs. ABUS: 98.0%, P<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in breast cancer detection rates between mammography and ABUS (mammography:91.1%vs. ABUS:97.0%, P<0.05). Moreover, the benign lesion detection rate was significant-ly higher in ABUS than in mammography (mammography:79.2%, vs. ABUS:100%, P<0.05). In dense breasts, the detection rates of overall lesions, breast cancers, and benign lesions for ABUS were 97.7%, 96.5%, and 100.0%, respectively;whereas those for mammog-raphy were 86.0%, 90.6%, and 77.3%, respectively (P<0.05). Owing to overlapping dense breast tissue and deep anatomic location, sev-eral lesions were missed on mammography. Conversely, most lesions missed on ABUS presented as calcifications. Conclusion:Com-pared with mammography, ABUS can detect more lesions especially in dense breasts. However, ABUS failed to detect calcifications, whereas mammography had distinct advantages in this regard. Overall, the two methods had potential supplementary value for breast cancer screening.

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BTK expression and its clinical significance in 32 cases of mantle cell lymphoma

JIA XIAOHUI ; KONG LINGZHE ; WANG XIANHUO ; ZHANG HUILAI

Chinese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2017;44(19):963-968. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.2017.19.548

Objective:To detect Bruton tyrosin kinase (BTK) expression in patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and analyze its correlation with clinical features and prognosis. Methods:A total of 32 cases of MCL tissues and 10 cases of benign lymph nodes were sampled and stained with immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Clinical data of these patients were analyzed using SPSS 17.0. Results:BTK was positively expressed in MCL and normal lymphoid tissues and was more strongly expressed in MCL tissue than in normal lym-phoid tissue. Moreover, BTK expression level was correlated with Ki-67 and MIPI scores. Prognosis analysis showed that patients with high BTK expression exhibited shorter progression-free survival (PFS) than patients with low expression levels (P=0.030);however, no significant difference in overall survival (OS) was observed (P=0.073). Single-factor analysis of PFS showed that age≥65 years, ECOG score≥2, bone marrow involvement, strongly positive BTK expression, Ki-67>30%, and MIPI score≥6 are poor prognostic factors for patients with MCL. Only MIPI score≥6 is considered an independent poor prognostic factor in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion:BTK is strongly and positively expressed in patients with MCL, and its expression level is correlated with Ki-67 and MIPI scores. Patients with high-level BTK expression usually exhibit shorter PFS than those with low-level BTK expression;however, owing to short follow-up time and limited sample size, high-level BTK expression cannot be considered an independent poor prognostic factor for PFS.

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ASCL-1 protein expression in lung adenocarcinoma and its correlation with prognosis

LIN ZHENZHONG ; ZHANG ZHIHONG

Chinese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2017;44(19):958-962. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.2017.19.444

Objective:ASCL-1 gene expression is closely related to pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) tumors, such as small cell carcino-ma, atypical carcinoid, carcinoid, and large cell NE carcinoma. This study aimed to analyze ASCL-1 protein expression in lung adenocar-cinoma (AD) and its correlation with prognosis. Methods:ASCL-1 protein expression in 283 cases of AD was determined through immu-nohistochemical analysis and compared with the expression of traditional NE markers, including chromogranin A, CD56, and synapto-physin. Western blot was performed to detect the ASCL-1 protein expression levels in AD. Single factor Chi-square test and Logistic multiple factor regression analysis were conducted to explore the factors related to ASCL-1 expression. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was applied to evaluate the prognosis of patients with AD. Results:Immunohistochemical analysis showed that ASCL-1 expression was positive in 48/283 (16.9%) AD and positively correlated with NE markers (0

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Clinicopathological features of gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma

LI ZHIBIN ; KE BIN ; SUN LIN ; LIU NING ; LIANG HAN

Chinese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2017;44(19):953-957. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.2017.19.252

Objective:To explore the clinicopathologic characteristics of gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC). Methods:From January 2011 to December 2016, the clinical and pathological data of 35 patients with gastric MANEC who were diagnosed and surgically treated in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results:The average age of the 32 men and 3 women in this study was 61.6±7.5 years. Tumor locations were as follows:17 related to gastric cardia, 9 related to gastric body, 8 related to gastric antrum, and 1 related to gastric stump. Clinical symptoms were non-specific and the diagnosis relies on post-operative pathological examination. Using the histological microscope, the affected structures were detected in neuroendocrine systems and tissue linings. Immunohistochemical staining showed that carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratins 8 and 18 (CK8/18) were expressed in 32 and 33 adenocarcinoma-related cases, respectively, whereas synaptophysin (Syn) and chromogranin A (CgA) were revealed in 33 and 27 neuroendocrine-related cases, respectively. Al patients received surgical resection. A total of 17 incidents of death were reported at three years after the operation, and most of the patients were at clinical stageⅢorⅣ. Conclusion:Gastric MANEC is a rare neoplasm and is often diagnosed at its advanced stage and mainly occurs in the aged population. Neuroendocrine structures and glandular tissues are the most frequent location of such condition. Diagnosis relies on both immunohistochemical and histological examinations. Surgical resection is the most effective treatment, but the prognosis of this condition remains poor.

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Liver Function of Lymphoma Patients with Chronic HBV Infection after Chemotherapy

chong'an XU ; Lili XING ; Yan LI ; He SU ; Na DENG ; Yunpneg LIU ;

Chinese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2009;36(21):1208-1212. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.2009.21.003

Objective. To observe the effect of chemotherapy on hepatic function of lymphoma patients with chronic HBV infection. Methods; We used ELISA to detect the serum markers, of HBV and liver function in 207 lymphoma patients and 207 patients with other types of cancer (except pdmary hepatocellular cacinoma). Results: The incidence of HBV infection was higher in lymphoma cancer cases than that in the controlled cases (19.8% vs 9.7%, P=0.004). The incidence of abnormal liver function was higher in lymphoma patients with positive HBsAg than in lymphoma patients without HBsAg (58.5% vs 27.7%, P=0.000). The incidence of ab-normal liver function in lymphoma patients with postive HBsAg was higher than that in patients with other types of cancer with positive HBsAg (58.5 vs 30.0%, P=0.036). The abnormal liver function in lymphoma patients after chemotherapy was associated with HBV infection (P=0.000) but not correlated with age, sex, histological subtype, immune subtype, stage, ECOG PS, and hormone administration. Conclusion: Lymphoma patients with HBV are more likely to have liver function damage after emotherapy.

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