Journal Detail Information

1

Cite

Share

Selenium, Manganese, Copper and Zinc Contents in Serum of Patients with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia.

Hyun Sook BAE ; Geum Ju LEE ; Hong Seok AHN

Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2005;10(5):700-707.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the implications of dietary intake and the level of serum micronutrients (Se, Mn, Cu, Zn), lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant capacity in Korean women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). From October 2002 to March 2003, 50 patients diagnosed with CIN (confirmed with colposcopy directed biopsy) and 50 patients without any cervical disease as the control group were enrolled in the study at the Department of Gynecology Cancer Center at Samsung Cheil Hospital. Animal fat intake in CIN group was significantly higher than that of the control group, but plant protein intake in the CIN group was significantly lower than that of the Control group. Energy and zink intakes were similar in the two groups. The serum concentration of antioxidant minerals in the CIN group were not signifi-cantly different from the control group. The total radical trapping antioxidant potential concentration of plasma was sig-nificantly lower in the CIN group (1.12 mM) than in the control group (1.25 mM)(p < 0.05). But MDA (malondialde-hyde) of serum was significantly higher in the CIN group (7.60 mM) than in the control group (4.99 mM)(p < 0.005). The serum selenium concentration of the control group showed significant positive correlation with the MDA level (r = 0.311). These findings are suggestive of protective roles for healthy dietary habit including increasing antioxidant nut-rients and decreasing intake of fat.
Animals ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia* ; Colposcopy ; Copper* ; Female ; Food Habits ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Manganese* ; Micronutrients ; Minerals ; Plants ; Plasma ; Selenium* ; Zinc*

2

Cite

Share

Comparison of Nutritional Status and Inflammational Markers in DM and nonDM Hemodialysis Patients.

Suan KIM ; Cheongmin SOHN ; Dong Wan CHAE

Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2005;10(5):693-699.

Protein-calorie malnutrition is common in maintenance dialysis patients. Indeed, diabetic patients with chronic renal failure are considered to be at increased risk of malnutrition. The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional status and markers of inflammation of hemodialysis patients with and without type 2 diabetes. We compared nutritional parameters and C-reactive protein (CRP) as a marker of inflammation in 30 type 2 diabetic patients and age-matched 30 non-diabetic patients with hemodialysis. Serum albumin was significantly lower in patients with type 2 diabetes (3.45 +/- 0.43 g/dL) than in non-diabetic patients (3.64 +/- 0.36 g/dL) (p < 0.05). In contrast, the concentration of serum CRP was significantly higher in type 2 diabetes (1.42 +/- 1.8 mg/dL) (p < 0.05). There were significant negative-relationships between serum albumin and CRP level in both diabetic (r = -0.553, p < 0.01) and non-diabetic (r = -0.579, p < 0.01) patients. In diabetic patients, serum albumin level was significantly correlated with hemoglobin (r = 0.488, p < 0.01) and hematocrit (r = 0.386, p < 0.01). Diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetic patients showed a significant (p < 0.01) increased serum triglyceride (TG) (153.1 +/- 80.1 mg/dL vs 101.6 +/- 62.4 mg/dL) and decreased serum HDL cholesterol (36.89 +/- 13.48mg/dL vs 47.00 +/- 14.02 mg/dL, P < 0.05). There were significant correlations in the intake of calorie and serum albumin levels in both diabetic (r = 0.438, p < 0.05) and non-diabetic (r = 0.527, p < 0.05) patients. Serum CRP level was negatively correlated with calorie (r = -0.468, p < 0.05), protein (r = -0.520, p < 0.01) and fat intakes (r = -0.403, p < 0.05) in diabetic patients and calorie (r = -0.534, p < 0.05) and protein intakes (r = -0.559, p < 0.05) in non-diabetic patients. The prevalence of protein malnutrition and the risk factors of cardiovascular disease were significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients than in non-diabetic hemodialysis patients. Thus, we can suggest that the higher comorbidity and mortality rate in diabetic hemodialysis patients are partially explained by malnutrition and inflammation.
C-Reactive Protein ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Comorbidity ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dialysis ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Malnutrition ; Mortality ; Nutritional Status* ; Prevalence ; Protein-Energy Malnutrition ; Renal Dialysis* ; Risk Factors ; Serum Albumin ; Triglycerides

3

Cite

Share

Development and Evaluation of Validity of Dish Frequency Questionnaire (DFQ) and Short DFQ Using Na Index for Estimation of Habitual Sodium Intake.

Sook Mee SON ; Gwui Yeop HUH ; Hong Sup LEE

Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2005;10(5):677-692.

The assessment of sodium intake is complex because of the variety and nature of dietary sodium. This study intended to develop a dish frequency questionnaire (DFQ) for estimating the habitual sodium intake and a short DFQ for screening subjects with high or low sodium intake. For DFQ112, one hundred and twelve dish items were selected based on the information of sodium content of the one serving size and consumption frequency. Frequency of consumption was determined through nine categories ranging from more than 3 times a day to almost never to indicate how often the specified amount of each food item was consumed during the past 6 months. One hundred seventy one adults (male: 78, female: 93) who visited hypertension or health examination clinic participated in the validation study. DFQ55 was developed from DFQ112 by omitting the food items not frequently consumed, selecting the dish items that showed higher sodium content per one portion size and higher consumption frequency. To develop a short DFQs for classifying subjects with low or high sodium intakes, the weighed score according to the sodium content of one protion size was given to each dish item of DFQ25 or DFQ14 and multiplied with the consumption frequency score. A sum index of all the dish items was formed and called sodium index (Na index). For validation study the DFQ112, 2-day diet record and one 24-hour urine collection were analyzed to estimate sodium intakes. The sodium intakes estimated with DFQ112 and 24-h urine analysis showed 65% agreement to be classified into the same quartile and showed significant correlation (r = 0.563 p < 0.05). However, the actual amount of sodium intake estimated with DFQ112 (male: 6221.9 mg, female: 6127.6 mg) showed substantial difference with that of 24-h urine analysis (male: 4556.9 mg, female: 5107.4 mg). The sodium intake estimated with DFQ55 (male: 4848.5 mg, female: 4884.3 mg) showed small difference from that estimated with 24-h urine analysis, higher proportion to be classfied into the same quartile and higher correlation with the sodium intakes estimated with 24-h urine analysis and systolic blood pressure. It seems DFQ55 can be used as a tool for quantitative estimation of sodium intake. Na index25 or Na index14 showed 39~50% agreement to be classified into the same quartile, substantial correlations with the sodium intake estimated with DFQ55 and significant correlations with the sodium intake estimated with 24-h urine analysis. When point 119 for Na index25 was used as a criterion of low sodium intake, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value was 62.5%, 81.8% and 53.2%, respectively. When point 102 for Na index14 was used as a criterion of high sodium intake, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value were 73.8%, 84.0%, 62.0%, respectively. It seems the short DFQs using Na index14 or Na index25 are simple, easy and proper instruments to classify the low or high sodium intake group.
Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Diet Records ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Mass Screening ; Portion Size ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Serving Size ; Sodium* ; Sodium, Dietary ; Urine Specimen Collection

4

Cite

Share

Satisfaction of Elementary Students Eating School Lunch; Association with Level of Involvement in School Lunch Service.

Jihyun YOON ; Yun Jeong CHOO ; Sang Jin CHUNG ; Si Hyun RYU

Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2005;10(5):668-676.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the students' levels of involvement in school lunch service and their satisfaction levels with the service. A survey was conducted with 5th and 6th grade elementary students eating school lunches. Out of 1,680 questionnaires distributed to the students from 14 schools, 1,254 complete questionnaires (74.6%) were analyzed. The questionnaire included two 5-point multi-item scales for measuring levels of involvement in and satisfaction with school lunch service, respectively. A factor analysis grouped 20 items measuring school lunch satisfaction into three factors: 'food satisfaction', 'nutrition & sanitation satisfaction', and 'service & environment satisfaction'. As a result of multiple regression analyses controlling the influence of such variables as students' grades, gender, school location, years and places of eating school lunches, students' levels of involvement in school lunch service was proven to be positively associated with levels of school lunch satisfaction overall, as well as satisfaction levels in regard to 'food', 'nutrition & sanitation', and 'service & environment', respectively. It was suggested that efforts such as nutrition education to increase students' levels of involvement in school lunches could be a useful strategy to improve students' satisfaction with school lunch service.
Eating ; Education ; Humans ; Lunch* ; Sanitation ; Weights and Measures

5

Cite

Share

The Different View Point Of Child Education Center Food Service Program between the Parents and the Teachers.

Youngmee LEE

Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2005;10(5):654-667.

To survey the different view points about food service programs among parents and teachers, 2 types of questionnaires, which consisted of attitude, perception, satisfaction and demand of the food service program in child education centers, were used. The data was collected from 2450 parents and 450 teachers who attended a child education center in 16 provinces, nationwide. SPSS was used for descriptive analysis and ANOVA test and chi2-test. The finding results were as follows. 1. The average serving size of meal (lunch) were 80 meals per day and 167 meals per day at large institutions. Mean cost of snacks was 14,709 won per month and mean costs of lunch were 29,319 won per month. The mean price was not significantly different according to the scale of institution. The numbers of servings of lunch, morning snack and afternoon snack were 5, 3.4 and 3.5 times per week each. 56.4% of the institutions served meals to children in classrooms, but the national/public institutions, which were attending elementary school, served meals in a dining place in the elementary school. 2. Teacher controlled serving portion size of snacks (79.6%) and lunch (88.8%) and 30.1% of teacher did not allow leaving lunch food. The ratio of knowing about preserved meals of the teacher who worked at a small institution was significantly higher than the teacher who worked at large institutions (p < 0.01). 3. Between parents and teachers, several different view points about school lunch programs were detected. Most parents and teachers wanted that the school lunch to be fully cooked and served at the child education institution itself, but 12.2% of parents and 14.4% of teachers wanted a catering service. The teachers group preferred 'lunch box from home' and 'home partially prepared lunch' as an ideal meal serving type than the parent groups (p < 0.01). And there were significantly different view points about price factors in school meals, teachers group highly answered that operating expenses must be added in meal prices. 4. The teacher groups' priorities of education activities during meal time were a significantly lower score than parents group in overall education activities. Teacher and parent groups pointed out that individual sanitation activities were most important of the education activities during meal time, but promoting good eating habits was the lowest score in both groups. 5. 'Improving taste and food quality' was most urgent in food service at child education centers, but there were significantly different view points between parent groups (64.5%) and teacher groups (43.8%)(p < 0.05). They answered at a lower percent in 'employee qualified person' and 'cost control' point to improve food service, but there were also different opinions between the two groups (p < 0.01). 6. As to the matter of the advantages and disadvantages of catering services, two group answered that the advantages of a catering service were 'convenience' and 'to solve facilities and labor problems', disadvantages were 'lower in food freshness' and 'sanitation problems'. There were also several different view pionts in catering services, the parents groups were more anxious about food sanitation than teachers. This study found several different view points about school food services among parents and teachers. To improve food services at child education institutions, there is a need to adjust the differences between the two groups through interactive communication channels and education and to employ dietitians as taking charge of adjusting roles between the two groups.
Child* ; Eating ; Education* ; Food Services* ; Humans ; Lunch ; Meals ; Nutritionists ; Parents* ; Portion Size ; Sanitation ; Serving Size ; Snacks

6

Cite

Share

Nutritional Status of Hospitalized Geriatric Patients Using by the Mini Nutritional Assessment.

Su Hyun CHUNG ; Cheong Min SOHN

Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2005;10(5):645-653.

The prevalence of undernutrition in hospital populations is known to be high. The presence of malnutrition is associated with depression, infections, sarcopaenia, falls, fractures, reduced autonomy and increased mortality. This study specifically examined the prevalence of malnutrition in patients aged 65 or older at the time of admission as determined by the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) which has been a frequently used nutritional risk screening tools in detecting undernutrition in old people. This study was done for one hundred eight hospitalized geriatric patients in Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Korea. On admission baseline history, anthropometrics measurements, laboratory data and nutritional status by MNA were assessed. Length of hospital stay was obtained by reviewing medical charts. We used one-way analysis of variance to compare the differences in variables. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were calculated for associations between MNA and variables. On admission, 22.3% of patients were malnourished and 40.7% were at risk of malnutrition according to the MNA. Percent of ideal body weight, anthropometrics data, albumin, and hemoglobin were lower in the malnourished patients (p < 0.05). The malnourished patients stayed in the hospital 7.3 days longer, as compared with well nourished patients (p < 0.05). Percent of ideal body weight, albumin, hemoglobin and total cholesterol were correlated inversely with nutritional status according to MNA (p < 0.05). MNA can be used for nutritional assessment in Korean old people, because MNA significantly correlated with other nutritional assessment parameters, such as, anthropometric and laboratory data in hospitalized geriatric patients. The high prevalence of malnutrition in the elderly was observed and the presence of malnutrition on admission predicted a significant increase in the length of hospital stay in this study. Therefore further studies are needed to determine whether nutritional interventions in old people with low MNA scores can improve clinical outcomes during the hospital course.
Aged ; Cholesterol ; Depression ; Humans ; Ideal Body Weight ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Malnutrition ; Mass Screening ; Mortality ; Nutrition Assessment* ; Nutritional Status* ; Prevalence ; Seoul

7

Cite

Share

Changes in Blood Pressures, Blood Profiles and Physical Conditions among Adults in the Daejeon Area.

Hae Kyung KANG

Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2005;10(5):633-644.

The body mass index, blood pressures and blood profiles of adults, who worked at three colleges in the Daejeon area, were evaluated for use in developing well-balanced menus at their workplace cafeterias and/or in creating nutrition education programs tailored to their health statuses. The data analyzed were from physical examinations performed in 2002 and in 2004 by the National Health Insurance Corporation. Overall, levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and serum cholesterol were lower in the 2004 samples than in those of 2002, but most samples in 2004 showed higher levels of SGOT. In 2002, statistical differences occured in the levels of blood pressure and serum cholesterol among age groups, but not in 2004. And in 2004, the older the age group, the higher the BMI. Among subjects in their twenties, three variables (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and serum cholesterol) showed statistical differences; this increased to four variables (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose and serum cholesterol) among subjects in their thirties and to six variables (Hb, SGOT, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose and serum cholesterol) among those in their forties, followed by a decline to four variables (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Hb and serum cholesterol) among subjects in their fifties. In general, the results of physical examinations showed improvements in blood pressure and blood profiles in 2004 in comparison with results in 2002. The level of SGOT was the exception. Despite these improvements, of those employees who had physical examinations in 2004, 5.2% had high blood glucose and 18.1% hypertension, 27.9% hypercholesterolemia, 8.3% registered abnormal liver functions, and 31.3% were classified as overweight and obese. Moreover, because some vulnerable blood profiles were found in the older age groups, various programs, including nutrition education, and/or development of healthful diets as well as excercise activities, may be needed within their workplaces.
Adult* ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Education ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hypertension ; Liver ; National Health Programs ; Overweight ; Physical Examination

8

Cite

Share

Dietary Behaviors and Status of Nutrient Intakes by the Obesity Levels of Housewives in Daegu.

Jung A PARK ; Jin Sook YOON

Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2005;10(5):623-632.

This study was intended to collect the baseline information on dietary behavior of adults to develop nutrition education program in the context of healthy weights at community level. Nutrient intakes of 128 housewives were assessed by 24 hour recall method. Also food habits, nutrition knowledge and attitude were investigated by self-administered questionnaires. Subjects were divided to under-weight, normal-weight, over-weight groups by body mass index (BMI). Most under-weight groups evaluated as their current body images were normal. 41% of normal-weight groups judged as their current body images were obese. Energy and fat intakes of over-weight group were significantly higher than that of under-weight and normal weight groups (p < 0.05). However, carbohydrate and protein intakes showed no significant differences among the three groups. It appeared that active attitude toward change in nutrition attitude of normalweight group was significantly higher than that of under-weight group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences of food habit score, nutrition knowledge, and obesity habit scores among the three groups. The frequency of eating-out showed significant difference among three groups (p < 0.05). Food habit scores were positively related to health-concerned attitude (r = 0.174), convenience-concerned attitude (r = 0.229) and food enjoyed attitude (0.213) and negatively related to obesity habit score (r = -0.206). Also, positive correlation of body fat mass with frequency of eatingout (r = 0.213), instant food (r = 0.227) and amount of meal (r = 0.187) existed (p < 0.05). We concluded that nutrition education programs for housewives should include specific strategies to modify unsound food behaviors and inappropriate perception of body image for a healthy weight.
Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Body Image ; Body Mass Index ; Daegu* ; Education ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Meals ; Obesity* ; Weights and Measures

9

Cite

Share

A Change of Serum Folate and Vitamin B12 Concentrations of Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood during Pregnancy.

Geum Ju LEE ; Hey Mi JANG ; Hong Seok AHN

Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2005;10(5):615-622.

Folate and Vitamin B12 are essential nutrients important during pregnancy. This study was conducted to evaluate the folate and vitamin B12 nutritional status of Korean pregnant women and to investigate the relationship between maternal-umbilical cord serum folate and vitamin B12 levels and pregnancy outcomes. Dietary intakes of the pregnant women were estimated by 24 hour-recall (3 times). Serum folate and vitamin B12 levels in maternal blood and umbilical cord of 27 pregnant women at 1'st-, 2'nd-, 3'rd- trimester and delivery were measured by RIA (radioimmuno assay), respectively. Means of folate and vitamin B12 intake were 283.53 +/- 58.01 microgram/day and 2.99 +/- 1.32 mg/day, respectively. Maternal mean serum folate levels of the trimester and delivery were 9.75 +/- 3.60 ng/ml, 10.46 +/- 4.63 ng/ml, 10.71 +/- 4.14 ng/ml and 15.05 +/- 7.04 ng/ml. Those maternal levels were significantly lower than that of umbilical cord blood (23.99 +/- 9.42 ng/ml). Serum vitamin B12 levels of maternal trimester and delivery were 479.07 +/- 137.56 pg/ml, 310.96 +/- 137.56 pg/ml, 308.22 +/- 74.65 pg/ml, and 295.67 +/- 93.36 pg/ml, which were significantly lower than those of umbilical cord blood (500.13 +/- 185.60 ng/ml). This finding indicates that the uptake of folate and vitamin B12 in the fetus may be due to an active placental transport mechanism. Maternal serum level correlated positively with those of umbilical cord blood, showing that folate and vitamin B12 concentration of umbilical cord blood might be affected by maternal status. There was no significant correlation between the serum folate levels in maternal-umbilical cord blood and the pregnancy outcomes. However, maternal vitamin B12 level at 1'st trimester was significant positive correlation between the gestational age except for birth weight and weight gain.
Birth Weight ; Female ; Fetal Blood* ; Fetus ; Folic Acid* ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Nutritional Status ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; Umbilical Cord* ; Vitamin B 12* ; Vitamins* ; Weight Gain

10

Cite

Share

A Study on Relation between Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Nutritional Intake, Blood Composition of Female College Students.

Sung Hee KIM ; Joo Hee LEE

Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2005;10(5):603-614.

This study was performed to investigate the correlation between Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and nutritional intake, blood composition of female students. One hundred and one female students were selected as the experimental subjects at Gyeongsang National University. To assess the PMS symptoms of the subjects, a questionnaire (PAF) score based on the methods of Halbreich, Endicor and Nee was prepared with 34 different items. Dietary survey was conducted by 24-hour recall method for 3 days and nutrient intakes were analyzed by the CAN-Pro. Blood composition of WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct, Ca and Mg was measured. The average height, weight and BMI of subjects were 160.7 +/- 4.6 cm, 54.1 +/- 5.7 kg and 21.2 +/- 1.9, respectively. Average intakes of energy, calcium, iron, zinc, vit B2, and folic acid per day were 1810.2 +/- 344.9 kcal (90.5% of RDA), 621.1 +/- 197.3 mg (88.7% of RDA), 15.9 +/- 4.9 mg (99.3% of RDA), 8.1 +/- 3.4 mg (80.5% of RDA), 1.1 +/- 0.6 mg (88.3% of RDA) and 234.3 +/- 78.6 microgram (93.7% of RDA), respectively. Score of the behavioral symptoms, psychologic symptoms, physical symptoms and other symptoms were recorded 1.79 +/- 0.86, 2.11 +/- 1.08, 2.31 +/- 1.11 and 1.58 +/- 0.86, respectively. The relation between PMS and menstrual cramps was significant. A significant difference was observed for menstruation amount in physical symptoms (p < 0.05) and other score (p < 0.05). The group who drinks alcohol over 30 g per day showed higher scores at total PAF (p < 0.05), psychologic symptoms (p < 0.05), physical symptoms (p < 0.05), and other scores (p < 0.05) than those who don't drink alcohol. Calcium in the blood showed a negative correlation with total PAF score (p < 0.05), behavioral symptoms (p < 0.05), physical symptoms (p < 0.05) and other scores (p < 0.01). Magnesium in the blood showed a negative correlation with physical symptoms (p < 0.05), other score (p < 0.05). WBC was negatively associated with psychologic scores (p < 0.05). Hb and Hct were negatively associated with other scores (p < 0.05). In conclusion, calcium intake showed a level of 88.7% of RDA and this study revealed that there is a correlation between PMS and blood composition in female college students. Therefore, calcium and magnesium supplements can be beneficial to relieve PMS symptoms.
Behavioral Symptoms ; Calcium ; Female* ; Folic Acid ; Humans ; Iron ; Magnesium ; Menstruation ; Muscle Cramp ; Premenstrual Syndrome* ; Zinc

DISPLAY OPTIONS

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share

Cite

Share