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State of the Art of Taenia solium as Compared to Taenia asiatica.

The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013;51(1):43-49. doi:10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.43

Three species of tapeworms infect humans in their adult stage (Taenia solium, Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica). The 3 are flat, opaque white or yellowish, and exceptional long segmented parasites, measuring 1 to 12 m in their adult stage. In this review, the development of the knowledge regarding the first species, mainly focused on understanding how the larval stage or cysticercus is transmitted to humans, is described. The second species is a cosmopolitan parasite that only causes taeniosis and not cysticercosis; therefore, it will not be included. Information on the third species, which is presently being produced, since this species was recognized as such only at the end of the 20th century, will be discussed at the end of this review.
Animals ; Biomedical Research/trends ; Humans ; Life Cycle Stages ; Taenia/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Taeniasis/*parasitology/transmission

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Current Status of Taeniasis in Thailand.

Malinee Thairungroj ANANTAPHRUTI

The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013;51(1):37-42. doi:10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.37

Taeniasis is prevalent in all regions of Thailand, except the South. Infections were more frequently found in males than females of any age from 7-83 years. Taenia saginata is the most common species throughout the country. Taenia asiatica was reported only in the province of Kanchanaburi in the Central region. Co-infections, with Taenia solium and T. asiatica or T. solium and T. saginata, were found. Hybridization between T. asiatica and T. saginata is evidence that co-infection is never found between these 2 species. Finding more than 1 worm in a single patient was not entirely rare. Genetic variation was found without correlation to its geographic distribution in T. saginata, whereas no variation was found in T. asiatica.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Child ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Taenia/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; Taeniasis/*epidemiology ; Thailand/epidemiology ; Young Adult

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Historical Overview of Taenia asiatica in Taiwan.

Hong Kean OOI ; Chau Mei HO ; Wen Cheng CHUNG

The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013;51(1):31-36. doi:10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.31

An overview of the epidemiological, biological, and clinical studies of Taenia and taeniasis in Taiwan for the past century is presented. The phenomenal observations that led to the discovery of Taenia asiatica as a new species, which differ from Taenia solium and Taenia saginata, are described. Parasitological surveys of the aborigines in Taiwan revealed a high prevalence of taeniasis, which might be due to the culture of eating raw liver of hunted wild boars. Chemotherapeutic deworming trials involving many patients with taeniasis were discussed. Praziquantel was found to be very effective, but sometimes complete worms could not be recovered from the feces after treatment, probably due to the dissolution of the proglottids. Atabrine, despite some side effects, can still be used, in properly controlled dosages, as the drug of choice for human T. asiatica infection if we need to recover the expelled worms for morphological examinations. Research results on the infection of T. asiatica eggs from Taiwan aborigines in experimental animals were also noted. Since the pig serve as the natural intermediate host of T. asiatica and the predilection site is the liver, a differential comparison of other parasitic pathogens that might cause apparently similar lesions is also presented.
Animals ; Anthelmintics/therapeutic use ; Biomedical Research/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Taenia/*classification/*isolation & purification ; Taeniasis/drug therapy/*epidemiology/history ; Taiwan/epidemiology

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Current Status and Perspectives of Cysticercosis and Taeniasis in Japan.

Hiroshi YAMASAKI

The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013;51(1):19-29. doi:10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.19

This mini-review describes recent epidemiological trends in cysticercosis and taeniasis in Japan. Some of the topics discussed herein were presented at the first symposium on "Current perspectives of Taenia asiatica researches", that was held in Osong in Chungbuk Province, South Korea, in October 2011 and organized by Prof. K. S. Eom, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine. To better understand the trends in the occurrence of cysticercosis and taeniasis in Japan, clinical cases reported in 2005 have been updated. In addition, the current status of Taenia asiatica infections successively occurring in Japan since 2010 is also discussed.
Animals ; Humans ; Incidence ; Japan/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Taenia/*isolation & purification ; Taeniasis/*epidemiology

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Human Taeniasis in the Republic of Korea: Hidden or Gone?.

Jong Yil CHAI

The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013;51(1):9-17. doi:10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.9

History and current status of human taeniasis in the Republic of Korea, due to Taenia solium, Taenia asiatica, and Taenia saginata, are briefly reviewed. Until the 1980s, human taeniasis had been quite common in various localities of Korea. A study from 1924 reported 12.0% egg prevalence in fecal examinations. Thereafter, the prevalence of Taenia spp. ranged from 3% to 14% depending on the time and locality. Jeju-do, where pigs were reared in a conventional way, was the highest endemic area of taeniasis. An analysis of internal transcribed spacer 2 and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 genes of 68 taeniasis cases reported from 1935 to 2005 in Korea by a research group revealed the relative occurrence of the 3 Taenia spp. as follows: T. solium (4.4%), T. asiatica (75.0%), and T. saginata (20.6%). However, national surveys on intestinal helminths conducted every 5 years on randomly selected people revealed that the Taenia egg prevalence dropped from 1.9% in 1971 to 0.02% in 1997 and finally to 0.0% in 2004. With the exception of 3 egg-positive cases reported in 2008 and 2 worm-proven cases in 2011, no more cases have been officially recorded. Based on these surveys and also on other literature, it can be concluded that taeniasis has virtually disappeared from Korea, although a few sporadic cases may remain hidden. Human cysticercosis is also expected to disappear within a couple of decades in Korea.
Animals ; Disease Eradication ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Taenia/*classification/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Taeniasis/*epidemiology/history

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Molecular Approaches to Taenia asiatica.

Hyeong Kyu JEON ; Keeseon S EOM

The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013;51(1):1-8. doi:10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.1

Taenia solium, T. saginata, and T. asiatica are taeniid tapeworms that cause taeniasis in humans and cysticercosis in intermediate host animals. Taeniases remain an important public health concerns in the world. Molecular diagnostic methods using PCR assays have been developed for rapid and accurate detection of human infecting taeniid tapeworms, including the use of sequence-specific DNA probes, PCR-RFLP, and multiplex PCR. More recently, DNA diagnosis using PCR based on histopathological specimens such as 10% formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and stained sections mounted on slides has been applied to cestode infections. The mitochondrial gene sequence is believed to be a very useful molecular marker for not only studying evolutionary relationships among distantly related taxa, but also for investigating the phylo-biogeography of closely related species. The complete sequence of the human Taenia tapeworms mitochondrial genomes were determined, and its organization and structure were compared to other human-tropic Taenia tapeworms for which complete mitochondrial sequence data were available. The multiplex PCR assay with the Ta4978F, Ts5058F, Tso7421F, and Rev7915 primers will be useful for differential diagnosis, molecular characterization, and epidemiological surveys of human Taenia tapeworms.
Animals ; DNA, Helminth/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/*methods ; Parasitology/*methods ; Taenia/classification/*genetics/*isolation & purification ; Taeniasis/*diagnosis/*veterinary

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V-shaped Pits in Regions of Ancient Baekje Kingdom Paleoparasitologically Confirmed as Likely Human-Waste Reservoirs.

Dong Hoon SHIN ; Sang Yuck SHIM ; Myeung Ju KIM ; Chang Seok OH ; Mi Hyun LEE ; Suk Bae JUNG ; Geon Il LEE ; Jong Yil CHAI ; Min SEO

The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014;52(5):569-573. doi:10.3347/kjp.2014.52.5.569

In a paleo-parasitological analysis of soil samples obtained from V-shaped pits dating to the ancient Baekje period in Korean history, we discovered Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and Clonorchis sinensis eggs. In light of the samples' seriously contaminated state, the V-shaped pits might have served as toilets, cesspits, or dung heaps. For a long period of time, researchers scouring archaeological sites in Korea have had difficulties locating such structures. In this context then, the present report is unique because similar kind of the ancient ruins must become an ideal resource for successful sampling in our forthcoming paleoparasitological studies.
Animals ; *Archaeology ; Helminths/classification/*isolation & purification ; Humans ; Ovum/*classification ; Parasitology ; Republic of Korea ; *Sanitary Engineering ; Soil/*parasitology

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Ixodid Tick Infestation in Cattle and Wild Animals in Maswa and Iringa, Tanzania.

You Shine KWAK ; Tae Yun KIM ; Sung Hyun NAM ; In Yong LEE ; Hyung Pyo KIM ; Simon MDUMA ; Julius KEYYU ; Robert FYUMAGWA ; Tai Soon YONG

The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014;52(5):565-568. doi:10.3347/kjp.2014.52.5.565

Ticks and tick-borne diseases are important in human and livestock health worldwide. In November 2012, ixodid ticks were collected and identified morphologically from cattle and wild animals in the Maswa district and Iringa urban, Tanzania. Amblyomma gemma, A. lepidum, and A. variegatum were identified from Maswa cattle, and A. variegatum was the predominant species. A. marmoreum, Hyalomma impeltatum, and Rhipicephalus pulchellus were identified from Iringa cattle in addition to the above 3 Amblyomma species, and A. gemma was the most abundant species. Total 4 Amblyomma and 6 Rhipicephalus species were identified from wild animals of the 2 areas. A. lepidum was predominant in Maswa buffaloes, whereas A. gemma was predominant in Iringa buffaloes. Overall, A. variegatum in cattle was predominant in the Maswa district and A. gemma was predominant in Iringa, Tanzania.
Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology/*parasitology ; *Ixodidae ; Tanzania/epidemiology ; Tick Infestations/epidemiology/*veterinary

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Genetic Polymorphisms in VIR Genes among Indian Plasmodium vivax Populations.

Purva GUPTA ; Veena PANDE ; Aparup DAS ; Vineeta SINGH

The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014;52(5):557-564. doi:10.3347/kjp.2014.52.5.557

The vir genes are antigenic genes and are considered to be possible vaccine targets. Since India is highly endemic to Plasmodium vivax, we sequenced 5 different vir genes and investigated DNA sequence variations in 93 single-clonal P. vivax isolates. High variability was observed in all the 5 vir genes; the vir 1/9 gene was highly diverged across Indian populations. The patterns of genetic diversity do not follow geographical locations, as geographically distant populations were found to be genetically similar. The results in general present complex genetic diversity patterns in India, requiring further in-depth population genetic and functional studies.
Antigens, Protozoan/*genetics ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Malaria, Vivax/epidemiology/parasitology ; Phylogeny ; Plasmodium vivax/*genetics ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics/*metabolism

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Fleas of Korea.

Vernon J TIPTON ; Wanless SOUTHWICK ; Hyong Sun AH ; Hyo Sok YU

The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1972;10(1):52-63. doi:10.3347/kjp.1972.10.1.52

No abstract available.

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