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Assessment of Right Ventricular Structure and Function in Pulmonary Hypertension.

Julia GRAPSA ; David DAWSON ; Petros NIHOYANNOPOULOS

Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound.2011;19(3):115-125. doi:10.4250/jcu.2011.19.3.115

Right ventricular function plays an important role in determining cardiac symptoms and exercise capacity in chronic heart failure. It is known that right ventricle has complex anatomy and physiology. The purpose of this review paper is to demonstrate the best assessment of the right ventricle with current echocardiography. Echocardiography can assess sufficiently right ventricular structure and function and also suggest prognosis in pulmonary hypertension patients, especially with the use of modern imaging techniques. Finally, the new imaging modality of real time three dimensional echocardiography is interchangeable to cardiac magnetic resonance in reproducibility and accuracy.
Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional ; Heart Failure ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Prognosis ; Ventricular Function, Right

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Future Applications of Contrast Ultrasound.

Kevin WEI

Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound.2011;19(3):107-114. doi:10.4250/jcu.2011.19.3.107

Contrast agents are currently used during echocardiography for enhancement of structure and function, as well as for perfusion imaging. The next frontiers in contrast ultrasonography are targeted imaging, and using microbubbles for therapeutic purposes. Targeted imaging is the detection of specific components of cardiovascular disease in vivo, with microbubbles which may non-specifically attach to diseased endothelial cells, or with microbubbles which have been specifically designed to detect a pathologic process. Therapeutic applications of contrast ultrasonography include the use of microbubbles to enhance delivery of agents (like drugs, genes, growth factors, etc.) to the endothelium or perivascular cells. This review will discuss differences in contrast agents used for current applications versus targeted imaging, technical considerations required to achieve site-specific imaging, and potential applications of this technology. The potential for contrast ultrasonography to enhance drug and gene delivery to tissue will also be discussed.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Contrast Media ; Echocardiography ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Microbubbles ; Molecular Imaging ; Perfusion Imaging

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A Rare Cause of ST-Segment Elevation.

Kye Taek AHN ; Jae Hyeong PARK ; Jae Hwan LEE ; Si Wan CHOI ; Jin Ok JEONG ; In Whan SEONG

Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound.2008;16(3):105-106. doi:10.4250/jcu.2008.16.3.105

No abstract available.

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ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction Secondary to Native Aortic Valve Thrombus.

Do Hoi KIM

Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound.2008;16(3):102-104. doi:10.4250/jcu.2008.16.3.102

Native aortic valve thrombosis is a very rare condition. We report a case of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction secondary to native aortic valve thrombus in a 61-year-old woman who presented with acute chest pain. The patient had no previous precipitating factors. The patient was treated with a thrombolytic agent and subsequently recovered. On a follow-up echocardiogram, the thrombus of aortic valve disappeared.
Aortic Valve ; Chest Pain ; Embolism ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; Precipitating Factors ; Thrombosis

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Papillary Fibroelastoma of Pulmonary Valve Mimicking Infective Endocarditis.

Hyun Ju YOON ; Soo Hyun KIM ; Sook Hee CHO ; Kye Hun KIM ; Younggeun AHN ; Myung Ho JEONG ; Jung Gwan CHO ; Jong Chun PARK ; Jung Chaee KANG

Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound.2008;16(3):99-101. doi:10.4250/jcu.2008.16.3.99

In this report, we describe a case of previous undiagnosed masses of the pulmonary valve mimicking infective endocarditis that were incidentally found during the work-up of a 62-year-old woman, who was presented with abdominal discomfort and dyspepsia. The pathologic findings were characteristics of a papillary fibroelastoma. Although benign, papillary fibroelastomas have the potential to cause lethal embolic events such as stroke, myocardial infarction, and pulmonary embolism are reported in some cases. Tumor identification and surgical excision are important to prevent such complications.
Dyspepsia ; Endocarditis ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; Pulmonary Embolism ; Pulmonary Valve ; Stroke

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A Case of Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Combined Acute Myocardial Infarction with Multiple Coronary Thrombosis.

Kyung Tae JUNG ; Soon Chang PARK ; Yoo Jung CHOI ; Sang LEE ; Kyung Jin LEE ; Jung Hee KIM ; Hyun Soo YOON

Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound.2008;16(3):96-98. doi:10.4250/jcu.2008.16.3.96

We report a case of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy combined with acute myocardial infarction and multiple coronary thrombosis. The patient presented with signs and symptoms of acute myocardial infarction, showing ST elevation in the lateral leads and ST depression in anterior chest leads on initial electrocardiogram. The coronary angiogram on admission, multiple thrombosis of distal left anterior descending artery, left circumflex, diagonal and obtuse marginal arteries were found. The present case shows that apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can be combined with acute myocardial infarction and multiple coronary thrombosis.
Arteries ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; Coronary Thrombosis ; Depression ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; Thorax ; Thrombosis

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Spontaneous Perforation of Sinus of Valsalva without Associated Aortic Pathology.

Min Kyung KANG ; Bong Ryong CHOI ; Young Hoon JEONG ; Jong Woo KIM ; Choong Hwan KWAK ; Myeong Gi SEO ; Yeon Jeong AHN ; Jung Hyun CHO ; Kyung Nyeo JEON ; Jin Yong HWANG

Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound.2008;16(3):93-95. doi:10.4250/jcu.2008.16.3.93

The spontaneous perforation of sinus of Valsalva without congenital anomaly such as aneurysm and trauma has not been reported. We report a 66-year-old female presenting with ST elevation myocardial infarction due to compressing the proximal part of right coronary artery by hematoma attributed to spontaneous perforation of sinus of Vaslava. The patient was stabilized after surgical primary repair.
Aged ; Aneurysm ; Coronary Vessels ; Female ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; Sinus of Valsalva

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A Case with Patent Ductus Arteriosus Complicated by Pulmonary Artery Endarteritis.

Kyu Nam CHOI ; Tae Hyun YANG ; Bong Soo PARK ; Hae Jung JUN ; Soo Jung UM ; Sang Hoon SEOL ; Seong Man KIM ; Dae Kyeong KIM ; Doo Il KIM ; Dong Soo KIM

Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound.2008;16(3):90-92. doi:10.4250/jcu.2008.16.3.90

Infective endarteritis in the pulmonary artery is unusual. However, congenital heart disease such as patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) could be a predisposing factor of infective endarteritis. We report a patient with PDA complicated by infective endarteritis and large pulmonary artery vegetation. After three weeks of antibiotic treatment, the patient underwent surgical closure of the PDA and removal of the vegetation.
Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Endarteritis ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Pulmonary Artery

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Congenital Double-Orifice Mitral Valve with Mitral Valve Prolapse and Severe Mitral Regurgitation.

Jeong Woo LEE ; Jong Min SONG ; Jong Pil PARK ; Duk Hyun KANG ; Jae Kwan SONG

Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound.2008;16(3):87-89. doi:10.4250/jcu.2008.16.3.87

A 27 year-old female presented with dyspnea on exertion, and was diagnosed using transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography as congenital double-orifice mitral valve and mitral valve prolapse resulting in severe mitral regurgitation. This finding was confirmed by open heart surgery, and her mitral valve was successfully repaired with lateral commissural repair and ring annuloplasty using da Vinci system. We report this case with review of literature.
Dyspnea ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Female ; Humans ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Mitral Valve Prolapse ; Thoracic Surgery

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Left Atrial Mural Endocarditis Diagnosed by Transesophageal Echocardiography in a Patient with Mitral Valve Prolapse.

Ji Yong CHOI ; Kee Sik KIM

Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound.2008;16(3):84-86. doi:10.4250/jcu.2008.16.3.84

Infective endocarditis (IE) is one of the major complications of the mitral valve prolapse (MVP) syndrome and usually involves mitral valve (MV) and its accessory apparatus. Left atrial (LA) mural endocarditis is a condition of rarely diagnosed and the most feasible mechanism is related to the impact of regurgitant jet that causes endothelial damage and retrograde microorganisms dissemination. Echocardiography is essential in diagnosis and treatment of IE but in mural endocarditis, it may be difficult to find vegetation by standard view of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). We report a case of LA mural endocarditis which was diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in a patient with MVP.
Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Transesophageal ; Endocarditis ; Humans ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Prolapse

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