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Effects of Sexual Intercourse on Suicidal Behaviors among Adolescents in South Korea.

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2015;45(2):183-191. doi:10.4040/jkan.2015.45.2.183

PURPOSE: For the current article an examination was done as to whether engaging in sexual intercourse before or during adolescence has a negative impact on the suicidal behaviors of suicide ideation, suicide attempt, and suicide lethality and whether the impact varies according to the context of sexual intercourse and/or gender METHODS: Adolescents who experienced casual sex and romantic sex were compared to adolescents who retained their virginity. Data was from samples drawn from the three waves (2010~2012) of the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey. Logistic models were used to adjust for a wide array of confounding variables. RESULTS: Any type of sexual intercourse increases risk of all suicidal behaviors. Sexual intercourse in a romantic relationship exhibits enhanced risk of suicidal behaviors compared to casual sex. Adjusting for experience of sexual violence, however, decreases risk of romantic sex substantially, turning some estimates statistically insignificant. In addition, risks for suicide lethality are greater for girls than boys. CONCLUSION: Romantic sex put adolescents at higher risk for suicidal behaviors than casual sex owing to prevalent sexual violence in the relationships. Girls suffer more substantively adverse outcomes than boys. These results suggest that adolescents will benefit from comprehensive education on sexuality and sexual behaviors regarding how to form and maintain a romantic relationship that is characterized by personal integrity and mutual respect. It is also important to help victims of sexual violence recover from traumatic events by providing emotional support and effective counseling.
Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior/*psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Internet ; Male ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Sex Offenses ; Sexual Behavior/psychology ; Social Class ; *Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide, Attempted/*psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

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Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among School-aged Children in Korea: A Meta-Analysis.

Wan Ju PARK ; Shin Jeong PARK ; Sung Dong HWANG

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2015;45(2):169-182. doi:10.4040/jkan.2015.45.2.169

PURPOSE: This study was a meta-analysis designed to identify effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) interventions in alleviating main symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among school-aged children in Korea. METHODS: Examination of several databases including Research Information Sharing Service, Korean Studies Information Service System, Data Base Periodical Information Academic and hand-searched article references, resulted in identification of 1,298 studies done between 2000 and 2013 of which 21 met the inclusion criteria. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2.0 was used to analyze effect sizes, explore possible causes of heterogeneity, and check publication bias with a funnel plot and its trim-and-fill analysis. RESULTS: Overall effect size of CBT intervention was large (g=1.08) along with each outcome of self-control (g=1.26), lack of attention (g=1.02), social skills (g=0.92), and hyperactivity (g=0.92). For heterogeneity, moderator analysis was performed, but no significant differences were found between the RCT (Randomized Controlled Trials) group and the NRCT (Non RCT) group. Also, meta-regression was performed using sample size, number of sessions, and length of session as predictors, but no statistically significant moderators were found. Finally, a funnel plot along with trim-and-fill analysis was produced to check for publication bias, but no significant bias was detected. CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, there is clear evidence that CBT intervention has significant positive effects on the main symptoms of school-aged children suffering ADHD. Further research is needed to target diverse age groups with ADHD along with more RCT studies to improve the effectiveness of the CBT intervention.
Attention ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/*therapy ; Child ; *Cognitive Therapy ; Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Psychomotor Agitation ; Republic of Korea ; Self-Control/psychology ; Social Skills

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A Methodological Quality Assessment of South Korean Nursing Research using Structural Equation Modeling in South Korea.

Jung Hee KIM ; Sujin SHIN ; Jin Hwa PARK

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2015;45(2):159-168. doi:10.4040/jkan.2015.45.2.159

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the methodological quality of nursing studies using structural equation modeling in Korea. METHODS: Databases of KISS, DBPIA, and National Assembly Library up to March 2014 were searched using the MeSH terms 'nursing', 'structure', 'model'. A total of 152 studies were screened. After removal of duplicates and non-relevant titles, 61 papers were read in full. RESULTS: Of the sixty-one articles retrieved, 14 studies were published between 1992 and 2000, 27, between 2001 and 2010, and 20, between 2011 and March 2014. The methodological quality of the review examined varied considerably. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that more rigorous research is necessary to address theoretical identification, two indicator rule, distribution of sample, treatment of missing values, mediator effect, discriminant validity, convergent validity, post hoc model modification, equivalent models issues, and alternative models issues should be undergone. Further research with robust consistent methodological study designs from model identification to model respecification is needed to improve the validity of the research.
Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Nursing Research/*methods ; Publishing ; Republic of Korea

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Development and Analysis of the Effects of Caregiver Training Program on Aggressive Behavior in Elders with Cognitive Impairment.

Heeyoung OH ; Myung Haeng HUR ; Miran EOM

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2005;35(4):745-753. doi:10.4040/jkan.2005.35.4.745

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to 1) describe the type and frequency of aggressive behavior of cognitively impaired nursing home resident, 2) develop a caregiver training program on prevention and management of aggressive behavior, 3) examine the effects of caregiver training program on the incidence of aggressive behavior of cognitively impaired nursing home resident, and 4) examine the effects of caregiver training program on nursing staff's aggressive behavior management skills. METHODS: One-group, time series, quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and two post-tests was used. Data were collected from cognitively impaired home residents (N=32) and nursing staff (N=36) in a proprietary nursing home using Ryden Aggression Scale I, II, and Aggressive Behavior Management Scale. Data were entered and analyzed by descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: Incidence of aggressive behavior was high with a mean score of 3.09 (SD=3.11) at baseline. Caregiver training program was developed based on Progressively Lowered Stress Threshold (PLST) model and gerontological and psychiatric literature. The mean scores of aggressive behavior at baseline, Post I, and II did not differ significantly although the difference approached to the significant level (F=2.925, p=.066). Nursing staff's aggressive behavior management skills increased at Post I, and at Post II when compared to baseline, and the difference was significant (F=12.736, p=<.001). CONCLUSION: Caregiver training program showed potential impact on reduction of aggressive behavior in elders with cognitive impairment and was effective in increasing nursing staff's aggressive behavior management skills.
Nursing Staff/*education ; *Nursing Homes ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Korea ; *Inservice Training ; Humans ; Female ; Dementia/*nursing/psychology ; Cognition Disorders/*nursing/psychology ; Analysis of Variance ; *Aggression/psychology ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aged ; Adult

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A Meta-analysis of the Effect of Walking Exercise on Lower Limb Muscle Endurance, Whole Body Endurance and Upper Body Flexibility in Elders.

Kook Hee ROH ; Hyeoun Ae PARK

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013;43(4):536-546. doi:10.4040/jkan.2013.43.4.536

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether walking exercise improved physical function in elderly people using meta-analysis. METHODS: Medical and nursing literature databases were searched to identify the studies on the effectiveness of walking exercise on physical function. In the databases, there were 16 articles reporting 21 interventions. Overall effect sizes for three outcome variables, elders' physical function in lower limb muscle endurance, whole body endurance and upper body flexibility, were calculated. Effects of study characteristics on outcome variables were analyzed. RESULTS: The meta-analysis showed that walking exercise generally had positive effects on CST (chair stand test), 6MW (6 min walking), and SRT (standing or sitting reach test) with overall weighted effect sizes of 1.06, 0.41 and 0.29 respectively. This study also showed that the chronic disease status of the elders, intervention methods, and type of residence had different effects on CST, 6MW and SRT. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that walking exercise improves physical function in elders. Walking exercise which can be done at any time and any location is indeed a very effective exercise for elderly people.
Aged ; Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; *Muscle Strength ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Program Evaluation ; Range of Motion, Articular ; *Walking

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Clinical Nurses' Knowledge and Visual Differentiation Ability in Pressure Ulcer Classification System and Incontinence-associated Dermatitis.

Yun Jin LEE ; Seungmi PARK ; Jung Yoon KIM ; Chul Gyu KIM ; Sun Kyung CHA

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013;43(4):526-535. doi:10.4040/jkan.2013.43.4.526

PURPOSE: This study was done to compare clinical nurses' knowledge and visual differentiation diagnostic ability for the pressure ulcer classification system (PUCS) and incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD). METHODS: A convenience sample of 602 nurses took the pressure ulcer classification system and incontinence-associated dermatitis knowledge test (PUCS & IAD KT) and completed the visual differentiation tool (VDT), consisting of 21 photographs with clinical information. RESULTS: The overall mean score for correct answers was 14.5 (+/-3.2) in PUCS & IAD KT and 11.15 (+/-4.9) in PUCS & IAD VDT. Incorrect responses were most common for statements related to stage III, IAD for PUCS & IAD KT, and suspected deep tissue injury (SDTI), unstageable, and stage III for PUCS & IAD VDT. Significant correlations were found between PUCS & IAD KT and VDT (r=.48, p<.001). Factors affecting scores for PUCS & IAD VDT were PUCS & IAD KT, frequency of pressure ulcer, IAD management and participation in wound care education programs. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that nurses have an overall understanding of PUCS & IAD, but low visual differentiation ability regarding stage III, SDTI, and unstageable ulcers. Continuing education is needed to further improve knowledge and visual differentiation ability for PUCS & IAD.
Adult ; Dermatitis/*classification/complications/pathology ; Education, Continuing ; Educational Measurement ; Fecal Incontinence/complications ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Nurses/*psychology ; Pressure Ulcer/*classification/pathology ; Questionnaires ; Urinary Incontinence/complications

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Effects of Nurses' Social Capital on Turnover Intention: Focused on the Mediating Effects Organizational Commitment and Organizational Cynicism.

Jeongwon HAN ; Heeyoung WOO ; Eunsil JU ; Sohee LIM ; Sangsook HAN

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013;43(4):517-525. doi:10.4040/jkan.2013.43.4.517

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the casual relationship between nurses' social capital and turnover intention and to verify the goodness of fit between a hypothetical model and actual data in order to suggest the best model. METHODS: This survey was conducted with 315 nurses working in general hospitals in Seoul. Data were collected from December 1 to December 30, 2011, and analyzed using SPSS Windows 18.0 and AMOS 16.0. RESULTS: Nurses' social capital was found to have a direct effect on reducting organization cynicism and increasing organizational commitment. Nurses' organizational cynicism and organizational commitment were found to have a direct effect on turnover intention, but social capital did not have a direct effect on turnover intention. However, social capital had a partial and indirect effect on turnover intention through mediating organizational cynicism and organizational commitment. CONCLUSION: Results of this study indicate that nurse managers should put increased effort in reducing nurses' organizational cynicism and improving their organizational commitment, two contrary parameters. At the same time managers need to develop plans to establish social capital more efficiently so that nurses have lower turnover intention.
Adult ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Intention ; Nursing Staff, Hospital/economics/*psychology ; *Organizational Culture ; *Personnel Turnover ; Questionnaires

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Economic Evaluation of a Workplace Occupational Health Nursing Service: Based on Comparison with Atmospheric Environment Managing Engineer.

Hye Sun JUNG ; Bokim LEE

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013;43(4):507-516. doi:10.4040/jkan.2013.43.4.507

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to use cost-benefit analysis of activity to clarify the economic effect of prepared nurses versus atmospheric environment managing engineers as healthcare managers. METHODS: For the study 111 workplaces were surveyed, workplaces in which nurses or atmospheric environment managing engineers were employed as healthcare managers. The survey content included annual gross salaries, participation in external job training, costs in joining association covered by the company, location and year of construction of the healthcare office, various kinds of healthcare expenditures, costs in operating healthcare office, health education, and activity performance in the work of environment management. RESULTS: In the case of the healthcare manager being a nurse, benefit was larger than input costs at a ratio of 2.31. On the other hand, in the case of healthcare manager being an atmospheric environment managing engineer, input costs were larger than benefits (benefit-cost ratio 0.88). CONCLUSION: Results indicate that nurses are an effective healthcare human resource and can offer good quality healthcare service. Therefore companies should hire nurses and actively promote the economic efficiency of nurses in workplace.
Adult ; *Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Female ; Health Personnel/*economics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nurses/*economics ; Occupational Health Nursing/*economics/statistics & numerical data ; Retrospective Studies

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Effects of a Family Education Program for Families of Pathological Gamblers.

Jungah HONG ; Soo YANG

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013;43(4):497-506. doi:10.4040/jkan.2013.43.4.497

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine the intervention effects on the family of a family education program for pathological gamblers based on Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT). METHODS: A quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The participants were 44 families of pathological gamblers from G center in Gyung-gi Province and 5 Gam-Anon groups in Seoul City and Gyung-gi Province. The experimental group (n=22) attended the 6 weekly 2 hour-long CRAFT family education program. The control group (n=22) attended the 12-step program of Gam-Anon. Data were collected from November, 2011 to May, 2012. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significant decrease in depression (p=.001) and state anger (p=.039). There were no significant differences between groups in the level of interpersonal communication, trait anger, the mode of anger expression and self-esteem. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study suggest that the CRAFT family education program is effective in decreasing depression and state anger in families of pathological gamblers.
Adult ; Anger ; Depression ; Expressed Emotion ; Family/*psychology ; Female ; *Gambling ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Program Evaluation ; Self Concept

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Types of Child Rearing Behavior of Parents during Early Childhood: Q-Methodological Approach.

Sun Jung PARK ; Kyung Ah KANG ; Shin Jeong KIM

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013;43(4):486-496. doi:10.4040/jkan.2013.43.4.486

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the awareness of child rearing among parents of children in early childhood and to provide fundamental data for parent education programs according to child rearing type. METHODS: Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used. Forty Q items which were derived from a literature review and interviews with nurturing mothers were classified into a normal distribution using a 9-point scale. Collected data were analyzed using the QUANAL PC Program. RESULTS: Four types of parents' child rearing were identified. Type I was named 'affection-respect type', type II, 'concern-rule compliant type', type III, 'solicitude-model type', and type IV, 'geniality-encouragement type'. CONCLUSION: For proper growth and development during early childhood, parents should have rational information and awareness of their child rearing type. Results of this study can be used as essential data to develop child rearing education programs according to parents' child rearing attitude.
Adult ; Attitude ; Awareness ; Behavior ; Child ; *Child Rearing ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Parents/*psychology ; Q-Sort ; Questionnaires

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