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Complement and Integrative Approach in Gut Health and Immunologic Disease.

Hanyang Medical Reviews.2010;30(2):109-114. doi:10.7599/hmr.2010.30.2.109

The intestine is an organ involved with absorbing, processing, and transporting food into the body. However, if one were to assess the immunological portion of the intestine and compare it with better-known immunologically functioning organs such as the spleen, the intestine would be found to be the largest such organ and the extent of its immunologic function would be found to be equally proportionate. The mucosal surface of the intestine has the ability to respond to effector cells capable of protecting the host from potentially harmful organisms or local antigens. When there is increased intestinal permeability (Leaky gut syndrome), pathogenic bacteria and its products, toxins, antigens, chemicals and incompletely digested food penetrate the intestinal epithelium and are transported throughout the body. They activate the immune system and effect the pathophysiology of acute and chronic inflammatory disease and autoimmune disease. Therefore, by a better understanding of the importance of gut barrier function and the pathophysiology of gut related immunologic disease, we can make helpful suggestions for achieving optimal intestinal health.
Autoimmune Diseases ; Bacteria ; Complement System Proteins ; Immune System ; Immune System Diseases ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Intestines ; Permeability ; Spleen

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Nutritional Approach for Integrative Medicine.

Han Jin OH

Hanyang Medical Reviews.2010;30(2):103-108. doi:10.7599/hmr.2010.30.2.103

Nutrition is essential for our health. Various foods we take everyday are essential to live. Nutrients interact within and between all relevant biological, social and environmental systems. Because of the lack of evidence we don't realize that nutritional problems are critical. But, nutrition is a very critical for treatment and prevention of diseases. So, there is huge interest in the area of nutrition and health, including nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics. Especially, the importance of micro-nutrients is revealed in many aspects of health, especially in chronic diseases. Diabetes Mellitus is an example. Depletion and unbalanced micro-nutrients can create very severe illnesses, so an integrative approach on nutrition is very important.
Chronic Disease ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Integrative Medicine ; Nutrigenomics

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Evidence Based Acupuncture.

Kyu Hyun PARK ; Tae Woo YOO

Hanyang Medical Reviews.2010;30(2):91-102. doi:10.7599/hmr.2010.30.2.91

Acupuncture is an important portion of Complimentary and Alternative Medicine and has been applied widely, but understanding of acupuncture is not complete, a steady progress has been made in recent years with modernized techniques. The controversies of acupuncture should be defined through scientific evidence. There are a lot of problems for application of acupuncture in practice and research, such as, in the diagnosis, therapy and evaluation of acupuncture. We need standardized tools and scientific methods for diagnosis and treatment. It is an essential key to refine the effect of acupuncture and to prove the mechanisms. We should have basic concepts of acupuncture and apply it objectively for promotion of health and prevention of illness and treatment of disease as mentioned in Medical Acupuncture. Korean Hand Acupuncture Therapy (KHT) has many advantages for this purpose. It was found and developed in 1971 and since has been widely used in the world. KHT is easy to learn and to practice without side effect. The important concept of health in KHT is defined as the harmonized state of cerebral circulation which consists of anterior and posterior circulation. Disease and dysfunction result from imbalance of the anterior and posterior circulation. We present the basic concept of KHT and some studies to prove the mechanism of acupuncture using thermograph, transcranial Doppler and fMRI. We need a standard research protocol of acupuncture. KHT can be a good candidate for this purpose. KHT fulfills the requirements such as role, theory, diagnosis, treatment and evaluation and study.
Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Complementary Therapies ; Hand ; Health Promotion ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Mind-body Medicine in Integrative Medicine.

Youngsoo JIN

Hanyang Medical Reviews.2010;30(2):84-90. doi:10.7599/hmr.2010.30.2.84

Mind-body medicine (MBM) is a field of medicine concerned with the ways that the mind and emotions influence the body and physical health. It may be more accurate to think of mind/body as a single entity, with the health of one part necessarily influencing that of the other. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) defines MBM techniques (MBT) as interventions that use a variety of techniques designed to facilitate the mind's capacity to affect bodily functions and symptoms. MBT offers patients with greater control in their treatment, cheaper alternatives, effective options for managing chronic conditions, and methods for maintaining wellness. Mind-body approaches include guided imagery, meditation, hypnosis, and movement therapies such as dance, tai chi, chi gong, and yoga as well as music and chanting. Such approaches are as old as traditional oriental healing systems and as widespread as seen in Chinese, Indian, and East Asians. Modern Western medicine is now beginning to give MBTs recognition in its importance as well as efficacy. This article reviews the medical literatures on the techniques that have been studied the most: relaxation therapy, meditation, hypnosis, cognitive-behavioral therapy guided imagery, and biofeedback.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Biofeedback, Psychology ; Humans ; Hypnosis ; Imagery (Psychotherapy) ; Integrative Medicine ; Meditation ; Mind-Body Therapies ; Music ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Relaxation Therapy ; Singing ; Tai Ji ; Yoga

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The Roll of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Integrative Medicine.

Sung Jae LEE

Hanyang Medical Reviews.2010;30(2):75-83. doi:10.7599/hmr.2010.30.2.75

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a diagnosis, treatment and prevention which complements mainstream medicine by contributing to a common whole, satisfying a demand met by orthodox medicine. One of the most widely used classification structures, developed by National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, divides CAM modalities into five categories: 1) Alternative medical systems, 2) Biologically based treatments, 3) Mind-body interventions, 4) Manipulative and body-based methods, 5) Energy therapies. But the effectiveness of the most CAM is not proven scientifically. The Federation of State Medical Boards developed model guidelines for the use of CAM in medical practice. The guidelines focus on encouraging the medical community to adopt consistent standards, ensuring the public health and safety by facilitating the proper and effective use of both conventional and CAM treatments. The integration of scientifically proven CAM into orthodox medicine is growing up and important in medicine. This kind of medicine is called "integrative medicine", which is a new paradigm in medicine.
Complement System Proteins ; Complementary Therapies ; Integrative Medicine ; Public Health

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Recent trend of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) management.

Seung Wook LEE

Hanyang Medical Reviews.2017;37(1):40-46. doi:10.7599/hmr.2017.37.1.40

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common condition. However, many of the traditional therapies like monotherapy used in clinical practice fail to show efficacy. There is no one particular treatment to be recommended as monotherapy for CP/CPPS. The new concept of treatment which is ‘UPOINT’ is introduced. The major barrier in treating men with CP/CPPS is the heterogenous nature of this syndrome. In order to treat appropriately, the patient should be evaluated individually to assess the nature of symptoms. To evaluate patients with chronic urologic pelvic pain, a six-point clinical phenotyping system has been developed. The clinical domains are urinary symptoms, psychosocial dysfunction, organ specific findings, infection, neurologic/systemic, and tenderness of muscles, which produces the acronym ‘UPOINT’. This clinical phenotyping system may provide a useful and clinically relevant framework for multimodal therapy for the treatment of CP/CPPS. However, the concept of UPOINT needs randomization, placebo or sham control studies to show verified treatment.
Humans ; Male ; Muscles ; Pelvic Pain* ; Prostatitis ; Random Allocation

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Overview of symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of various acquired polyneuropathies.

Hyun Jung YU ; Seong Ho KOH

Hanyang Medical Reviews.2017;37(1):34-39. doi:10.7599/hmr.2017.37.1.34

Polyneuropathy includes a lot of diseases damaging peripheral nerves. It shows roughly the same areas on both sides of the body, featuring weakness, numbness, and burning pain. Polyneuropathy is known to usually begin in the hands and feet and progress to the arms and legs. Sometimes it can involve other parts of the body such as the autonomic nervous system. Lots of causes can induce acute or chronic polyneuropathy, so finding the original cause is most important for the treatment of polyneuropathy. There are too many different types of polyneuropathies to be discussed in this review, so we will discuss some of various acquired polyneuropathies such as diabetic neuropathy, vasculitic neuropathy, alcoholic neuropathy, Vitamin B12 deficiency neuropathy, and drug-induced neuropathy, with special focus on symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
Alcoholic Neuropathy ; Arm ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Burns ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; Diagnosis* ; Foot ; Hand ; Hypesthesia ; Leg ; Peripheral Nerves ; Polyneuropathies* ; Prognosis* ; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

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Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Sung Hoon YU

Hanyang Medical Reviews.2017;37(1):30-33. doi:10.7599/hmr.2017.37.1.30

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a frequent medical problem during pregnancy. It is associated with an increased risk of complications for GDM mother and the offspring. There is increasing evidence that GDM may increase the risk of future type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in mothers, and may also increase the risk of obesity and diabetes in children. Therefore GDM affects health for a lifetime. The International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) proposed a new screening approach for pre-diagnosed diabetes at the first prenatal visit and diagnostic criteria for GDM in accordance with perinatal outcomes. Nonetheless, controversies still exist about these issues. There is a positive linear association between increasing maternal glucose at oral glucose tolerance testing and risk of important perinatal outcomes. In managing the GDM patients, an individualized medical approach is essential. If maternal glucose levels have increased, insulin can be used to achieve glycemic targets. Postpartum screening for diagnosing of diabetes is essential for women with previous GDM.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Child ; Diabetes, Gestational* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Glucose ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Insulin ; Mass Screening ; Mothers ; Obesity ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy

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Cutting Edge Technologies in Otology Field.

Jae Ho CHUNG ; Seung Hwan LEE

Hanyang Medical Reviews.2017;37(1):25-29. doi:10.7599/hmr.2017.37.1.25

The development of science and technology leads to the development of medicine. With the development of information technologies, artificial intelligence and wearable devices, the future medical environment will change greatly. Various sciences and technology are applied in medical practice. The development of optical technology has enabled less invasive ear surgery with an endoscope, and virtual reality technology can be used for surgical training and education. Otology research tries to adapt artificial intelligence, which have rapidly developed a remarkable topic. Herein, cutting edge technologies and their appliance in the otology field were reviewed.
Artificial Intelligence ; Ear ; Education ; Endoscopes ; Otolaryngology*

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The role of PI3K/AKT pathway and its therapeutic possibility in Alzheimer's disease.

Hyun Jung YU ; Seong Ho KOH

Hanyang Medical Reviews.2017;37(1):18-24. doi:10.7599/hmr.2017.37.1.18

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Although uncountable clinical trials have been done to develop the treatment of AD, there are a couple of drugs that can be used only for symptomatic treatment. Therefore, many studies based on the amyloid cascade hypothesis and the tauopathy hypothesis are still ongoing. After the failure of numerous huge Phase III clinical trials, arguments on those hypotheses have arisen and efforts to establish other possible therapeutic strategies based on diverse plausible mechanisms associated with AD have been done as well. One of the new therapeutic targets for AD is the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway. In this review, questions on the two hypotheses, the definition of the PI3K/AKT pathway, the relationship between the pathway and AD, and the possibility of the modulation of the pathway as a new therapeutic strategy for AD will be discussed briefly.
Alzheimer Disease* ; Amyloid ; Dementia ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase ; Tauopathies

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