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Analysis of X-ray Mammographic Findings of Breast Carcinoma according to Histopathologic Classification.

Jin Sook PARK ; Ki Keun OH ; Ki Joon SUNG ; In Soo HONG ; Myung Soon KIM

Journal of the Korean Radiological Society.1996;35(6):1011-1015. doi:10.3348/jkrs.1996.35.6.1011

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to investigate X-ray mammographic findings which correlated with histopathologic classification of breast carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 114 cases (113 patients) weeviewed X-ray mammographic findings of breast carcinoma and their histopathologic classification, and the findings were analysed to define mass, calcification, and spiculation. RESULTS: According to histopathologic classifications of breast carcinomas, infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the most common(78.9%). X-rays mammographyrevealed that irregular mass was found in 43.9% of cases, calcification in 47.4 %, and radiating spiculation in75.4%. Mass with spiculation accounted for 41.2%, and mass with calcification and spiculation for 34.2%. A commonfinding of ductal carcinoma in situ was an ill-defined mass with malignant clustered microcalcification. Infiltrating ductal and infiltrating lobular carcinomas showed irregular masses with spiculation and colloid or medullary carcinomas had well-defined masses. CONCLUSION: Mass with spiculation, and mass with calcification and spiculation were common findings of breast carcinoma. The differences in X-ray mammographic findings among each different histopathologic type of breast carcinoma are helpful for differential diagnosis.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Carcinoma, Lobular ; Classification* ; Colloids ; Diagnosis, Differential

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Imaging Features of Tuberculous Mastitis: Comparison with non-Tuberculous Mastitis.

Mi Sook WON ; Soo Young CHUNG ; Ik YANG ; Yul LEE ; Young Mook KIM ; Myung Hwan LEE ; Hak Hee KIM ; Jung Gi IM

Journal of the Korean Radiological Society.1996;35(6):1005-1010. doi:10.3348/jkrs.1996.35.6.1005

PURPOSE: The purpose of this report is to evaluate the characteristic findings of tuberculosis of the breast on mammogram, sonogram, and CT and to compare the results with the imaging features of non-tuberculous mastitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using mammograms and sonograms, nine cases of tuberculosis of the breast were evaluated, and for four cases, CT was used. Aspects evaluated were contour, shape and size of the lesion, homogeneity ofinternal content, and extension of the lesion from/to the adjacent organs. Diagnosis was based on aspiration,surgery, and pathologic findings including acid-fast bacillus (AFB) staining. Mammograms and sonograms of 19 patients with non-tuberculous mastitis of the breast were reviewed. RESULTS: No cases of tuberculous mastitis presented clinical evidence of acute inflammation such as fever, swelling or skin redness. Nine cases of tuberculous mastitis were seen as a distinct mass on mammogram and sonogram. Four of nine cases (44.4%) showed arelatively smooth peripheral margin on mammogram and a cold abscess form on sonogram and CT. There were other fociof tuberculosis in the chest wall, anterior mediastinum, pleural cavity or lung. Five cases demonstrated as a nodular type on US. In the non-tuberculous mastitis group, an abscess with distinct margin or direct contiguity between a breast lesion and the adjacent organ was observed neither on mammogram nor on sonogram. CONCLUSION: Inan afebrile patient, relative homogeneous density with distinct margin in the breast on mammogram and a fistulous connection or direct continuity between breast abscess form with the adjacent organ on sonogram or CT is acharacteristic feature of the tuberculous mastitis. The cold abscess type is a frequent subtypes of this entity, and must also be included.
Abscess ; Bacillus ; Breast ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lung ; Mastitis* ; Mediastinum ; Pleural Cavity ; Skin ; Thoracic Wall ; Tuberculosis

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Dosimetric Evaluation of Average Glandular Absorption Radiation Dose in Mammography.

Tae Hoon KIM ; Ki Keun OH ; Hyeong Cheol SHIN ; Jai Keun KIM ; Sung Sil CHOO

Journal of the Korean Radiological Society.1996;35(6):999-1003. doi:10.3348/jkrs.1996.35.6.999

PURPOSE: To evaluate the average glandular absorption radiation dose(AGARD) that results from tube voltage, target/filter material of the X-ray tube, enterance skin exposure, breast thickness and patterns in routine mammography. MATERIAL AND METHOD: After obtaining craniocaudal views of left breasts of 114 women, entrance skin exposure was measured by dosimetry. Under identical conditions of tube voltage and target/filter material of theX-ray tube, we obtained half value layer (HVL) and also calculated exposure-to-absorbed dose conversion factor(DgN) by Wu's methods. AGARD was calculated by entrance skin exposure multiplied by exposure-to-absorbed dose conversion factor. We analyzed AGARDs according to tube voltage, target/filter material, breast thickness and pattern using ANOVA method of the SPSS statistical packages. RESULT: Breast patterns were divided into 4 groups such as DY (n=72), P1 (n=1), P2 (n=10), and N1 (n=31), respectively. Their AGARDs were 161.5, 180, 172.8, and195.2 mrad respectively and showed no significant difference among groups. When divided by breast thickness into three groups, namely below 3cm, 3cm to 4.5cm, and above 4.5cm, the AGARD of each group was 178.3, 178.1, and 112.4mrad respectively and the last one was significantly low. Concerning the effect of tube voltages, AGARDs gradually decreased by increasing kVp. Furthermore, AGARD was lower when rhodium (Rh) rather than when molybdenum(Mo) was used as filter/target materials. CONCLUSION: There was no difference in AGARDs by breast pattern. Asmore increasing KvP or using Rh/Rh as the target/filter material of the X-ray tube, we reduced AGARD for the patient with dense or thick breasts.
Absorption* ; Breast ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography* ; Rhodium ; Skin

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Comparative Analysis Among X-ray Mammographic Findings, Nuclear and Histologic Grading, and TNM Staging of Breast Carcinoma.

Jin Sook PARK ; Ki Joon SUNG ; Ki Keun OH ; Mee Yon CHO ; In Soo HONG ; Myung Soon KIM

Journal of the Korean Radiological Society.1996;35(6):993-998. doi:10.3348/jkrs.1996.35.6.993

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognosis of breast carcinoma by comparison with X-ray mammographic findings, nuclear and histologic grade, and TNM staging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 114 cases(113 patients) of breast carcinoma, analysing X-ray mammographic findings of all cases with regard to mass, calcification, and spiculation. In 80 cases of scirrhous invasive ductal breast carcinoma, Black's nuclear and Bloom-Richardson's histologic grade were also evaluated. Mammographic findings and nuclear and histologic grade were compared with TNM staging which might suggest the prognosis of breast carcinoma. RESULTS: X-ray mammographic findings (mass, calcification and spiculation) did not significantly correlate with T staging, but the clinical staging of the spiculation was advanced. These X-ray findings did not significantly correlate with the nuclear grading and the histologic grading. Nuclear grade did not correlate with T and M staging, but correlated significantly with N staging and clinical stage(p<0.05). Histologic grade did not significantly correlate with TNM staging. CONCLUSION: The clinical staging of spiculation was advanced and nuclear grade correlated significantly with N stage and clinical staging. X-ray mammographic findings did not directly correlate with nuclear and histologic grading, but combined studies of the evaluation of mammographic findings and nuclear and histologic grade were useful for prognosing breast carcinoma.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Neoplasm Staging* ; Prognosis

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Hyperdense Dots Mimicking Microcalcifications: Mammographic Findings.

Nam Hyeon KIM ; Jeong Mi PARK ; Hyun Woo GOO ; Sun Woo BANG

Journal of the Korean Radiological Society.1996;35(6):987-991. doi:10.3348/jkrs.1996.35.6.987

PURPOSE: To differentiate fine hyperdense dots mimicking microcalcifications from true microcalcifications on mammography. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Mammograms showing hyperdense dots in ten patients (mean age, 59 years) were evalvated. Two radiologists were asked to differentiate with the naked eye the hyperdense dots seen on tenmammograms and proven microcalcifications seen on ten mammograms. Densitometry was also performed for all lesions and the contrast index was calculated. The shape and distribution of the hyperdense dots were evaluated and enquiries were made regarding any history of breast disease and corresponding treatment. Biopsies were performed for two patients with hyperdense dots. RESULTS: Two radiologists made correct diagnoses in 19/20 cases(95%). The contrast index was 0.10-0.88 (mean 0.58) for hyperdense dots and 0.02-0.45 (mean 0.17) for truemicrocalcifications. The hyperdense dots were finer and homogeneously rounder than the microcalcifications. Distribution of the hypendense dots was more superficial in subcutaneous fat (seven cases) and subareolar area(six cases). All ten patients with hyperdense dots had history of mastitis and abscesses and had been treated byopen drainage (six cases) and/or folk remedy (four cases). In eight patients, herb patches had been attached. Biopsies of hyperdense dots did not show any microcalcification or evidence of malignancy. CONCLUSION: These hyperdense dots were seen mainly in older patients. Their characteristic density, shape, distribution and clinical history makes differential diagnosis from true microcalcifications easy and could reduce unnecessary diagnostic procedures such as surgical biopsy.
Abscess ; Biopsy ; Breast Diseases ; Densitometry ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drainage ; Female ; Humans ; Mastitis ; Medicine, Traditional ; Subcutaneous Fat

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Craniodiaphyseal Dysplasia: A Case Report.

Gye Yeon LIM ; Jeong Mi PARK ; Jae Mun LEE ; Choon Yul KIM ; Kyung Sub SHINN

Journal of the Korean Radiological Society.1996;35(6):983-985. doi:10.3348/jkrs.1996.35.6.983

Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia is a rare hereditary bone dysplasia characterized by craniofacial hyperostosis anddiaphyseal dysplatic changes. We reviewed the clinical, radiologic and laboratory features of one such case.
Bone Diseases, Developmental ; Hyperostosis

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MR Imaging Findings of Kienboeck's Disease.

Kyoung Won LEE ; Heung Sik KANG ; Kyung Mo YEON

Journal of the Korean Radiological Society.1996;35(6):977-981. doi:10.3348/jkrs.1996.35.6.977

PURPOSE: To evaluate the MR imaging findings and gadolinium enhancing patterns of Kienboeck's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen patients with Kienb ck's disease were included in this study. T1 and T2 or T2*weighted images(WI) were taken in all patients and gadolinium enhancement was performed in six patients. We compared MR signal intensity of lunates with that of normal bone marrow. MR imaging findings and stages accordingto Lichtman's classification were correlateds and we evaluated the enhancing patterns of the lunates and synovia. RESULTS: Stage II was found in five patients, stage III in seven, and stage IV in one. T1WIs showed low or focaliso signal intensity in all patients. T2WI showed low signal intensity in three patients and focal iso or focal high signal intensity in ten. There were no significant correlations between the signal intensity of lunates and stages. Synovial enhancement was detected in five patients. In four, the areas of focal iso or high signal intensity on T2WI were the enhanced areas of lunates. CONCLUSION: Kienb ck's disease showed low signal intensityon T1WI in all patients and variable signal intensity on T2WI. There was no significant correlation between MRsignal intensity and Lichtman's stage. Synovia and the areas of focal iso or high signal intensity on T2WI were frequently enhanced.
Bone Marrow ; Classification ; Gadolinium ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Necrosis ; Osteonecrosis* ; Synovial Fluid

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Radiologic Findings of Hemophilic Arthropathy of the Knee: Focusing on MR Imaging & Plain Radiography.

Byung Jin LEE ; Dong Woo PARK ; Jae Yong CHOI ; Sung Suk CHA ; Choong Kie EUN

Journal of the Korean Radiological Society.1996;35(6):971-976. doi:10.3348/jkrs.1996.35.6.971

PURPOSE: To evaluate the characteristic MR findings of hemophilic arthropathy of the knee. MATERIALS & METHOD: Seven knees in six patients with hemophilia (five hemophilia A and one hemophilia B) were retrospectively studied with MR images and plain radiographs. Patients were aged between 2 and 20 years (mean, 11) and all had a clinical history of repeated hemarthrosis. MR images of the knee were analyzed with respect to intra- andextra-articular hemorrhage, the state of synovial tissue, articular cartilage, bone, menisci, and ligaments. RESULTS: Synovial hypertrophy and articular cartilage destruction were revealed in all seven knees ; pannus wasfound in four, and was seen as low signal intensity on T1-weighted image and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. All five instances of synovial hypertrophy and pannus were enhanced. Joint effusion, presented in five ofseven knees, demonstrated slightly low signal intensity on T1-weighted image and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, and was associated with peripheral low signal intensity of hemosiderin. Subchondral and marginal erosion was seen in six cases, patellar deformity in three, meniscal damage in four and cruciate ligament damage in one case. CONCLUSION: MR is superior to plain radiography in demonstrating chronic repeated hemarthrosis (manifested as thick intra-articular effusion), hemosiderin, synovial hypertrophy, erosion ordestruction of articular cartilage and bone, and meniscal or cruciate ligament injury of hemophilic arthropathy ofthe knee. MR is therefore thought to be a useful imaging study for accurate evaluation of hemophilic arthropathyof the knee.
Cartilage, Articular ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Hemarthrosis ; Hemophilia A ; Hemorrhage ; Hemosiderin ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Joints ; Knee* ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Radiography* ; Sulindac

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MR Appearance of Synovial Plica in Patients with Plica Syndrome and Normal Plica.

Han Bock KIM ; Won Hee JEE ; Bo Young CHOE ; Young Bo SON ; Hyun Seouk JUNG ; Kyung Sub SHINN

Journal of the Korean Radiological Society.1996;35(6):965-969. doi:10.3348/jkrs.1996.35.6.965

PURPOSE: To compare MRI appearance between plicae syndrome and normal plicae. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images of 60 cases of arthroscopically-confirmed plicae syndrome and 18 of arthroscopically-proven normal plicae were retrospectively analyzed. Sagittal T2-weighted MR images in all cases and MPGR(200) in 37 cases of plicae syndrome were obtained. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test. RESULTS: On the basis of operatingresults, we observed 55 medial plicae, eight combined medial and suprapatellar plicae, four suprapatellar plicae,and one lateral plica. T2-weighted sagittal MR scans of the 60 cases demonstrated 37 medial plicae, 8 suprapatellar and one lateral plica. Joint effusion was found in 26 cases of 55 medial plicae. In T2-weighted sagittal MR scans, the identification of medial plicae was superior in the presence of joint effusion than its absence(plicae syndrome, p < 0.001 ; normal plicae group, p < 0.05). Medial plicae were well demonstrated onMPGR(200) axial images; on T2-weighted sagittal MR scans, they could be more frequently identified in the plicae syndrome group than in the normal control group(p < 0.001). Plicae syndrome-associated pathology included degenerative change of the articular cartilage of the medial femoral condyle in eight cases(14.5%), discoidmeniscus in nine(16.4%), lateral meniscus tear in 12(21.8%), medial meniscus tear in 21(38.1%), anterior cruciate ligament tear in three(5.5%), medial collateral ligament tear and osteochondritis dissecans in one case. CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that synovial plicae were well demonstrated in T2-weighted sagittal images, particularly on the presence of joint effusion. Medial plicae could be more frequently identified in the plicae syndrome group than in the normal control group, especially on T2-weighted sagittal MR scans.
Cartilage, Articular ; Collateral Ligaments ; Humans ; Joints ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Menisci, Tibial ; Osteochondritis Dissecans ; Pathology

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Endometrial Carcinoma Occuring from Polycystic Ovary Disease: A Case Report.

Su Ok SEONG ; Woo Ki JEON

Journal of the Korean Radiological Society.1996;35(6):961-964. doi:10.3348/jkrs.1996.35.6.961

Endometrial carcinoma usually occurs in postmenopausal women ; less than 5% occurs in women under the age of40. Up to one quarter of endometrial carcinoma patients below this age have PCO(polycystic ovary disease, Stein-Leventhal syndrome). The increased incidence of endometrial carcinoma in patients with PCO is related to chronic estrogenic stimulation. We report MR imaging in one case of endometrial carcinoma occuring in a 23 yearold woman with PCO and had complained of hypermenorrhea for about three years. On T2-weighted MR image the endometrial cavity was seen to be distended with protruded endometrial masses of intermediate signal intensity, and the junctional zone was disrupted beneath the masses. Both ovaries were best seen on T2-weighted MR imagingand showed multiple small peripheral cysts and low signal-intensity central stroma.
Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Menorrhagia ; Ovary*

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