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The Clinical Effectiveness of Open Septorhinoplasty for Primary Treatment of Nasal bone Fracture.

Jun Hee KIM ; Gyu Ho LEE ; Hang Sun CHO ; Kwang Ho LEE ; Youn Kyoung DO ; Kyung Soo KIM ; Hyun Jik KIM

Journal of Rhinology.2008;15(2):115-119.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Closed reduction has been a primary treatment procedure for nasal bone fracture, but the post-operative results have not always been satisfactory. We compared the satisfaction rate of closed reduction with that of open septorhinoplasty for the treatment of nasal bone fracture and evaluated the effectiveness of open septorhinoplasty for the primary treatment of nasal bone fracture. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent a closed reduction treatment for nasal bone fracture from March 2004 to February 2006 and conducted telephone surveys to monitor their post-operative cosmetic and functional problems. We estimated the factors that were involved in the low satisfaction rate and determined the indications of open septorhinoplasty. Prospectively, the patients who underwent open septorhinoplasty from September 2006 to August 2007 were interviewed for their cosmetic and functional satisfaction rate. RESULTS: Forty percent of the patients who underwent closed reduction had cosmetic concerns and twenty percent had functional concerns. The factors involved in the low satisfaction rate were septal fracture, associated fractures, and multiple fragmentation. Eight percent of the patients who underwent open septorhinoplasty had cosmetic concerns and other eight percent had functional concerns. CONCLUSION: A careful pre-operative evaluation of the type of fracture is important for the treatment of nasal bone fracture. Also, when nasal bone fracture is combined with septal fracture, associated fracture or unilateral fragmentation, open septorhinoplasty has to be considered to reduce secondary deformities and to improve the satisfaction rate of the patients.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Cosmetics ; Humans ; Nasal Bone ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhinoplasty ; Telephone

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Expression of p53, p21, Cycin D1, and Ki-67 in Sinonasal Tumors.

Ha Min JEONG ; Jae Hoon LEE ; Ki Jung YUN

Journal of Rhinology.2008;15(2):108-114.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study is to investigate alterations of cell-cycle-related molecules, including p53, p21, cyclin D1 and Ki-67, in tumors arising in the sinonasal region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study materials were 16 specimens of normal nasal mucosa, 16 inverted papillomas (IPs) and 12 sinonasal squamous cell carcinomas. The p53, p21, cyclin D1 and Ki-67 expression was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. RESULT: IP and squamous cell carcinoma showed significant increase in the expression of p53, cyclin D1 and Ki-67 than normal mucosa. The expression of p53, cyclin D1 and Ki-67 of the carcinoma was stronger than the IP. But, the p21 expression was not associated with the IP and carcinoma. CONCLUSION: Increased levels of p53, cyclin D1 and Ki-67 expression correlate with increased cell proliferation in the tumors of sinonasal regions. These findings indicate that p53, cyclin D1 and Ki-67 expression may be useful markers for the dysregulations of cell kinetics in the tumors of sinonasal region.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclin D1 ; Kinetics ; Mucous Membrane ; Nasal Mucosa ; Papilloma, Inverted

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Comparison of Correlation of Subjective Symptoms Between Total Respiratory Disturbance Index and Supine Respiratory Disturbance Index.

Young Gyu EUN ; Sung Wan KIM ; Kee Hwan KWON ; Kun Hee LEE ; Joong Saeng CHO

Journal of Rhinology.2008;15(2):103-107.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aggravating effect of the supine body position on breathing abnormalities during sleep appears to be due to the effect of gravity on the upper airway. All patients have a higher supine RDI (respiratory disturbance index) than total RDI. The body position during sleep may be the cause of night-to-night variability in the results of the polysomnography (PSG). The aim of this study is to compare the correlation of subjective symptoms with supine RDI and total RDI. MATERIALS AND METHOD: One hundred and twenty nine patients who visited for snoring and/or apnea, excessive daytime sleepiness were included in the study. All patients underwent full night PSG and were administered 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) for 14 symtoms and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). Supine RDI, lateral RDI and total RDI were measured in PSG. Patients were divided to positional patients (PP) and non-positional patients (NPP). RESULTS: Fifty of 97 obstructive sleep apnea patients (51.5%) were divided into PP group and 47 patients (48.5%) were divided into NPP group. Several symptoms had correlation with supine RDI and total RDI. In correlated symptoms, total RDI had higher correlation coefficient than supine RDI in both PP group and NPP group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that total RDI may reflect patient's subjective symptoms.
Apnea ; Gravitation ; Humans ; Polysomnography ; Respiration ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; Snoring ; Supine Position

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Role of Fungal and Bacterial Superantigen in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Polyps.

Seung Heon SHIN

Journal of Rhinology.2008;15(2):98-102.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disorder with numerous predisposing factors, including genetics, anatomic anomalies, bacteria, and fungus. CRS with nasal polyps can be distinguished by an eosinophilic type inflammation with a high concentration of IgE. Recent studies have implicated exposure to superantigens derived from Staphylococcus aureus and Alternaria as possible causes for the pahophysiology of nasal polyps. Superantigens are microbial toxins that bind to human leukocyte antigen class II histocompatibility molecules on antigen-presenting cells and T cell receptors on T cells simultaneously, bypassing classical antigen specificity. T lymphocyte sensitization to superantigen with production of the T-helper 2 cytokines has been proposed as a key step in the initiation of nasal polyps. This review summarize the current evidence for an active role of fungal and bacterial superantigens in CRS with nasal polyps. However, therapeutic approaches are so far limited and empirical, and need further improvement.
Alternaria ; Antigen-Presenting Cells ; Bacteria ; Cytokines ; Eosinophils ; Fungi ; Histocompatibility ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Inflammation ; Leukocytes ; Lymphocytes ; Nasal Polyps ; Polyps ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sinusitis ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Superantigens ; T-Lymphocytes

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Health Promotion and Prevention of Allergic Disease.

Soo Kweon KOO

Journal of Rhinology.2008;15(2):92-97.

The prevalence of allergic diseases have been increasing over the last few decades. These diseases have become a global public health problem and a burden to health care resources. Allergen exposure in the high risk group is one of the numerous factors contributing to the developing and worsening allergic diseases. Thus, prevention is a very important strategy in treating allergic diseases. This review focuses on environmental risk factors and possible preventive methods in combating allergic diseases.
Delivery of Health Care ; Health Promotion ; Hypersensitivity ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Risk Factors

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The Role of Otolaryngology in Dental Implantation.

Jin Hyeok JEONG ; Ki Tae KIM ; Seung Kyu CHUNG

Journal of Rhinology.2008;15(2):83-91.

In recent years, dental implants have become a frequently performed procedure in most dental clinics. The edentulous posterior maxilla provides a limited amount of bony volume due to atrophy of the alveolar ridge and pneumatization of the maxillary sinus. Consequently, dental implant placement in the posterior maxilla can be complicated and it becomes a matter for the otolaryngology field. However, for most otolaryngologists, knowledge of dental implantation is scarce. Therefore, consensus on the diagnosis and treatment associated with dental implants is needed. During consultation, before a dental implant, a nasal endoscope and paranasal sinus CT scan should be taken and any mucosal thickening, incidental polyps, acute sinusitis, chronic sinusitis, or malignancy should be differentiated and treated as needed. After the dental implant, acute sinusitis and migration of the dental implant into the maxillary sinus can occur because of damage to sinus mucosa or a foreign body reaction. These complications can be evaluated and treated more easily by an otolaryngologist than by a dentist. Nasal endoscopy and endoscopic sinus surgery can be applied to problems associated with dental implants.
Alveolar Process ; Atrophy ; Consensus ; Dental Clinics ; Dental Implantation ; Dental Implants ; Dentists ; Endoscopes ; Endoscopy ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Humans ; Maxilla ; Maxillary Sinus ; Mucous Membrane ; Otolaryngology ; Polyps ; Sinusitis

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Morphologic Analysis of Crista Galli Using Computed Tomography.

Jong Jun KIM ; Jae Hyeong CHO ; Jae Won CHOI ; Hyun Woo LIM ; Yong Jin SONG ; Soo Jung CHOI ; Nam Kyung YEO

Journal of Rhinology.2012;19(2):91-95.

OBJECTIVE: We often observe the variation of Crista galli (CG) which lies in the midline above the cribriform plate on computed tomography (CT) scans. We investigated the variations in CG and the factors which affect its pneumatization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the CT images of 818 chronic rhinosinusitis patients between July 2003 and July 2011. We investigated height, position relative to the cribriform plate, degree of pneumatization, and cell origin for the pneumatization in CG. We analyzed the relationship between several factors (age, sex, and position of CG) and pneumatization of CG. RESULTS: The average height of CG was 17.98 mm. In 13.9% of subjects, the base of CG did not extend below the level of the cribriform plate. In 84.2%, CG extended less than 50% of its height below the cribriform plate. In 1.8%, CG extended more than 50% of its height below the cribriform plate. Pneumatization of CG was found in 12.2%. Except one, every pneumatization was connected with the frontal sinus. The rate of pneumatization was significantly different depending on age. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that CG showed various morphology and pneumatizaiton. The pneumatization of CG was mainly originated from frontal sinus and related to aging.
Aging ; Ethmoid Bone ; Frontal Sinus ; Humans

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Understanding of the Aging Face.

Jin Young PARK ; Jung Ho BAE

Journal of Rhinology.2012;19(2):87-90.

Facial aging is a natural and unavoidable process for everyone. During the third decade of life and beyond, there is a gradual change in facial structure. Recently, the demand for facial rejuvenation has grown given the growth of an aging population that is in pursuit of a younger and fresher appearance that is more in line with their concept of aging. Facial plastic surgeons should understand the anatomical changes of the aging face and must be able to guide a patient through an appropriate rejuvenation strategy ranging from noninvasive, nonsurgical, and minimally invasive procedures to major surgical procedures.
Aging ; Humans ; Rejuvenation ; Rhytidoplasty

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Headache and Facial Pain Related to the Paranasal Sinuses.

Seung Kyu CHUNG

Journal of Rhinology.2012;19(2):83-86.

Headache, facial pain and fullness are frequent symptoms noted in patients with acute and chronic sinusitis. However, if patients presenting with a sinus headache were to be classified according to the 2nd Edition of The International Headache Classification by The International Headache Society, most would not be diagnosed as having a headache that is secondary to rhinosinusitis. In this review article, the limitations of the classification system of The International Headache Society and the pathophysiology of a sinus headache are reviewed. The future role of the rhinologist is also suggested.
Facial Pain ; Headache ; Humans ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Sinusitis

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A Case of Neurofibroma Presenting as a Nasolabial Mass.

Dae Jin SAH ; Choon Dong KIM ; Yoon Jung KIM ; Seung Woo KIM

Journal of Rhinology.2014;21(1):71-73.

Neurofibroma is a benign neurogenic tumor thatmost often occurs in the head and neck region. However, a solitary neurofibroma on the nasolabial fold is extremely rare, with only a few reported cases reported in the English literature. A 45-year-old woman with a nasolabial mass visited our department, and we performed an excisional biopsy using asublabial approach. The histopathology of the mass revealed it to be neurofibroma. We report a unique case of neurofibromain thenasolabial region with an associated literature review. To the best of our knowledge, no such case has previouslybeen reported in Korea.
Biopsy ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Nasolabial Fold ; Neck ; Neurofibroma*

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