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The Effect of Glutathione on High Dose Cisplatin-Induced Cellular Toxicity in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines.

Seoung Il LEE ; Gwi Beom BOO ; Dai Yong JANG ; Ki Young CHUNG ; Jeoung Gyun SEO ; Byeong Lai LEE ; Jong Hoon CHUNG

Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2002;52(5):463-474. doi:10.4046/trd.2002.52.5.463

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to examine how glutathione, one of the nucleophilic sulfur compounds, effects the cisplatin cellular toxicity in the non-small cell lung cancer cell lines and normal lung epithel ial cell line. METHODS: Three cultured cell lines, the lung adenocarcinoma cell(NCL-H23), the lung squamous carcinoma cell (SK-MES-1) and the normal lung epithelial cell(L-132) line were exposed to various concentrations of cisplation with or without glutathione. The relative viability was estimated as a means of measuring the cisplatin cellular toxicity using the MTT method. RESULTS: In NCL-23, the response to cisplatin was sensitive but glutathione markedly increased the relative survival of the tumor cells by removing the antitumor effect of cisplatin. In both SK-MES-1 and L-132, the responses to cisplatin were less sensitive, and the chemoprotective effect of glutathione compared to an equal cisplatin dose was signigicantly higher in L-132 than in SK-MES-1(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The protective effects of glutathione on cisplatin-induced cellular toxicity is more signigicant in normal lung epithelial cells than in squamous carcinoma cells.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Line* ; Cells, Cultured ; Cisplatin ; Epithelial Cells ; Glutathione* ; Lung ; Sulfur Compounds

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The Relationship Between Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases(MMPs)-2, 9 and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, 2 and Survival Time in Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Hak Ryul KIM ; Sei Hoon YANG ; Eun Taik JEONG

Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2002;52(5):453-462. doi:10.4046/trd.2002.52.5.453

BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of proteolytic enzymes, which are in volved in the degradation of many different components of the extracellular matrix. There is increasing evidence indicating that individual MMPs have important roles in tumor invasion and metastasis. A tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMPs) has been reported to inhibit tumor invasion by inactivating the MMPs. In this study, the correlation between MMPs and TIMPs expression, and the clinical outcome was investigated. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining of MMP-2,9 and TIMP-1,2 were performed on paraffin-embedded tumor sections from 74 resected primary non-small cell lung cancers. RESULTS: In 74 patients, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 immunoreactivity was demonstrated in 24 (34%), 19(26%), 27(36%) and 32(43%) of the paraffin-embedded tumors, respectively. The median survival of the MMP-2 positive cases was significantly shorter than that of the negative cases(20 vs 34 months). The median survival of the TIMP-2 positive cases was also was significantly longer than that of negative case (34 vs 18 months). The MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression level had a positively correlation with a more advanced stage and lymph node metastasis. There was inverse correlation between TIMP-2 expression and tumor invasion. The median survival of the MMP-2 negative/TIMP-2 positive cases was higher than that of the other cases. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis are closely related to MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. There was an inverse correlation between TIMP-2 MMP-9 expression, and tumor invasion.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Extracellular Matrix ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymph Nodes ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2

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The Immunohistochemical Analysis for the Expression of Survivin, HSP, and Bcl-2 in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma.

Hyun Ju HONG ; Seok Gyun HONG ; Kye Young LEE ; Woo Ho KIM ; Choon Taek LEE ; Chul Gyu YOO ; Sung Koo HAN ; Young Soo SHIM ; Young Whan KIM

Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2002;52(5):441-452. doi:10.4046/trd.2002.52.5.441

BACKGROUND: Anti-apoptotic proteins may be involved in tumor development, progression and the response to treatment. Bcl-2 is by far the most studied anti-apoptotic protein. A novel infibitor of apoptosis, designat ed survivin, and the heat shock proteins (HSPs) have recently been found in many human cancers. Immunohistochemical methods were used to determine the expression level of survivin, HSP 70 and bcl-2 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to evaluate their clinical significance. METHODS: Tissue array slides were obtained from 99 surgically resected NSCLCs. Immunohistochemical staining was performed by an immuno-peroxidase technique using an avidin-biotinylated horseradish peroxidase complex. Anti-survivin rabbit polyclonal antibodies, anti-HSP70 mouse monoclonal antibodies and anti-bcl-2 mouse monoclonal antibodies were used as the primary antibodies. RESULTS: Positive ataining of survivin was detected in 33.3% of the cases. Survivin positivity is associated with to females and recurrence. A nonstatistically significant trend toward increased survivin expression was observed in non-smokers, and its expression inversely correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked in smokers. HSP70 was detected in 84.8% but this did not correlate with the clinicopathologic characteristics. Bcl-2 was detected in 18.2% and its and its expression correlated to tumor recurrence. No significant difference in the median survival time was noted in a comparison of al cases with survivin expression and those without. There was no association betwwen HSP70 or bcl-2 expression and survival. CONCLUSIONS: Survivin expression was significantly associated with females and tumor recurrence. In addition its expression was inversely associated with the number of cigarettes smoked. However, HSP70 and bcl-2 expression were not associated with the clinical parameters or survival. This suggests that measuring the survivin levels may be useful in identifying patients at high risk for disease recurrence. Therefore, survivin might be a new diagnostic/therapeutic target in cancer.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Female ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; Horseradish Peroxidase ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung* ; Mice ; Recurrence ; Smoke ; Tobacco Products

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Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery for Pulmonary Endometriosis: Report of 1 Case.

Seong Joon CHO ; Se Min RHYU ; Woo Jin KIM ; Seung Joon LEE ; Yeon Soo KIM

Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2006;60(5):576-580. doi:10.4046/trd.2006.60.5.576

Pulmonary endometriosis is an uncommon disease, and usually detected by catamenial hemoptysis. Treatment of pulmonary endometriosis may be medical(hormone therapy) or surgical. Since hormone therapy may cause sterility, most of patients who wish to conceive usually choose surgical resection. Although video-assisted thoracic surgery(VATS) has advantage of small scar, reducing postoperative pain and shortening hospital stay, it is not easy to locate the precise lesion and resect whole endometrial tissue not to be remained. 17 years old female with catamenial hemoptysis was treated sucessfully with a partial resection of the lung using VATS, and has been asymptomatic for 7months since the operation.
Adolescent ; Cicatrix ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Infertility ; Length of Stay ; Lung ; Pain, Postoperative ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted*

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Mycobacterium avium Infection Presenting as Endobronchial Lesions in an Immunocompetent Patient.

Jae Hee LEE ; Kyung Sik SON ; Ji Hyun PARK ; Jun Chol KIM ; Hyun Woo LEE ; Chang Ho KIM

Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2006;60(5):571-575. doi:10.4046/trd.2006.60.5.571

Mycobacterium avium has been traditionally described as an opportunistic organism that causes disseminated disease in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients and acts as a pulmonary pathogen in patients with underlying lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or previously treated tuberculosis. Infections caused by M. avium in immunocompetent hosts usually manifest as 2 distinct subtypes, the upper lobe cavitary form and the nodular bronchiectatic form. However endobronchial lesions due to M. avium infections in immunocompetent host are reasonably rare, and there are no reports of this condition in Korea. We report here a case of endobronchial lesions involved in an M. avium infection in an immunocompetent 21 year-old female patient with no preexisting lung disease.
Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung Diseases ; Mycobacterium avium* ; Mycobacterium* ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Tuberculosis ; Young Adult

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A Case of Cavitary Lung Lesion as a Consequence of Smoke Inhalation Injury.

Hyun Won SHIN ; Cheol Hong KIM ; Kwang Seok EOM ; Yong Bum PARK ; Seung Hun JANG ; Dong Gyu KIM ; Myung Goo LEE ; In Gyu HYUN ; Ki Suck JUNG ; Eil Seong LEE

Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2006;60(5):564-570. doi:10.4046/trd.2006.60.5.564

Toxic gases and soot deposition as a consequence of smoke inhalation can cause direct injury to the upper and lower airways and even to the lung parenchyma. A delay in proper and prompt therapy can be detrimental to critically ill burn patients with an inhalation injury. Therefore, serial chest radiography is an important diagnostic tool for pulmonary complications during treatment. The radiographic findings of the chest include normal, consolidation, interstitial and alveolar infiltrates, peribronchial thickening, atelectasis, cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and a pneumothorax as acute complications of smoke inhalation. In addition, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis obliterans and pulmonary fibrosis can occur as late complications. We encountered a case of 44-year-old male who presented with acute lung injury after an inhalation injury. He required endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation due to respiratory failure. He was managed successfully with conservative treatment. Later, a cavitary lesion of the left upper lobe was observed on the chest radiography and computed tomography, which was complicated by massive hemoptysis during the follow-up. However, the cavitary lesion disappeared spontaneously without any clinical consequences.
Acute Lung Injury ; Adult ; Bronchiectasis ; Bronchiolitis Obliterans ; Burns ; Critical Illness ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gases ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Lung* ; Male ; Pneumothorax ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Pulmonary Edema ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; Radiography ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Smoke Inhalation Injury* ; Smoke* ; Soot ; Thorax

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The Effects of Air-borne Particulate Matters on the Alveolar Macrophages for the TNF-alpha and IL-1beta Secretion.

Tian Zhu LI ; Soo Jin LEE ; Se Jong PARK ; Byung Joon CHANG ; Jong Hwan LEE ; Kil Soo KIM ; Myoung Heon LEE ; Nong Hoon CHOE

Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2006;60(5):554-563. doi:10.4046/trd.2006.60.5.554

BACKGROUND: PM is known to induce various pulmonary diseases, including asthma, cancer, fibrosis and chronic bronchitis. Despite the epidemiological evidence the pathogenesis of PM-related pulmonary diseases is unclear. METHODS: This study examined the effects of PM exposure on the secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in the cultured alveolar macrophages. The cultured primary alveolar macrophages were treated with the medium, PM (5~20 microgram/cm2), LPS (5ng/ml), and PM with LPS for 24h and 48h respectively. ELISA was used to assay the secreted TNF-alpha and IL-beta in the culture medium. Western blotting was used to identify and determine the level of proteins isolated from the culture cells. The cells cultured in the Lab-Tek(R) chamber slides were stained with immunocytochemical stains. RESULTS: PM induced TNF-alpha and IL-1beta secretion in the culturing alveolar macrophages, collected from the SPF and inflammatory rats. However, the effects were only dose-dependent in the inflammatory macrophages. When the cells were co-treated with PM and LPS, there was a significant synergistic effect compared with the LPS in the both cell types. CONCLUSION: PM might be play an important role in the induction and/or potentiation of various lung diseases by oversecretion of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta.
Animals ; Asthma ; Blotting, Western ; Bronchitis, Chronic ; Coloring Agents ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fibrosis ; Lung Diseases ; Macrophages ; Macrophages, Alveolar* ; Rats ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha*

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The Clinical Manifestations of Patients with Severe Alcoholic Ketoacidosis Treated at a Medical Intensive Care Unit.

Kwang Ha LEE ; Sae Hwan LEE ; Yeon Mok OH ; Tae Sun SHIM ; Chae Man LIM ; Sang Do LEE ; Yoonsuck KOH ; Woo Sung KIM ; Dong Soon KIM ; Won Dong KIM ; Sang Bum HONG

Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2006;60(5):548-553. doi:10.4046/trd.2006.60.5.548

BACKGROUND: Alcoholic ketoacidosis(AKA) is a metabolic disturbance that is caused by prolonged and excessive alcohol consumption. Though the prognosis is reportedly good, its outcome is unclear in some cases that are combined with multi-organ failure. There are few reports of an analysis of cases admitted to an intensive care unit(ICU) METHOD: Cases of AKA admitted to the ICU over the last 5 years were retrospectively analyzed. Severe AKA was characterized by multi-organ failure that required treatment in an ICU RESULTS: All patients were males with a history of excessive alcohol consumption. Five of them (50%) mainly complained of gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), showing metabolic acidosis with an increased asmolar and anion gap. Rhabdomyolysis with acute renal failure was the most common combined organ failure. Mechanical ventilation was performed in 80%. Six patients died and 4 patients survived. In the surviving patients, the arterial blood gas analysis(ABGA) was normalized within 12 hours after admission. CONCLUSION: In severe AKA patients, rhabdomyolysis with acute renal failure was the most common complication. The mortality rate was high and death from shock occurred within 3 days.
Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Acidosis ; Acute Kidney Injury ; Alcohol Drinking ; Alcoholics* ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units* ; Critical Care* ; Ketosis* ; Male ; Mortality ; Prognosis ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhabdomyolysis ; Shock ; Vomiting

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The Prognostic Role of B-type Natriuretic Peptide in Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism.

Su Jin LEE ; Jae Hyung LEE ; Ji Young PARK ; Woo Sung JO ; Ji Eun KIM ; Ki Uk KIM ; Hye Kyung PARK ; Yun Seong KIM ; Min Ki LEE ; Soon Kew PARK

Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2006;60(5):540-547. doi:10.4046/trd.2006.60.5.540

BACKGROUND: Vital stability and right side heart failure are major prognostic factors of acute pulmonary thromboembolism. While it is important to recognize right side heart failure, it is often difficult in real practice. Recently, several studies have described early diagnostic tools for detecting right side heart failure including echocardiography and biochemical markers. This study, we evaluated the prognostic role of the B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in an acute pulmonary thromboembolism. METHODS: Thirty-four patients with a diagnosis of acute pulmonary thromboembolism were enrolled in the study. The BNP levels were measured and echocardiography was performed at the Emergency Department. Data on the prognostic factors including ventilatory support, vital stability, pulmonary artery pressure, degree of tricuspid valve regurgitation, complications and death was collected from the patients' medical records. The patients with an acute pulmonary thromboembolism were divided into two groups based on the vital stability and the BNP level and the cutoff values and prognostic factors of the two groups were compared. RESULTS: The predictors of the vital stability that influence the prognosis of patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism were the BNP level, ventilatory support and death. The plasma BNP levels showed a strong correlation with the vital stability, ventilatory support, thrombolytic therapy and death. When the BNP cutoff level was set to 377.5 pg/dl in a ROC curve, the sensitivity and the specificity for differentiating between the groups with stable or unstable vital signs was 100% and 90%, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that a measurement of the plasma BNP levels may be a useful prognostic marker in patients with an acute pulmonary thrombo-embolism.
Biomarkers ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain* ; Plasma ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Embolism* ; ROC Curve ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency ; Vital Signs

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Clinical and Bronchoscopic Features in Endobronchial Tuberculosis.

Jin Young AN ; Jang Eun LEE ; Hyung Wook PARK ; Jeong Hwa LEE ; Seung Ah YANG ; Sung Soo JUNG ; Ju Ock KIM ; Sun Young KIM

Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2006;60(5):532-539. doi:10.4046/trd.2006.60.5.532

BACKGROUND: The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis has been reducing, but endobronchial tuberculosis continues to be a signigicant heath problem. We performed prospectively bronchoscopy in patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis in order to evaluate the frequency of endobronchial tuberculosis and its related findings. Follow-up bronchoscopy was also performed after treatment to evaluate the incidence of endobronchial complications such as stenosis and remaining lesions. METHODS: From January , 1999 to December, 2003, bronchoscopy was performed on patients newly diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. RESULTS: 458 patients were enrolled in this study, out of 699 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis from 1999 to 2003. 234(51%) had endobronchial tuberculosis. The frequency was 40.3% in males and 66.3% in females, The most common symptom was nonspecific cough and sputum, and the main radiologiy finding was patchy infiltration. The most common subtype of endobronchial tuberculosis was the edema-hyperemic form. The right lung was involved more frequently than the left, and the left upper lobe was the most commonly involved site. 58 patients underwent follow-up bronchoscopy and most of been cured without major sequels. However, 8 patients had a stenosis of trachea and main bronchus, and 6 patients had still had endobronchial lesions. Therefore the treatment was prolonged for 3 months. CONCLUSION: Endobronchial tuberculosis of pulmonary tuberculosis has been remained of high incidence. bronchoscopic and follow-up bronchoscopy examination needs to evaluate the incidence of endobronchial tuberculosis and its related findings and major complication despite of treatment.
Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Cough ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lung ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Sputum ; Trachea ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

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