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Korean Journal of Aerospace and Environmental Medicine.2006;16(1):9-14.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the prevalence of tinnitus and relationship between tinnitus and hearing disturbance of workers with noise-induced hearing loss. METHODS: One hundred thirty three workers with noise-induced hearing loss responded to a self-admiministered questionaire concerning tinnitus, present symptoms and past medical history. Also pure tone audiometry, tympanometry and otoscopic examination was done. RESULTS: The prevalence of tinnitus was 54.14%. There were no significant difference in the prevalence of tinnitus according to age, symptoms (fatigue, sleep disturbance and dizziness), duration of noise exposure, wearing of ear protector, and duration of self-reported hearing difficulty. However, the location of more serious tinnitus was significantly associated with subjective hearing disturbance. CONCLUSION: In hearing conservation program of workers with noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus management has to be considered as an essential part of the program.
Acoustic Impedance Tests ; Audiometry ; Ear ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced* ; Noise ; Prevalence ; Tinnitus*

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Self-reported Cabin Environment and Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) among Female Flight Attendants on Long-haul International Flights.

Hyeon Kyeong LEE

Korean Journal of Aerospace and Environmental Medicine.2006;16(1):2-8.

Physical environmental factors have been found to increase the risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in a variety of occupations. To date little is known about the influence of physical environmental factors in the cabin of an airplane on WMSDs among flight attendants. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-reported physical environment factors in the cabin and WMSDs in the neck, shoulder, upper back, and lower back among U.S. female flight attendants on long-haul international flights. A cross-sectional mailed survey was conducted with 185 female fight attendants working on long-haul international flights. The physical environment measure included 12 items regarding cabin-air quality, noise, lighting, and whole-body vibration. WMSDs were measured by the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Symptom Survey. The percentage of flight attendants who had WMSDs for each body region varied from 31% to 54%. The majority (>80%) of the flight attendants often or always experienced low humidity, stuffy air, and little air movement while working in the cabin. Being frequently exposed to unfavorable cabin environmental factors increased the risk of neck (OR=2.89), shoulder (OR=2.96), and upper-back WMSDs (OR=2.14). Cabin environmental factors should be taken into account when examining the risk factors for WMSDs.
Air Movements ; Aircraft ; Body Regions ; Female* ; Humans ; Humidity ; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) ; Neck ; Noise ; Occupations ; Postal Service ; Risk Factors ; Shoulder ; Vibration ; Surveys and Questionnaires

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Relationship between Body Weight and Pulmonary Function in Pilots from a Airlines: The Comparison of Data from 1996 with 2002.

Young Dong SHIN ; Hwan Suk JUNG ; Kyung Chae KIM ; Ju Na LEE ; Noh Won PARK ; Won Keun LEE ; Je LEE ; Heon Kil LIM ; Jeong Hyun KIM

Korean Journal of Aerospace and Environmental Medicine.2003;13(3):136-143.

BACKGROUND: Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and other disorders. Several studies have shown that excess weight or weight gain was related to the decline of pulmonary function. This study is to find out whether pilot's age, height, body weight, body mass index(BMI) and smoking are related to the baseline measurement of pulmonary function in order to promote the healthy behavior of pilots. METHOD: The analysis was based on data from the annual physical examination of pilots which was conducted in one airlines company of Korea. This study compared the data obtained from 73 pilots in 1996 with the data in 2002. Pulmonary function(forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and maximal mid expiratory flow (MMEF), peak expiratory flow (PEF)), age, height, body weight and body mass index were measured in both surveys. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to examine the relationship weight gain, smoking and pulmonary function. RESULTS: According to the data from 2002, mean age, mean height, mean body weight and mean BMI of pilots were examined: 47.62 years, 171.60 cm, 70.6 Kg and 24.03 Kg/m(2). Age was significantly related to FVC, FEV1 and MMEF. Height was significantly related to FVC and FEV1. However, body weight was significantly related to PEF and MMEF. The effect of smoking on pulmonary function was not significant. Pilots who gained body weight and BMI after 7 years were not related significantly to the pulmonary function. CONCLUSION: This study shows that age, height, weight are significantly related to pulmonary function. And other studies show that weight gain is significantly related to the decline of pulmonary function, but the relationship from this study is not significant because the number of sample is not enough and healthy behaviors of most pilots are relatively well.
Body Height ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight* ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Hypertension ; Korea ; Multivariate Analysis ; Obesity ; Physical Examination ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Vital Capacity ; Weight Gain

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Difference of Hypoxia Tolerance with Reference to Sex.

Jae Moon CHOI ; Chan Kwon JUNG ; Tae Hyung MIN ; Won Keun LEE

Korean Journal of Aerospace and Environmental Medicine.2003;13(3):131-135.

BACKGROUND: Time of useful consciousness is related with various factors including smoking, age, sex, drug, and temperature. It is still unclear whether acute hypoxia tolerance is different between male and female. METHOD: We included 32 healthy students (male, n=16; female, n=16) volunteered to participate in this study. The blood hemoglobin concentration was measured at a day before flight. With high altitude rapid decompression flight training chamber, flight to simulated altitude of 25,000 ft was performed after nitrogen extraction breath. At 25,000 ft, heart rate and arterial O2 saturation (SaO2) were measured by using pulse oximeter after taking off oxygen mask. We compared the duration from mask-off to the time at 60% SaO2 between male and female and correlated the time at 60% SaO2 with hemoglobin concentration. RESULTS: The duration from mask-off to SaO2 reaching 60% were significantly longer in the male group. There was a linear relationship between hemoglobin concentration and time at 60% SaO2. CONCLUSION: Acute hypoxia tolerance differs from the two sexes and the difference of hemoglobin concentration is one of possible causative factors of this difference.
Altitude ; Anoxia* ; Consciousness ; Decompression ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Male ; Masks ; Nitrogen ; Oxygen ; Smoke ; Smoking

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The Effect on Age, Body Weight, Height, Body Mass Index and Smoking to Coagulation Factor VII, VIII and Fibrinogen in Pilots.

Hwan Suk JUNG ; Young Dong SHIN ; Seung Ho BACK ; Jae Bum JO ; Noh Won PARK ; Won Keun LEE ; Je LEE ; Heon Kil LIM ; Jeong Hyun KIM

Korean Journal of Aerospace and Environmental Medicine.2003;13(3):125-130.

BACKGROUND: The pilots with cardiovascular events have a possibility for a risk of suffering from sudden incapacitation which is closely related to flying safety. The coagulation factors such as fibrinogen, factor VII, and factor VIII are possibly related to cardiovascular events. Several studies for general population have shown that an increase of those coagulation factors with age, a correlation of Factor VII and fibrinogen with BMI, and of fibrinogen with smoking. However, this study is to find out whether pilots' age, body weight, body mass index (BMI) and smoking are related to the baseline measurement of coagulation factor VII, factor VIII and fibrinogen. METHOD: Samples were taken from 21 pilots from Asiana Airlines: 11 smokers and 10 non-smokers. In order to measure the relationship between age, body weight, BMI, and the coagulation factors, Pearson correlation was used in this analysis. Independent two sampled t-test was used to analyze the correlation between smoking and the coagulation factors. RESULTS: Mean age, mean height, mean body weight and mean BMI of pilots were examined: 38 years, 171.81 cm, 70.67 Kg and 23.94 Kg/m(2). Mean fibrinogen, mean factor VII, and mean factor VIII were also obtained: 236.0 mg/dl, 92.93%, and 60.16%. The coagulation factor VII, factor VIII and fibrinogen were not significant related to age, body weight, BMI, smoking of pilots. CONCLUSION: This study has no correlation between age, body weight, BMI, smoking and the coagulation factors because the age of this study does not have pilots with over 60 years old and healthy behaviors (e.g., exercise, smoking, drinking, etc.) of most pilots are relatively well.
Blood Coagulation Factors* ; Body Height* ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight* ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Diptera ; Drinking ; Factor VII* ; Factor VIII ; Fibrinogen* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Smoke* ; Smoking*

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Therapeutic Exercise for Nervous System in a Commercial Aircrew Members.

Hyun KWAK ; Jin Han CHO ; Sangyeoup LEE

Korean Journal of Aerospace and Environmental Medicine.2003;13(3):119-124.

No abstract available.
Nervous System*

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Evaluation of Various Rapid Immunochromatographic Assays Performed on Aircrews.

Jongyoun YI

Korean Journal of Aerospace and Environmental Medicine.2008;18(1):19-22.

BACKGROUND: Aviators are tested for the antigens and antibodies of hepatitis viruses or tumor markers when they visit the Aerospace Medical Center (AMC) for regular checkups. Although various enzyme immunoassay (EIA) or chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) are currently the standard quantitative methods and are widely used, the clinical laboratory of AMC is currently using the rapid qualitative immunochromatographic assays (ICA) for these tests due to the lack of necessary equipment and high cost. The aim of our study was to evaluate the rapid ICAs in comparison with standard methods. METHODS: With the cooperation of the Department of Laboratory Medicine in Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH) where the standard methods (CLIA) had been used, serum specimens of SNUBH patients were collected and provided for AMC together with the results of six test items. The six items were HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HCV, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The test results of these specimens by rapid ICAs were compared with those by the SNUBH methods. RESULTS: When the SNUBH methods were regarded as a standard, sensitivity/specificity of each rapid ICA was HBsAg 95.1%/100%, anti-HBs 90.6%/92.6%, anti-HCV 97.5%/ 100%, AFP 75%/100%, PSA 66%/100%, and CEA 47.7%/100%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The rapid ICA methods used at the AMC generally showed high specificity but low sensitivity which meant that the overall accuracy may be unsatisfactory. These ICAs were unsuitable for accurate confirmative diagnosis due to low negative predictive values. For several items whose sensitivities are particularly low, they could not be used as screening tests. If immunoassays are to be helpful for an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to equip the AMC with an EIA or CLIA instrument.
alpha-Fetoproteins ; Antibodies ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis Viruses ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Immunochromatography ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Luminescence ; Mass Screening ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Biomarkers, Tumor

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A Study of Accident Prevention through Controlled Flight into Terrain Accident.

Soon Cheol BYEON

Korean Journal of Aerospace and Environmental Medicine.2008;18(1):9-18.

The purpose of this study was to make landmark efforts to prevent the major causes of commercial-aviation fatalities on controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) in approach-and-landing accidents. Major analysis for controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) of Guam accident, Mokpo accident and Gimhae accident in commercial transport-aircraft accidents from 1993 through 2002 was made. CFIT occurs when an airworthy aircraft under the control of the flight crew is flown unintentionally into terrain, obstacles or water, usually with no prior awareness by the crew. This type of accident can occur during most phases of flight, but CFIT is more common during the approach-and-landing phase. Key prevention for CFIT accident was education and training for flying crew and to upgrade for equipment such as EGPWS, and the need for more research by professional organizations of airlines.
Accident Prevention ; Aircraft ; Diptera ; Guam ; Societies ; Water

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International Aeromedical Evacuation.

You Hern AHN

Korean Journal of Aerospace and Environmental Medicine.2008;18(1):1-8.

No abstract available.

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Chemical Peeling and Laser Resurfacing .

Sung Won WHANG ; Seung hun LEE

Korean Journal of Aerospace and Environmental Medicine.2001;11(1):49-53.

The chemical peeling is the process that involves the application of one or more exfoliating agents to the skin, resulting in the destruction of portions of the epidermis and/or dermis with subsequent regeneration. These techniques produce a controlled wound with instant vascular coagulation resulting in skin rejuvenenation with reduction or disappearance of actinic keratoses and changes, pigmentary dyschromias, rhytides, and selected superficial depressed scar. We herein introduce brief skin resurfacing techniques, indications, effectiveness, side effects of chemical peeling, dermabrasion, laser resurfacing.
Cicatrix ; Dermabrasion ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Keratosis, Actinic ; Regeneration ; Skin ; Wounds and Injuries

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