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The Effect of Uterine Environment during Peri-implantation Period on theUltrastructure of Zona Pellucida in Mouse Oocytes and Embryos.

Sungwon HAN ; Ho Sam CHUNG ; Hee Gyoo KANG ; Ho Joon LEE ; Myung Chan GYE ; Sung Rye KIM ; Moon Kyoo KIM

Korean Journal of Fertility and Sterility.1999;26(3):345-354.

In the studies on the hatching mechanisms in mammals, many investigators focused on the embryonic intrinsic factor(s) in in vitro culture, but the uterine environment as the extrinsic factor(s) is thought to play an important role in hatching mechanism. Therefore, to evaluate the effect of uterine environment on the hatching event in vivo, the immature(GV) and ovulated(MII) oocytes, and the late 2-cell embryos of mouse were transferred to pseudopregnant foster mother's uterus during peri-implantation period. So it was verified whether there would happen hatching by only uterine environment independently on embryonic stage. The ultrastructural changes of the zona surface of transferred group were compared with those of in vivo and vitro group by SEM. 36 hrs after transfer, the immature and ovulated oocytes almost degenerated, and the late 2-cell embryos developed to various embryonic stages. However, the embryos which didn't develop to blastula stage did not hatch. The ultrastructural network of ZP in transferred group seemed to be smoothed uniformly, which was different from in vitro group. In conclusion, it is suggested that the uterine environment during peri-implantation period enhances the embryo hatching by provoking the structural change of ZP.
Animals ; Blastula ; Embryonic Structures* ; Herpes Zoster* ; Humans ; Mammals ; Mice* ; Oocytes* ; Research Personnel ; Uterus ; Zona Pellucida*

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Incidence of Microbial Growth from the Tip of the Embryo Transfer Catheterafter Embryo Transfer in Relation to Clinical Pregnancy Rate following In-vitroFertilization and Embryo Transfer.

Kyoung Jin LEE ; Sang Wook BAI ; Jeong Yeon KIM ; Jin Young KIM ; Byung Seok LEE ; Ki Hyun PARK ; Dong Jae CHO ; Chan Ho SONG

Korean Journal of Fertility and Sterility.1999;26(3):339-344.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate incidence of microbial growth from the tip of the embryo transfer catheter after embryo transfer in relation to clinical pregnancy rate following in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. METHOD: This study was performed prospectively at the time of transcervical embryo transfer following conventional in-vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedures. Sixty three patients were enrolled in this study. Microbiological cultures were performed on endocervical swabs and embryo transfer catheter tips. RESULTS: Positive microbial growths were observed from endocervical swabs in 45 (71.4%) women and from catheter tips in 30 (47.6%) women. There was no statistically significant difference seen in the mean number of oocytes fertilized or number and grade of embryos transferred between the group of patients without growth and the group of patients with positive microbial growth from catheter tips. The clinical pregnancy rate were 30.3% in the group of patients without growth and 13.3% in the group with positive microbial growth from catheter tips. This difference in clinical pregnancy rates was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Our finding is that microbial contamination at embryo transfer may influence implantation rates. The major questions arising from our finding are whether eradication of endocervical micro-organisms is possible and whether their eradication will improve implantation rates.
Catheters ; Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Fertilization ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Oocytes ; Pregnancy Rate* ; Pregnancy* ; Prospective Studies ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic

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Pregnancy following IVF-ET in an immunologic infertility women.

Myung Geol PANG ; Sun Kyung OH ; Seok Hyun KIM ; Chang Jae SHIN ; Jung Gu KIM ; Shin Yong MOON ; Jin Yong LEE ; Yoon Seok CHANG

Korean Journal of Fertility and Sterility.1992;19(2):189-192.

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Infertility* ; Pregnancy*

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The activity of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) of uterine myoma after treatment with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue.

Byung Seok LEE ; Bo Yeon LEE ; Ki Hyun PARK ; Dong Jae CHO ; Kook LEE ; Chan Ho SONG ; Ho Keun KIM

Korean Journal of Fertility and Sterility.1992;19(2):175-179.

No abstract available.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Gonadotropins* ; Leiomyoma*

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Cryopreservation of human immature follicular oocytes.

Eun Kyung KIM ; Weon Young SON ; Hee June CHI ; Jung Jae KO ; Tae Ki YOON ; Kwang Yul CHA

Korean Journal of Fertility and Sterility.1992;19(2):163-168.

No abstract available.
Cryopreservation* ; Humans* ; Oocytes*

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Assessment of fertilizing capacity of human spertmatozoa using cryopreservated Hamster oocytes.

Myung Geol PANG ; Ku Min CHUNG ; Seok Hyun KIM ; Chang Jae SHIN ; Jung Gu KIM ; Shin Yong MOON ; Jin Yong LEE ; Yoon Seok CHANG

Korean Journal of Fertility and Sterility.1992;19(2):153-162.

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cricetinae* ; Humans* ; Oocytes*

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Can Endometriosis Affect the Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing IVF-ET?.

Byeong Jun JUNG ; Hyun Jin SONG ; Ik Hwan OH

Korean Journal of Fertility and Sterility.2002;29(3):223-227.

No abstract available.
Endometriosis* ; Female ; Humans

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Polymorphisms of 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR C677T and A1298C) Gene in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion.

Nam Keun KIM ; Yoon Sung NAM ; Suman LEE ; Sun Hee KIM ; Seung Joo SHIN ; Sung Woon CHANG ; Se Hyun KIM ; Kwang Yul CHA ; Doyeun OH

Korean Journal of Fertility and Sterility.2002;29(3):215-222.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have suggested that hyperhomocysteinemia and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T) mutations are associated with increased risk of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). Recently, a second site polymorphism in MTHFR, 1298A-->C, which changes a glutamic acid into an alanine residue, was shown to be associated with a decreased enzyme activity. We tested whether the variant alleles of MTHFR C677T and A1298C are risk factor (biomarker) for RSA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed DNA from a case-control study in the Korean DNA was extracted from blood samples of 118 patients with RSA and 123 healthy fertile patients as the controls. MTHFR variant alleles were determined by a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. RESULTS: We found no evidence for an association between 677TT genotype and risk of RSA (OR=1.95, 95% CI=0.84~4.50, p=0.12). However, the MTHFR 1298AC (OR=0.36, 95% CI=0.20~ 0.63, p=0.0004) and 1298AC+CC (OR=0.35, 95% CI=0.20~0.61, p=0.0002) genotypes were lower among 118 RSA cases compared with 123 controls, conferring a 2.8-fold decrease in risk of RSA, respectively. Moreover, the combined genotypes of MTHFR 677CC/1298AC (OR=0.30, 95% CI= 0.10~0.88, p=0.029) and 677CT/1298AC (OR=0.77, 95% CI=0.60~0.99, p=0.043) also showed significantly lower risk than those with MTHFR 677CC/1298AA type. CONCLUSION: MTHFR 1298AC, MTHFR 677CC/1298AC and 677CT/1298AC genotypes may represent genetic markers for the protection of RSA at least in Korean women.
Abortion, Spontaneous* ; Alanine ; Alleles ; Case-Control Studies ; DNA ; Female ; Genetic Markers ; Genotype ; Glutamic Acid ; Humans ; Hyperhomocysteinemia ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; Oxidoreductases* ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors ; Vascular Diseases

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Clinical Consideration of Obese Infertile Women.

Yoon Sung NAM ; Chang Jin JEONG ; Nam Keun KIM ; Tae Ki YOON ; Kwang Yul CHA

Korean Journal of Fertility and Sterility.2002;29(3):209-214.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics of obese infertile women. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Height, weight, body mass index, menstrual pattern, glucose, insulin, glucose / insulin ratio, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), testosterone, free testosterone and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) of 15 obese infertile women were tested. RESULTS: Of 15 obese infertile women, the number of diabetes mellitus, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance was 2 (13%), 2 (13%), 2 (13%), respectively. The incidence of increased DHEA-S, testosterone, and free testosterone was 7 (47%), 1 (7%), 6 (40%), respectively. Notably, all patients showed increased PAI-1. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is associated with infertility as well as many kinds of health problems. Obesity is closely related to insulin resistance and it also causes hyperandrogenism. Increased PAI-1 is one of the important causes of thrombophilia. Consequently, in the workup of obese infertile patient, many aspects of health problems should be considered.
Body Weight ; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hyperandrogenism ; Hyperinsulinism ; Incidence ; Infertility ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Obesity ; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ; Plasminogen Activators ; Testosterone ; Thrombophilia

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In vitro Fertilization and Embryo Development in Simple Media of the Frozen-Thawed Cumulus-free Mouse Oocytes Cryopreserved by Vitrification.

Soo Kyung JUNG ; Sung Kun KIM ; Jung Jae LEE ; Ji Hyun OH ; Yong Ho LEE ; Sun Haeng KIM

Korean Journal of Fertility and Sterility.2002;29(3):201-208.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the capability of fertilization and embryo development including blastocyst formation of the oocytes in simple media after thawing of the cryopreserved cumulus-free mouse oocytes by vitrification method. METHODS: Oocytes were collected from 5 to 6 weeks old ICR female mice, and were denuded from the cumulus cells by 0.1% hyaluronidase. Recovered mature oocytes in study group were cryopreserved by vitrification method using EM grid for 5~7 days. In brief, oocytes were exposed in dPBS containing 1.5 M EG and 5.5 M EG+1 M sucrose for 2.5 minutes and 20 seconds each, and then executed vitrification by plunging in LN2 after loading on EM grid. Thawing treated by exposure of 1, 0.5, 0.25 and 0.125 M sucrose solution for 2.5 minutes each in order and used for experiments. Spermatozoa aspirated form the epididymis of 12 weeks old ICR male mice were used for insemination after capacitation. T6 media containing 0.4% BSA were used for fertilization and development. RESULTS: Survival and fertilization rates after thawing were 76.9% and 79.6% respectively. Fertilization rate was lower (p<0.005) than that of control group (92.9%). There was no difference in embryo developmental rates from 2-cell to morula, however, the blastocyst formation rate and mean cell numbers of blastocysts in study group (63.3%, 58.9+/-9.2) were lower compared with those of control group (76.1%, 63.5+/-8.9). CONCLUSION: Vitrification is an effective method for mouse mature oocyte cryopreservation with high survival and fertilization rate after thawing. And in simple media, fertilization rates and embryo development of frozen-thawed mouse oocytes are satisfactory.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Cell Count ; Cryopreservation ; Cumulus Cells ; Embryonic Development* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Epididymis ; Female ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Humans ; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase ; Insemination ; Male ; Mice* ; Morula ; Oocytes* ; Pregnancy ; Spermatozoa ; Sucrose ; Vitrification*

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