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Characterization and clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells from equine umbilical cord blood.

Jun Gu KANG ; Sang Bum PARK ; Min Soo SEO ; Hyung Sik KIM ; Joon Seok CHAE ; Kyung Sun KANG

Journal of Veterinary Science.2013;14(3):367-371. doi:10.4142/jvs.2013.14.3.367

Tendinitis of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) is a significant cause of lameness in horses; however, recent studies have shown that stem cells could be useful in veterinary regenerative medicine. Therefore, we isolated and characterized equine umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (eUCB-MSCs) from equine umbilical cord blood obtained from thoroughbred mares during the foaling period. Horses that had tendinitis of the SDFT were treated with eUCB-MSCs to confirm the therapeutic effect. After eUCB-MSCs transplantation, the core lesion in the SDFT was found to decrease. These results suggest that transplantation using eUCB-MSCs could be another source of cell treatment.
Animals ; *Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation/veterinary ; Horse Diseases/*surgery ; Horses ; Male ; Tendinopathy/surgery/*veterinary

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Emergence of virulent pseudorabies virus infection in Northern China.

Rui WU ; Chaoyong BAI ; Jinzhong SUN ; Shengke CHANG ; Xuke ZHANG

Journal of Veterinary Science.2013;14(3):363-365. doi:10.4142/jvs.2013.14.3.363

Our investigation was conducted in order to verify a recent severe epidemic at several swine farms in northern China that indicated a newly emerging disease. Evidence confirmed that the epidemic was caused by a virulent Pseudorabies virus infection in swine herds.
Animals ; China/epidemiology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary ; Epidemics/*veterinary ; Herpesvirus 1, Suid/classification/*isolation & purification/*pathogenicity ; Pseudorabies/*epidemiology/mortality/pathology/virology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/veterinary ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/*epidemiology/mortality/pathology/virology ; Vaccination/adverse effects/veterinary ; Virulence

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Evaluation of changes in left ventricular myocardial function observed in canine myocardial dysfunction model using a two-dimensional tissue tracking technique.

Lina HAMABE ; Ryuji FUKUSHIMA ; Keisuke KAWAMURA ; Yusuke SHINODA ; Hsu HUAI-CHE ; Shuji SUZUKI ; Derya AYTEMIZ ; Toshiroh IWASAKI ; Ryou TANAKA

Journal of Veterinary Science.2013;14(3):355-362. doi:10.4142/jvs.2013.14.3.355

This study was conducted to assess the ability of two-dimensional tissue tracking (2DTT) to evaluate changes in left ventricular (LV) myocardial function associated with sustained high electrical pacing. Pacemakers were implanted at the right ventricular (RV) apex of five female Beagles, and sustained high electrical pacing of 250 beats per minute (bpm) was performed for three consecutive weeks. Conventional echocardiography and 2DTT were performed at baseline, and at every week for three weeks with pacing. The baseline parameters were then compared to those of weeks 1, 2, and 3. Three weeks of pacing resulted in significant reduction of radial and circumferential global strains (p < 0.001). Regional analysis revealed reduction of segmental strains in both radial and circumferential directions, as well as increased dyssynchrony after three weeks of pacing in the radial direction (p = 0.0007). The results of this study revealed the ability of 2DTT to measure radial and circumferential strains in dogs with sustained high-electrical pacing, and allowed assessment of global and regional myocardial function and the degree of dyssynchrony.
Animals ; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial ; Dogs ; Echocardiography/*methods ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Heart Ventricles/*ultrasonography ; *Ventricular Function, Left

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Black rice anthocyanidins prevent retinal photochemical damage via involvement of the AP-1/NF-kappaB/Caspase-1 pathway in Sprague-Dawley Rats.

Hao JIA ; Wei CHEN ; Xiaoping YU ; Xiuhua WU ; Shuai LI ; Hong LIU ; Jiru LIAO ; Weihua LIU ; Mantian MI ; Longjian LIU ; Daomei CHENG

Journal of Veterinary Science.2013;14(3):345-353. doi:10.4142/jvs.2013.14.3.345

The effects of black rice anthocyanidins (BRACs) on retinal damage induced by photochemical stress are not well known. In the present study, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed AIN-93M for 1 week, after which 80 rats were randomly divided into two groups and treated with (n = 40) or without BRACs (n = 40) for 15 days, respectively. After treatment, both groups were exposed to fluorescent light (3,000 +/- 200 lux; 25degrees C), and the protective effect of dietary BRACs were evaluated afterwards. Our results showed that dietary BRACs effectively prevented retinal photochemical damage and inhibited the retinal cells apoptosis induced by fluorescent light (p < 0.05). Moreover, dietary BRACs inhibited expression of AP-1 (c-fos/c-jun subunits), up-regulated NF-kappaB (p65) expression and phosphorylation of IkappaB-alpha, and decreased Caspase-1 expression (p < 0.05). These results suggest that BRACs improve retinal damage produced by photochemical stress in rats via AP-1/NF-kappaB/Caspase-1 apoptotic mechanisms.
Animal Feed/analysis ; Animals ; Anthocyanins/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Antioxidants/administration & dosage/*physiology ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 1/*genetics/metabolism ; Diet ; Dietary Supplements/analysis ; I-kappa B Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/*genetics/metabolism ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Oryza sativa/chemistry ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retinal Diseases/etiology/*prevention & control ; Signal Transduction/*drug effects/radiation effects ; Transcription Factor AP-1/*genetics/metabolism

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Evaluation of bone healing in canine tibial defects filled with cortical autograft, commercial-DBM, calf fetal DBM, omentum and omentum-calf fetal DBM.

Amin BIGHAM-SADEGH ; Iraj KARIMI ; Mahsa ALEBOUYE ; Zahra SHAFIE-SARVESTANI ; Ahmad ORYAN

Journal of Veterinary Science.2013;14(3):337-343. doi:10.4142/jvs.2013.14.3.337

The present study was conducted to compare the effects of xenogenic bovine fetal demineralized bone matrix (DBM), commercial DBM, omentum, omentum-calf fetal DBM, cortical autograft and xenogenic cartilage powder on the healing of tibial defects in a dog model to determine the best material for bone healing. Seven male adult mongrel dogs, weighing 26.2 +/- 2.5 kg, were used in this study. Seven holes with a diameter of 4-mm were created and then filled with several biomaterials. Radiographs were taken postoperatively on day 1 and weeks 2, 4, 6, 8. The operated tibias were removed on the 56th postoperative day and histopathologically evaluated. On postoperative days 14, 42 and 56, the lesions of the control group were significantly inferior to those in the other group (p < 0.05). On the 28th postoperative day, the autograft group was significantly superior to the control and omentum groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, calf fetal DBM was significantly superior to the control group. There was no significant difference between the histopathological sections of all groups. Overall, the omentum and omentum-DBM groups were superior to the control group, but inferior to the autograft, commercial-DBM, calf fetal DBM and calf fetal cartilage groups.
Animals ; Autografts/*transplantation ; Biocompatible Materials/*therapeutic use ; *Bone Regeneration ; Cattle ; Dogs ; Male ; Omentum/*transplantation ; *Wound Healing

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Some observations on the adaptation of Eimeria tenella (local isolates) sporozoites on chicken embryos through chorioallantoic membrane.

M Abdul HAFEEZ ; Masood AKHTAR ; M Mazhar AYAZ

Journal of Veterinary Science.2006;7(1):59-61. doi:10.4142/jvs.2006.7.1.59

Eimeria (E.) tenella (local isolate) sporozoites were adapted on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of 10-12 days chicken embryos and completed its life cycle in 6~7 days at 39 degrees C and 70 per cent humidity. Only 23 embryos (4.6%) were found dead from 1~4 day post inoculation of sporozoites with mild lesions on CAM with no gametocytes but few sporozoites in chorioallantoic fluid (CAF). On 5~7 day post inoculation, 432 embryos (86.4%) were found dead with severe haemorrhages on CAM and CAF contained uncountable number of gametocytes. After seven days post inoculation, 45 embryos (9%) were found to be alive. Some oocysts were also detected in the CAF on 6~7 days post inoculation. In the histological sections of the CAM, there were abundant small dark colored rounded bodies of gametes; distributed extensively in tissues of CAM on 5~7 days post inoculation of sporozoites. In some cases, cluster of small mature and immature relatively large bodies were seen in increasing numbers on 5~6 days post inoculation.
Animals ; Chick Embryo ; *Chickens ; Chorioallantoic Membrane/*parasitology ; Coccidiosis/parasitology/*veterinary ; Eimeria tenella/*growth&development ; Histocytochemistry ; Poultry Diseases/*parasitology

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Isolation and characterization of Streptococcus sp. from diseased flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in Jeju Island.

Gun Wook BAECK ; Ji Hyung KIM ; Dennis Kaw GOMEZ ; Se Chang PARK

Journal of Veterinary Science.2006;7(1):53-58. doi:10.4142/jvs.2006.7.1.53

Streptococcus sp. is gram-positive coccus that causes streptococcal infections in fish due to intensification of aquaculture and caused significant economic losses in fish farm industry. A streptococcal infection occurred from cultured diseased olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in May, 2005 at a fish farm in Jeju Island, Korea. The diseased flounder exhibited bilateral exophthalmic eyes and rotten gills; water temperature was 16~18oC when samples were collected. Of the 22 fish samples collected, 3 samples were identified as Lactococcus garvieae and 18 samples were identified as Streptococcus parauberis by culture-based, biochemical test. Serological methods such as slide agglutination, hemolysis and antimicrobial susceptibility test were also used as well as multiplex PCRbased method to simultaneously detect and confirm the pathogens involved in the infection. S. parauberis and L. garvieae have a target region of 700 and 1100 bp., respectively. One fish sample was not identified because of the difference in the different biochemical and serological tests and was negative in PCR assay. In the present study, it showed that S. parauberis was the dominant species that caused streptococcosis in the cultured diseased flounder.
Agglutination Tests/veterinary ; Animals ; Aquaculture ; DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/genetics ; Fish Diseases/*microbiology ; *Flounder ; Hemolysis ; Korea ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests/veterinary ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary ; Streptococcal Infections/microbiology/*veterinary ; Streptococcus/genetics/*isolation&purification

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Concurrent response to challenge infection with Cryptosporidium parvum in immunosuppressed C57BL/6N mice.

Chan Gu SURL ; Hyeon Cheol KIM

Journal of Veterinary Science.2006;7(1):47-51. doi:10.4142/jvs.2006.7.1.47

We investigated the response to challenge infection with Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in immunosuppressed C57BL/6N mice. In the primary infection, fecal oocyst shedding and parasite colonization were greater in immunosuppressed mice than in nonimmunosuppressed mice. Compared with primary infection, challenge infection with C. parvum didn't show any oocyst shedding and parasite colonization. Especially, oocyst shedding and parasite colonization from the mice infected with heatkilled oocysts were not detected. After challenge infection with C. parvum oocysts, however, these mice were shedding small numbers of oocysts and parasite colonization. Except normal control and uninfected groups, the antibody titers of other groups appear similar. Based on the fecal oocyst shedding, parasite colonization of ilea, and antibody titers in the mice, these results suggest that the resistance to challenge infection with C. parvum in immunosuppressed C57BL/6N mice has increased.
Animals ; Antibodies, Protozoan/blood ; Cryptosporidiosis/*immunology/*parasitology ; Cryptosporidium parvum/*immunology ; Dexamethasone/immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Feces/parasitology ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Histocytochemistry ; Ileum/parasitology ; Immunocompromised Host ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Oocysts/immunology ; Random Allocation

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Passive immunization using purified IgYs against infectious bursal disease of chickens in Pakistan.

Muhammad Wasif MALIK ; Najma AYUB ; Irfan Zia QURESHI

Journal of Veterinary Science.2006;7(1):43-46. doi:10.4142/jvs.2006.7.1.43

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute and highly contagious disease of young chickens caused by Birnavirus. Mortality of infected birds can be best prevented if injected with antibodies. The present study was an attempt to raise specific hyper-immune polyclonal antibodies against IBD virus in Pakistan. Commercial layers divided into four groups were injected with IBD vaccine subcutaneously according to four different treatment regimens. Eggs were collected daily and antibodies were purified from yolk with dextran sulphate. Titers of antibodies in serum and yolk were evaluated with enzyme linked immunosorbant assay and agar gel precipitation test. Antibody titers were significantly higher in yolk than serum. Eggs collected at 28 days post-vaccination had maximum antibody titers. Of treatment regimens, T3 was found to be most effective for hyperimmunization. Lyophilized antibodies stored at 4oC did not lose their activity till the end of experiment. IBD virus infected birds were injected with purified antibodies which induced 92% recovery as compared to control birds. The study implicates that the purified antibodies may be useful as a therapeutic agent to cure IBD infected birds.
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Birnaviridae Infections/immunology/*therapy/*veterinary/virology ; *Chickens ; Egg Yolk/immunology/virology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary ; Female ; Immunization/methods/*veterinary ; Immunoglobulins/*immunology ; Immunotherapy/methods/veterinary ; Infectious bursal disease virus/*immunology ; Poultry Diseases/immunology/*therapy/*virology ; Precipitin Tests/veterinary ; Viral Vaccines/*immunology/therapeutic use

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Analysis of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis isolated from human and chickens by repetitive sequence-PCR fingerprinting, antibiotic resistance and plasmid profiles.

Dong Kyun SUH ; Jae Chan SONG

Journal of Veterinary Science.2006;7(1):37-41. doi:10.4142/jvs.2006.7.1.37

A total of 22 Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) strains isolated from human and chicken were subjected to DNA fingerprinting by repetitive sequence PCR using ERIC and BOX primers, antibiotic resistance and plasmid patterns. Both ERIC and BOX PCR amplification data revealed a highly genetic homogeneity between isolates from human and chicken except one isolate, which originated from chicken and showed a different DNA band pattern from others. Eleven of 22 S. Enteritidis isolates (50%) were resistant to more than one antibiotics and characterized by 5 resistance patterns. The most common pattern was penicillin resistant (63.6%). Only one isolate from chicken showed a multiple drug resistance patterns to 4 antibiotics. All 22 S. Enteritidis isolates harbored more than two plasmids with eight different plasmid profiles including two to six plasmids with approximate molecular size ranging from 1.9 to 21 kb. A band of 15 kb size was detected in all isolates tested, however, the band sizes smaller than 15 kb were found only in isolates from chicken.
Animals ; *Chickens ; China/epidemiology ; DNA Fingerprinting/veterinary ; DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/genetics ; Disease Outbreaks/*veterinary ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests/veterinary ; Microsatellite Repeats/genetics ; Plasmids/chemistry/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary ; Poultry Diseases/epidemiology/*microbiology ; Salmonella Food Poisoning/epidemiology/*microbiology ; Salmonella enteritidis/drug effects/*genetics/isolation&purification

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