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Study on Subjective Symptoms that was Complained by Organic Solvent Handling Workers.

Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine.1984;17(1):295-298.

The subjective symptom and other responded relations for 69 male workers handling organic solvent in xxx a pharmacy as exposure group and 87 male workers in noise workshop were studied and analyzed. It was concluded as follows. 1. The age of both exposure group and control group with the subjective symptom indicated a negative correlation. 2. Drinking and smoking of the exposure group complained of the subjective symptom shown the negative correlation and the control group also shown the positive correlation. 3. The occupational experience of the exposure group complained of the subjective symptom indicated the negative correlation and the control group also indicated the positive correlation.
Drinking ; Education ; Humans ; Male ; Noise ; Pharmacy ; Smoke ; Smoking

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A Survey on Menarche of School Girls in Seoul and Taeru Area.

Taik Sung NAM ; Won Duk LEE

Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine.1976;9(1):153-158.

It is clearly defined through a number of authoritative studies that the age of menarche influenced by the various combined factors such as nutrition status, physical status, physical growth and development status, socio-economic status, locality, culture, education level, climate, rece heredity etc. In order to obtain statistical data regarding the menarche of Korean school girls, anthors investigated on 4207 middle school girls and 703 woman college students in Seoul and Taegu during the period of September 10 to 30, 1973 and the result are summarized as followings; 1. The rates of menses experience by years were 18.2% in the age group of 12 years girls, 31.9% in 13 years, 64.6% in 14 years, 89.8% in 15 years, 98.1% in 16 years respectively. 2. The average age of menarche for the 2504 school girls who were born during the year of 1957-1961 is 13.4 years with the rang of 9 years to 16 years. And the most frequent age of menarche is 13 years. 3. The average age of menarche for the 703 woman college students who were born during the year of 1950-1954 is 14.3 years with the rang of 9 years to 18 years. And the most frequent age of menarche is 13 years. 4. The apparence of menarche is most common in August (20.7%) for the group who were born during the year of 1957-1961 and most rear in November (4.2%). And it is also most common in August (19.9%) for the group who were born puring the year of 1950-1954 but most rear in June (3.4%).
Climate ; Daegu ; Education ; Female ; Female* ; Growth and Development ; Heredity ; Humans ; Menarche* ; Nutritional Status ; Seoul*

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A Study on Knowledge and Attitude of Housewives toward Health Care and Antibiotics in a Rural Area.

Soon Ki KIM

Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine.1976;9(1):147-152.

A study was conducted during the period of August 13 to August 18, 1974 to obtain information on knowledge and attitude of the rural area housewife toward health care and antibiotics using. Interviewed 242 housewives dwelling in Soodong and Hwado Myun, Yangju Gun, Kyunggi Do, a typical rural area in Korea and the following results are obtained: 1. Of 242 housewives interviewed, 20.2% were illiteracy, 68.2% was graduated from primary school, 9.1% from middle school and 2.5% from high school. 2. Of those interviewed, 8.7% were Christian, 5.0% Bueldist, 2.9% Confucianism, and 83.4% of those were no religious preference. 3. Utility rate according with the kind of mass media in home was 85.1% of respondents possessed radio, 16.1% of magazine, 12.8% of newspaper, and 4.1% of television. 4. In the case of patients occur in a family, 13.0% out of 242 respondents had chosen physician's clinics for initial medical care place, 58.4% drug stores, 0.9% herb medicine and 27.7% of those had chosen folk medicine at home. 5. Antibiotics effective complaints listed by the respondents were skin diseases with 43.8%, suppureated wound 30.0%, URI like symptoms 18.2%, diarrhea 14.5%, low back pain 12.9%, fever 6.2%, loss of appetite 3.3%, all kind of diseases 2.5%, urethral discharge 2.1% and tuberculosis 0.8% respectively. 6. Only 14.7% of respondents had obtained antibiotics for medical care from physician's clinics and 85.3% of the respondents had obtained antibiotics from drug store (70.7%), village shop (10.4%), and salesmen in street market without any physician's prescription. 7. Eight-nine percent of the respondents were understanding on patient care activity as the local health subcenter but only 11.0% of those on M.C.H., 29.0% of those on family planning, 21% on vaccination, and only 6.6% on tuberculosis control activity. 8. Utility rate of the local health subcenter was 71.9% out of the patients indicated medical care of medical facilities.
Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Appetite ; Confucianism ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Diarrhea ; Literacy ; Family Planning Services ; Fever ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Korea ; Low Back Pain ; Mass Media ; Medicine, Traditional ; Newspapers ; Patient Care ; Periodicals as Topic ; Prescriptions ; Skin Diseases ; Television ; Tuberculosis ; Vaccination ; Wounds and Injuries ; Periodicals

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Analysis of the Abstracts of Cancer Related Articles Published from 1990 to 1996 in Korea.

Chang Yup KIM ; Young Ho KHANG ; Young Sung LEE ; Chul Whan KANG ; Keun Young YOO ; Gilwon KANG ; Beom Man HA

Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine.2001;34(3):200-210.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the status of cancer research in the Republic of Korea. METHODS: Thirty-eight medical journals, published in Korea between 1990 and 1996, were reviewed for abstracts relating to cancer research. Of the 5,899 eligible abstracts related to cancer, 4,732 were collected and evaluated. RESULTS: Including first author and first two co-authors, a total of 7,427 authors were identified. Those who published an average of one or more article per one year were defined as cancer researchers for this study. This group, however, accounted for a small proportion of the total (3.1%). Analysis of the selected abstracts showed that the study goals in more than half focused on pathophysiologic mechanisms. Studies that were designed to use causal relationships such as cohort studies and randomized controlled trials were rare. A greater number of analytic and experimental studies were found in abstracts published by the cancer researcher group. More advanced study designs that explored causal relationships and analytic procedures were found in abstracts published later than those abstracts published from 1990 to 1992. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that researchers who published more articles adopted more advanced study designs. This study provides primary data that can be used to compare the status of cancer research in future studies.
Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Korea* ; Republic of Korea ; Research Design ; Research Personnel

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Estimation of Attributable Burden due to Premature Death from Smoking in Korea.

Seok Jun YOON ; Beom Man HA ; Jong Won KANG ; Hye Chung CHANG

Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine.2001;34(3):191-199.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we focused on estimating the burden of premature death in Korea caused by smoking using the YLL (years of life lost due to premature death) measurement. METHODS: First, we determined parameters: such as age-specific standard life expectancy, age on death, sex, and cause of death by analyzing the national death certificate data and life table collected during 1997. These were provided by the National Statistical Office. Secondly, we estimated the age group- specific years of life lost due to premature death by employing the standard expected years of life lost (SEYLL) measurement. Thirdly, the burden of premature death caused by smoking was estimated using the YLLs measurement which was developed by the global burden of disease study group. Fourthly, We calculated the risk related to smoking using the population attributable risk. RESULTS: The following results were obtained in this study:1) Premature death that is attributable to smoking in males could be prevented in 60.9% (513,582 person-year) by non-smoking.2) The burden of premature death by smoking for female was prevented to 17.7% (513,582 person-year) by non-smoking. CONCLUSION: We found that the YLL method employed in this study was appropriate in quantifying the burden of premature death. This provides a rational basis for planning a national health policy regarding premature deaths caused by smoking and other related risk factors.
Cause of Death ; Death Certificates ; Female ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Korea* ; Life Expectancy ; Life Tables ; Male ; Mortality, Premature* ; Risk Factors ; Smoke* ; Smoking*

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Analysis of Socioeconomic Costs of Smoking in Korea.

Han Joong KIM ; Tae Kyu PARK ; Sun Ha JEE ; Hye Young KANG ; Chung Mo NAM

Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine.2001;34(3):183-190.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the annual economic costs attributable to cigarette smoking in Korea. METHODS: The costs were classified as being direct medical and non-medical costs, indirect costs and others. We focused on those costs related that are incurred in the treatment of selected diseases (cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and cancers), which have been proven to be caused by smoking. In addition to the basic costs of treatment, the additional amount of costs occurred due to smoking was obtained by computing the population attributable risk (PAR%) caused by smoking. To compute the PAR%, relative risks of smoking to the number of outpatient visits, hospitalizations, and the death were estimated using the Cox proportional hazard model, respectively. Our major data source was the 'Korea Medical Insurance Corporation (KMIC) cohort study,' which was composed of a total of 115,682 male and 67,932 female beneficiaries who had complete records of their smoking histories in the year of 1992. RESULTS: The annual costs that could be attributable to smoking were estimated to be in the range of 2,847,500 million Won to 3,959,100 million Won. The maximum estimate of 3,959,100 million Won includes 233,100 million Won for medical costs, 5,100 million Won for transportation costs, 27,600 million Won for care giver's economic costs, 69,100 million Won in productivity loss, 3,435,000 million Won lost because of premature death, 172,100 million Won in costs resulting from passive smoke inhalation and 17,100 million Won for costs that resulted from fires that were caused by careless smoking. CONCLUSION: Our study confirms that the magnitude of the economic burden of smoking to Korean society is substantial. Therefore, this study provides strong evidence that there is a strong need for a national policy of tobacco control in Korea.
Cohort Studies ; Data Collection ; Efficiency ; Female ; Fires ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Insurance ; Korea* ; Male ; Mortality, Premature ; Outpatients ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Tobacco ; Transportation

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A Study on Safety Accidents Occurred for 5 Years at a Welding Material Manufacturing Factory.

Hyun Sul LIM

Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine.1995;28(3):551-562.

To assess the status of safety accidents, authors reviewed and analysed the records of safety accidents of a welding material manufacturing factory at pohang city from January 1989 to December 1993. The results are; 1. The total incidence of safety accidents was 295 spells for five years. 2. Average age of workers with accident was 35.7 years. Average duration of employment was 6.2 years and the duration of employment increased as the year increased. 3. There was no statistical significance on season, month, weekday and time by year in the incidence of safety accidents. The most frequent part of body injured was upper and the most frequent type of injury was abrasion. 4. Mean admission rate of safety accidents was 12.6% and the ratio of treated spells as occupational injury was 7.8%. 5. The most frequent cause of injury was worker's mistake and the most frequent action for the prevention of further accidents was safety education. 6. The incidence rate of safety accidents on 1993 was 116.2 spells per l,000 persons. Above results suggest that to prevent safety accidents, safety education should be done continuously, the environmental and human factors were controlled and more exact reporting system of safety accidents was needed.
Education ; Employment ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Incidence ; Occupational Injuries ; Seasons ; Welding*

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Differences of Screening Test Results of Health Examination between Clerks and Laborers.

Jong Won PARK ; Dong Hoon SHIN ; Mi Young LEE ; Suk Kwon SUH

Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine.1995;28(3):543-550.

The authors conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the differences of screening test results between clerks and laborers in an occupational health center in Taegu, 1992. A total of 10,207 workers was included in the study of these, male were 5,597 and female 3,610. Constitutional variables included were items of health examination and some confounding variables(sex, age, body weight and work duration). All analyses were conducted separately for each sex through the use of multiple logistic regression analysis on occupation, controlling for age, work duration, and body weight. laborers showed abnormal hearing test more often than clerks in both sexes. The blood pressure that showed statistical significance in univariate analysis in both sexes lost its significance after controlling covariates. Liver function and urine protein had statistically significant differences between two occupational groups in males and visual correction did in females. The results suggest that there are differences clerks and laborers in some of screening tests and analytic studies are needed to identify the causes of the differences.
Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Daegu ; Female ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Liver ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mass Screening* ; Occupational Groups ; Occupational Health ; Occupations

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Community screening for stress by using General Health Questionnaire.

Soo Sung OH ; Kwang Seub LEE ; Seok Joon SOHN ; Jin Su CHOI ; Jung Ae RHEE

Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine.1995;28(1):123-140.

This study investigated the stress of community residents in Kwang-Ju and Chonnam areas by using the General Health Questionnaire(GHQ-60) as a instrument of stress measurement. The number of subject were 445 residents who lived in three areas (large city, middle city, and rural area) and they were individually interviewed in March, 1994. The result of study showed that the degrees of stress measured by GHQ-60 were statistically significant in the residents' area, age. sex variables: (a) the residents in middle city among three area had the highest level of stress: (b) the resident who were more than 60 in age had the highest level of stress: (c) the female resident had more stress than male residents: (d) particularly, the residents who were more than 60 years old in the middle city had the highest level of stress. Further, the results of factor analysis showed that there were three factors of social dysfunction, depression and anxiety, and psychosomatic symptom. The social dysfunction factor was statistically significant in both age and resident area variables. The depression and anxiety factor was statistically significant in the residents' area, age. sex variables. The psychosomatic symptom factor was statistically significant in both age and sex variables. The study suggested that they should give a special attention to solve the old people's stress because stress was closely related to residents age.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; Gwangju ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Mass Screening* ; Middle Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires*

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Health Assessment of Shift Workers in a Automobile Manufacturing Plant.

Jung Jeung LEE ; Jong Hak CHUNG

Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine.1995;28(1):103-122.

An investigation on psychophysiological health and social well-being of shift workers been carried out on workers of a automobile manufacturing plant in Ulsan. for 1 month from April, 1993. This cross-sectional survey compared shift workers(n=544) with day workers(n=l15). Each subject completed a questionnaire about his personal habit background. shift schedule. sleep and eating patterns. subjective digestive symptom and psychological well-being and distress using the General Well-Being schedule(GWB) by self administrated questionnaire that was developed for the U. S. Health and Nutrition Examination surveys (HANES I). chi-square analysis was used for discontinuous data and the t-test was used for continous data to determine whether differences noted between the two groups. In terms of sleep quality, a greater percentage of shift workers frequently had trouble getting back to sleep once awakend(p<0.01) and a greater percentage of shift workers awakend tired or sleepy frequently more often than day workers(p<0.05). In rating the quality of their sleep, more shift workers rated their sleep fair to poor than day workers, and greater percentage of shift workers felt tired or sleepy at work two or more times per week(p<0.01) and a much higher percentage of shift workers felt tired or sleepy after work every days(p<0.01). In terms of sleep patterns, a much higher percentage of day workers reported uninterrupted sleep per 24hours than shift workers. The shift workers reported different eating patterns from day workers but there were no statistically significant and rate of their appetite. Thirteen percent of day workers reported the best appetite but only 6.6% of shift workers had the best appetite. The gastric complaints is more frequent in shift workers than day workers(p<0.01). Among subscores in General Well-Being Schedule, anxiety, depression, positive well-being and vitality subscale of shift workers were lower than those of day workers(p<0.05) and general health and self control subscale of shift workers were lower than those of day workers but there were no statistical significant difference. Based on these study result, it could be concluded that the shift work has significant effects on some psychophysiological conditions of the workers.
Anxiety ; Appetite ; Appointments and Schedules ; Automobiles* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Eating ; Humans ; Plants* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Ulsan

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