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Effects of the Antihypertensive Drugs on the Choroidal Blood Flow in Rabbits.

Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society.1968;9(2):13-18.

The effects of antihypertensive drugs on the choroidal blood flow in rabbits were studied by an apparatus based on the principle of internal calorimetry of Grayson. Thermistors, as the sensing elements, were fastened on the scleral surface of the eye, and determinations were performed up to 60 minutes after intravenous administrations of drugs. The drugs studied were: ganglion blocking agents (pentholinium tartarate, 4 mg; hexamethonium bromide, 1 mg; and mecamylamine chloride, 0.15mg), alpha-methyldopa, 4 mg; guanethidine, 0.5 mg; reserpine, 0.2 mg; hydralazine, 5 mg; and diuretics (dichlorothiazide, 2.5 mg; frusemide, 2.5 mg). Except the diuretics, all the drugs employed produced considerable increase in the choroidal blood flow. The relationships between blood pressure, intraocular pressure and the choroidal blood flow were discussed and the clinical applications were suggested.
Administration, Intravenous ; Antihypertensive Agents* ; Blood Pressure ; Calorimetry ; Choroid* ; Dental Calculus ; Diuretics ; Furosemide ; Ganglion Cysts ; Guanethidine ; Hexamethonium ; Hydralazine ; Intraocular Pressure ; Mecamylamine ; Methyldopa ; Rabbits* ; Reserpine

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Electroretinogram in Experimental Ocular Siderosis.

Jae Heung LEE ; Won Shik YOUN

Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society.1968;9(2):7-12.

Experimental ocular siderosis was induced in fourteen albino rabbits by the insertion of iron fragments through the scleral incision made at equatorial region. ERGs were recorded up to 30 days after the insertion of iron, both in scotopic and photopic conditions. Light stimulus used was electronic photoflash of 2 msec duration. The changes in the scotopic b-wave were classified into 3 types. The first type (4 eyes) showed gradual decrease finally attaining 54.6% of the original amplitude. The second type (3 eyes) showed supernormal b-wave during whole period of study, the increase reached 43.0% after 30 days. In the third type (6 eyes) the b-potential remained almost stationary. The scotopic a-wave changed in a similar way as the b-wave. Sometimes negative (-) type ERGs were recorded, especially during the falling stage of the b-potential. The photopic a- and b-waves changed almost parallel to the scotopic components. By slitlamp biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy, fibrous connective tissue proliferated around the iron fragments, never extending deep into the vitreous body. Fundi were well visible except the insertion site. Histological section revealed moderate scar tissue formation around the insertion site of iron, and mild visual cell and ganglion cell destructions.
Cicatrix ; Connective Tissue ; Ganglion Cysts ; Iron ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Rabbits ; Siderosis* ; Vitreous Body

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Electroretinographic Changes Experimentally Induced by the Intraocular Copper.

Dong Woo BAE ; Won Shik YOUN

Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society.1968;9(2):1-5.

Copper fragment was introduced into the vitreous body of fourteen albino rabbits through the scleral incision at equatorial region. Both photopic and scotopic ERGs were recorded for 30 days thereafter stimulated by the electronic photoflash of 2 msec duration.The changes in scotopic b-potential were roughly classified into 3 types. The first type (5 eyes) showed acute, severe reduction, extinguishing from 6 to 24 days. The second type (3 eyes) was characterized by the absence of any remarakble changes during the whole observation period, the final b'potential being 82,4% of the original value. In the third type (6 eyes), the b-potential decreased gradually and 24.3% of the pre' operative value was attained after 30 days. The latent time and the implicit time of the b-potential increased proportionally to the reduction of the b-wave. The scotopic a-wave behaved parallel to the b-wave, and in later stage, negative (-) type of ERGs were frequently encountered. The photopic a- and b-waves changed in the similar way as the scotopic a- and b-waves, respectively. The slitlamp biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy revealed the fibrous tissue proliferation around the copper fragment in relatively early stage. When the proliferation progressed and extended into the vitreous body, ERG showed reduction in b-potential, and sometimes increase in b-potential was noted In cases in which connective tissue encapsulated the copper and did not extend into the vitreous body, ERG changes were much milder and slower. In histological sesctions performed 2 weeks and 3 weeks after the insertion of copper fragment, the degeneration of the retina began both in the visual cell layer and ganglion cell layer almost simultaneously. When the ERG was extinguished, the retinal tissue showed complete destruction.
Connective Tissue ; Copper* ; Ganglion Cysts ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Rabbits ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde ; Vitreous Body

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The Effect of Combined Application of Argon and Nd-YAG Laser on Iridectomy in Rabbits.

Chan PARK ; Sang Wook RHEE

Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society.1988;29(2):353-362.

Recently iridectomy using argon or Nd-YAG laser to treat narrow angle glaucoma has become popular, and is now a procedure of choice over the standard surgical technique. However, shock wave of Nd-YAG laser causes hemorrhage in almost all cases and high energy level of Nd-YAG laser, which is required for iridectomy, causes injuries to the lens and cornea. Furthermore, there is a tendency toward closure of the iridectomy site after argon laser application. We performed iridectomies by combined application of argon and Nd-YAG laser in pigmented rabbits to improve iris bleeding, iridectomy patency, and lens and corneal damage. The iridectomy patency and the lens and corneal damage were examined with scanning electron microscope. The rabbits that underwent laser iridectomies with only Nd-YAG laser were used as a control group. The following results were obtained: 1. The bleeding rate of the iridectomy in the combined application group was 2.4% and in the control group 98.8% proving the combined application of both lasers to be higly effective. 2. In the experimental group, the patency rate of iridectomy was 33.3% at the energy level of 1 mJ, 66.6% at 2 mJ, 83.3% at 4 mJ, and 6 mJ, respectively. In the control group, the patency rate of iridectomy was 33.3% at the energy level of 4 mJ, 63.6% at 6 mJ, 83.3% at 8 mJ, respecively. At the same energy level, the experimental group showed a higher rate of patency than the control group. 3. In both experimental and control groups, the lens damage was noted at the energy level of 6 mJ or higher. The lens was not affected by lower energy Nd-YAG laser. 4. In the experimental and control groups, the corneal damage was observed at the energy level of 8 mJ or higher. The cornea was not affected by low energy Nd-YAG laser. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that laser iridectomy by combined application of argon and Nd-YAG lasers results in a lower rate of bleeding, a higher rate of patency, and less damage to the lens and cornea as compared with iridectomy performed by Nd-YAG laser only.
Argon* ; Cornea ; Glaucoma ; Hemorrhage ; Iridectomy* ; Iris ; Lasers, Solid-State* ; Rabbits* ; Shock

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Clinical Result of Trabeculotomy(ab externo).

Sang Hyup LEE

Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society.1988;29(2):347-351.

The introduction of microsurgical techniques in trabeculotcmy ab externo led to further improvement in the control of intraocular pressure of developmental glaucoma and glaucoma in young adults. Trabeculotomies were performed in 23 eyes: 7 eyes with congenital glaucoma, and 6 eyes with infantile glaucoma, and 10 eyes with juvenile glauccma or primary open-angle glaucoma in young adults. Five eyes of the cases had previous filtering operation. Intraocular pressure was controlled in 7 eyes(100.0%) with congenital glaucoma, 5 eyes(83.3%) with infantile glaucoma, and 8 eyes(80.0%) with juvenile glaucoma or glaucoma in young adults, with/without less medication. The average reduction of IOP was 17.9 mmHg after the operation. A strong statistical relationship was present between the success of the operation and low C/D ratio or no history of previous filtering operation, and the success was not dependent on the high IOP, the size of corma, and age of onset.
Age of Onset ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Trabeculectomy ; Young Adult

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Experimental Aconitine Neuroretinopathy in Rabbit Eye.

Jae Ki BAE ; Jae Yong BAE ; Jyung Sik KWAK ; Sang Ha KIM ; Kui Deock SEOUK

Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society.1988;29(2):337-345.

Toxic effects of Aconiti tuber, an important ingredient of Chinese medicinal preparation, have been encountered clinically. The chief bioactive and toxic constituent is the alkaloid aconitine. In this study histopathologic changes in the fine structures of rabbit eye by intravenously administered aconitine were examined with light and electron microscopes. The initial and most characteristic features observed in the histopathologic study were degenerative changes in the myelinated nerve fiber layer. So the effects of aconitine on the rabbit eye were primarily regarded as toxic neuropathy.
Aconitine* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated

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Extracellular Matrix of the Cultured Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells.

Myung Kyoo KO ; Joon Kiu CHOE

Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society.1988;29(2):331-335.

This study was undertaken in an attempt to localize fibronectin and collagen type IV to the cultured retinal pigment epithelial cell by means of immunofluorescent staining and immunocytochemrcal method. Immunofluorescent staining and immunocytochemical methcds revealed fibronectin and collagen type IV localized on the extracellular membrane of the cultured retinal pigment epithelial cell. Ultrastructural immunocytochemical technique also revealed fibronectin associated with extracellular tissue. This study demonstrated that fibronectin and collagen type IV are an integral component of the extracellular matrix of the retinal pigment epithelial cell in vitro.
Collagen Type IV ; Epithelial Cells* ; Extracellular Matrix* ; Fibronectins ; Membranes ; Retinaldehyde*

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Fundus Fluorescein Photography Using Oral Fluorescein.

Yong Hwan PARK ; Han Ki CHANG

Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society.1988;29(2):323-331.

Fundus fluorescein angiography has become a standard diagnostic test in ophthalmology. It is reported, however, that various side effects occur with intravenous administration of fluorescein sodium. After it was determined that the oral use of fluorescein sodium was harmless, it was applied to clinical cases. Fundus fluorescein photography was performed in 30 subjects. After fasting fluorescein sodium was administered in a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight followed by the ingestion of 50 ml of water. The first oral fluorogram was taken 10 minutes after peroral dye administration, and repeated 5 times at an interval of 10 minutes. The results of this study were as follows: 1. We obtained sufficient fluorescein images in 28 of the 30 subjects(93%). 2. The fluorescence in the fundus became detectable about 10 minutes after peroral administration. 3. Maximal intensity of fluorescence was usually seen at 30 minutes after peroral administration. 4. There were no adverse reactions from any subject. 5. This may be preferred in studies of children, patients with no visible veins, patients who are psychologically unsuitable for injections, unstable patients who have severe diseases(cardiovascular accident, myocardial infarction, hypertension etc) and in large scale surveys.
Administration, Intravenous ; Body Weight ; Child ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Eating ; Fasting ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Fluorescein* ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Myocardial Infarction ; Ophthalmology ; Photography* ; Veins ; Water

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Standardization of Normal Pattern VEP.

Sook Young KIM ; Si Yeol KIM

Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society.1988;29(2):315-321.

Normal pattern VEP was measured to applicate its value in the comparison with abnormal pattern VEP findings of various ocular disease. Mean P1 latency time in 74 healthy subjects of 20 to 60 years old with uncorrected or corrected visual acuity better than 0.9 was 92.51 +/- 4.35 msec and mean amplitude was 11.58 +/- 3.45 micro V. There was no statistically significant difference between male and female iri latency time and amplitude. The latency time was delayed in the 6 th decades. The amplitude was largest in VEP stimulated with 13.1 X 10.6 min checksize, but the changes of latency in 60 min to 10 min check-size was not statistically signifiant. In the emetropic state, the amplitude was largest and visual acuity was correlated with the amplitude. In miotic eyes, the latency time was delayed and the amplitude was largest in physiologic pupil. The amplitude and latency was similar in the location of recording electorde at 2~4 cm above inion.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pupil ; Visual Acuity

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The Standardization of Visual Evoked Potential in Pigmented Rabbits.

Jae Yong BAE ; Si Yeol KIM

Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society.1988;29(2):309-314.

VEP is an objective method for the evaluation of macular function and optic nerve disease, but its large inter and intraindividual variation prevented clinical and experimental application. We recorded a relatively stable VEP A wave in pigmented rabbits with cortical electrode and following results were obtained. The amplitude of VEP A wave was 97.8 +/- 29.8 micro V and latent time was 52.2 +/- 6.9 msec. Inter- and intraindividual variation of VEP latent time was much smaller than that of VEP amplitude. So latent time of VEP A wave may be a good indicator in evaluation of pharmacologic and toxicologic experiment of systemically administered drug.
Electrodes ; Evoked Potentials, Visual* ; Optic Nerve Diseases ; Rabbits*

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