Korean Diabetes Journal.2010;34(5):329-330. doi:10.4093/kdj.2010.34.5.329
Korean Diabetes Journal
2002 (v1, n1) to Present ISSN: 1671-8925
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Korean Diabetes Journal.2010;34(5):327-328. doi:10.4093/kdj.2010.34.5.327
Korean Diabetes Journal.2010;34(5):320-326. doi:10.4093/kdj.2010.34.5.320
BACKGROUND: Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (ENPP1) generates inorganic pyrophosphate, a solute that serves as an essential physiological inhibitor of calcification. Inactivating mutations of ENPP1 are associated with generalized calcification in infancy and an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We hypothesized that the ENPP1 K121Q variant may be associated with increased coronary artery calcification in T2DM patients. METHODS: The study subjects were aged 34 to 85 years and showed no evidence of clinical cardiovascular disease prior to recruitment. A total of 140 patients with T2DM were assessed for their coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores and ENPP1 K121Q polymorphisms were identified. RESULTS: The prevalence of subjects carrying the KQ genotype was 12.9% (n = 18). There were no 121QQ homozygotes. Patients with the KQ genotype did not show a significantly higher CAC score (122 vs. 18; P = 0.858). We matched each patient with the KQ genotype to a respective control with the KK genotype by gender, age, and duration of diabetes. When compared to matched controls, we observed no significant difference in CAC score (P = 0.959). CONCLUSIONS: The ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism does not appear to be associated with coronary artery calcification in patients with T2DM.
Aged ; Calcium ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Coronary Vessels ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diphosphates ; Genotype ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Lifting ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases ; Prevalence ; Pyrophosphatases
Aged ; Calcium ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Coronary Vessels ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diphosphates ; Genotype ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Lifting ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases ; Prevalence ; Pyrophosphatases
Korean Diabetes Journal.2010;34(5):312-319. doi:10.4093/kdj.2010.34.5.312
BACKGROUND: The highly developed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) structure in pancreatic beta cells is heavily involved in insulin biosynthesis. Thus, any perturbation in ER function inevitably impacts insulin biosynthesis. Recent studies showed that the expression of tribbles-related protein 3 (TRB3), a mammalian homolog of Drosophilia tribbles, in various cell types is induced by ER stress. Here, we examined whether ER stress induces TRB3 expression in INS-1 cells and found that TRB3 mediates ER stress-induced suppression of insulin gene expression. METHODS: The effects of tunicamycin and thapsigargin on insulin and TRB3 expression in INS-1 cells were measured by Northern and Western blot analysis, respectively. The effects of adenovirus-mediated overexpression of TRB3 on insulin, PDX-1 and MafA gene expression in INS-1 cells were measured by Northern blot analysis. The effect of TRB3 on insulin promoter was measured by transient transfection study with constructs of human insulin promoter. RESULTS: The treatment of INS-1 cells with tunicamycin and thapsigargin decreased insulin mRNA expression, but increased TRB3 protein expression. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of TRB3 decreased insulin gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. A transient transfection study showed that TRB3 inhibited insulin promoter activity, suggesting that TRB3 inhibited insulin gene expression at transcriptional level. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of TRB3 also decreased PDX-1 mRNA expression, but did not influence MafA mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that ER stress induced TRB3 expression, but decreased both insulin and PDX-1 gene expression in INS-1 cells. Our data suggest that TRB3 plays an important role in ER stress-induced beta cell dysfunction.
Blotting, Northern ; Blotting, Western ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin-Secreting Cells ; RNA, Messenger ; Thapsigargin ; Transfection ; Tunicamycin
Blotting, Northern ; Blotting, Western ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin-Secreting Cells ; RNA, Messenger ; Thapsigargin ; Transfection ; Tunicamycin
Korean Diabetes Journal.2010;34(5):303-311. doi:10.4093/kdj.2010.34.5.303
BACKGROUND: Identification of dietary patterns is important for glycemic management in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: Elderly T2DM patients (> 65 years of age, n = 48) were categorized based on their concentration of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Subjects with HbA1c levels below 7% were placed in the good control (GC) group and those with HbA1c levels equal to or above 8% were placed in the poor control (PC) group. Anthropometric data, blood parameters, and dietary intake records were compared between the groups. Statistical analysis included Student's t-test, chi-square test, and Pearson correlation coefficient test. RESULTS: Anthropometric data, including body mass index (24.7 +/- 2.9 kg/m2), did not differ between the GC and PC groups. Significant abnormalities in blood glucose levels (P < 0.01), lean body mass (P < 0.01), and plasma protein and albumin levels (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) were found in the PC group. In contrast to the GC group, the PC group depended on carbohydrate (P = 0.014) rather than protein (P = 0.013) or fat (P = 0.005) as a major source of energy, and had a lower index of nutritional quality for nutrients such as protein (P = 0.001), and all vitamins and minerals (P < 0.001, 0.01, or 0.05 for individual nutrients), except vitamin C, in their usual diet. Negative correlations between HbA1C levels and protein (r = -0.338, P < 0.05) or fat (r = -0.385, P < 0.01) intakes were also found. CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare professionals should encourage elderly diabetic patients to consume a balanced diet to maintain good glycemic control.
Aged ; Ascorbic Acid ; Blood Glucose ; Body Mass Index ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diet ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Micronutrients ; Minerals ; Nutritive Value ; Plasma ; Vitamins
Aged ; Ascorbic Acid ; Blood Glucose ; Body Mass Index ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diet ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Micronutrients ; Minerals ; Nutritive Value ; Plasma ; Vitamins
Korean Diabetes Journal.2010;34(1):68-70. doi:10.4093/kdj.2010.34.1.68
Korean Diabetes Journal.2010;34(1):66-67. doi:10.4093/kdj.2010.34.1.66
Factors that Affect Medication Adherence in Elderly Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.
Korean Diabetes Journal.2010;34(1):55-65. doi:10.4093/kdj.2010.34.1.55
BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to evaluate the factors affecting medication adherence in geriatric diabetic patients treated at private clinics and tertiary hospitals. We compared the factors affecting medication adherence between these two patient groups. METHODS: We included 108 diabetic patients older than 65 years treated at one tertiary hospital and 157 patients older than 65 years treated at two private clinics. We conducted an interview survey based on the Health Belief Model, and used a questionnaire that included the self-efficacy variable. For the medication adherence, Morisky's self-report was used. RESULTS: The medication adherence based on Morisky's self-report was significantly higher in tertiary hospital patients (61.1%) compared to private clinic patients (43.2%) (P < 0.01). The results showed that drug storage and self-efficacy were factors affecting adherence to medication in tertiary hospital patients (P < 0.05). The adherence was high in cases of proper drug storage (odds ratio [OR], 5.401) and in cases with high self-efficacy (OR, 13.114). In private clinic patients, financial level (P < 0.05), recognition of the seriousness of diabetes complications (P < 0.05) and self-efficacy (P < 0.01) were associated with medication adherence. The medication adherence was significantly lower in patients whose financial state were moderate than those with lower (OR, 0.410), and medication adherence was significantly higher in patients who had higher perceived severity (OR, 2.936) and in patients with higher self-efficacy (OR, 4.040). CONCLUSION: Different strategies should be used to increase medication adherence in geriatric diabetic patients, depending on institutions whether they are treated.
Aged ; Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Drug Storage ; Humans ; Medication Adherence ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Aged ; Diabetes Complications ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Drug Storage ; Humans ; Medication Adherence ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Surveys and Questionnaires
The Effect of Glucose Fluctuation on Apoptosis and Function of INS-1 Pancreatic Beta Cells.
Korean Diabetes Journal.2010;34(1):47-54. doi:10.4093/kdj.2010.34.1.47
BACKGROUND: Blood glucose level continuously fluctuates within a certain range in the human body. In diabetes patients, the extent of such fluctuation is large, despite the strict control of blood glucose. Blood glucose fluctuation has been shown to mediate more adverse effects on vascular endothelial cells and diabetes complications than chronic hyperglycemia, which has been explained as due to oxidative stress. As few previous studies have reported the effects of chronic and intermittent hyperglycemia on the apoptosis and function of pancreatic beta cells, this study reported herein was performed to investigate such effects on these cells. METHODS: For chronic hyperglycemia, INS-1 cells were cultured for 5 days with changes of RPMI 1640 medium containing 33 mM glucose every 12 hours. For intermittent hyperglycemia, the medium containing 11 mM glucose was exchanged with the medium containing 33 mM glucose every 12 hours. Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay Hoechst staining and cleaved caspase 3. Insulin secretory capacity was assessed, and the expression of Mn-SOD and Bcl-2 was measured by Western blotting. RESULTS: In comparison to the control group, INS-1 cells exposed to chronic hyperglycemia and intermittent hyperglycemia showed an increase in apoptosis. The apoptosis of INS-1 cells exposed to intermittent hyperglycemia increased significantly more than the apoptosis of INS-1 cells exposed to chronic hyperglycemia. In comparison to the control group, the insulin secretory capacity in the two hyperglycemic states was decreased, and more with intermittent hyperglycemia than with chronic hyperglycemia. The expression of Mn-SOD and Bcl-2 increased more with chronic hyperglycemia than with intermittent hyperglycemia. CONCLUSION: Intermittent hyperglycemia induced a higher degree of apoptosis and decreased the insulin secretory capacity more in pancreatic beta cells than chronic hyperglycemia. This activity may be mediated by the anti-oxidative enzyme Mn-SOD and the anti-apoptotic signal Bcl-2.
Apoptosis ; Blood Glucose ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 3 ; Diabetes Complications ; Endothelial Cells ; Glucose ; Human Body ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Insulin ; Insulin-Secreting Cells ; Oxidative Stress ; Superoxide Dismutase
Apoptosis ; Blood Glucose ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 3 ; Diabetes Complications ; Endothelial Cells ; Glucose ; Human Body ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Insulin ; Insulin-Secreting Cells ; Oxidative Stress ; Superoxide Dismutase
Korean Diabetes Journal.2010;34(1):40-46. doi:10.4093/kdj.2010.34.1.40
BACKGROUND: Hypertension and age are recognized as important risk factors for left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction. Some studies have shown that diabetes itself may also be an independent risk factor for LV diastolic dysfunction, although this is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with LV diastolic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes in the absence of hypertension or ischemic heart disease (IHD). METHODS: Participants in this study consisted of 65 type 2 diabetes patients (M : F = 45 : 20; mean age 51 [26 to 76] years; mean body mass index [BMI] 25.0 +/- 2.5 kg/m2) without hypertension, heart disease, or renal disease. Individuals with ischemic electrocardiographic changes were excluded. LV diastolic function was evaluated by Doppler echocardiographic studies. RESULTS: Fifteen patients (23.1%) showed LV diastolic dysfunction on Doppler echocardiographic studies. Patients with LV diastolic dysfunction were older than those without diastolic dysfunction (60.0 +/- 2.5 vs. 50.5 +/- 1.9 years; P < 0.01). After adjusting for age and sex, BMI was higher (26.6 +/- 0.7 vs. 24.6 +/- 0.3 kg/m2; P < 0.01) and diabetes duration was longer (9.65 +/- 1.48 vs. 4.71 +/- 0.78 years; P < 0.01) in patients with LV diastolic dysfunction than in those without diastolic dysfunction. There were no differences in sex, smoking, blood pressure, lipid profiles, hemoglobin A1C, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, or diabetic microvascular complications between the LV diastolic dysfunction group and the normal diastolic function group. After adjusting for age, sex, and BMI, diabetes duration was found to be independently associated with LV diastolic dysfunction (odds ratio 1.38; confidence interval 1.12 to 1.72; P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that diabetes duration may be a risk factor for LV diastolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients without hypertension or IHD.
Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Electrocardiography ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Heart Diseases ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Insulin ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking
Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Electrocardiography ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Heart Diseases ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Insulin ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking
Country
Republic of Korea
Publisher
Korean Diabetes Association
ElectronicLinks
http://e-dmj.org/Editor-in-chief
Abbreviation
Korean Diabetes J
Vernacular Journal Title
당뇨병
ISSN
1976-9180
EISSN
2093-2650
Year Approved
2007
Current Indexing Status
Currently Indexed
Start Year
Description
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