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Clinical Practice Guideline for Accurate Diagnosis and Effective Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor in Korea.

Yoon Koo KANG ; Hye Jin KANG ; Kyoung Mee KIM ; Taesung SOHN ; Dongil CHOI ; Min Hee RYU ; Woo Ho KIM ; Han Kwang YANG

Cancer Research and Treatment.2012;44(2):85-96.

Despite their rarity in incidence and prevalence, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) have emerged as a distinct and noteworthy pathogenetic entity. The clinical management of GISTs has rapidly evolved due to the recent elucidation of their oncogenic signal transduction pathway and the introduction of molecular-targeted therapies. Successful management of GISTs requires a multidisciplinary approach firmly based on an accurate histopathologic diagnosis. In 2007, the Korean GIST study group published the first guideline for optimal diagnosis and treatment of GISTs in Korea. The second version of the guideline was published in 2010. Herein, we provide the results of relevant clinical studies for the purpose of further revision to the guideline. We expect this new guideline will enhance the accuracy of diagnosis, as performed by members of the Korean associate of physicians involved in GIST patient care, thus improving the efficacy of treatment.
Benzamides ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; Incidence ; Indoles ; Korea ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Patient Care ; Piperazines ; Prevalence ; Pyrimidines ; Pyrroles ; Signal Transduction ; Imatinib Mesylate

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Personalized Combined Modality Therapy for Locally Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

D Nathan KIM ; Taek Keun NAM ; Kevin S CHOE ; Hak CHOY

Cancer Research and Treatment.2012;44(2):74-84.

Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disease, and we have embarked on an era where patients will benefit from individualized therapeutic strategies based on identifiable molecular characteristics of the tumor. The landmark studies demonstrating the importance of molecular characterization of tumors for NSCLC patients, the promising molecular pathways, and the potential molecular targets/agents for treatment of this disease will be reviewed. Understanding these issues will aid in the development of rationally designed clinical trials, so as to determine best means of appropriately incorporating these molecular strategies, to the current standard of radiation and chemotherapy regimens, for the treatment of locally advanced NSCLC.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Precision Medicine ; Lung Neoplasms ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor

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New Step of Joint Publication with the Korean Association for Clinical Oncology.

Il Han KIM

Cancer Research and Treatment.2012;44(2):73-73.

No abstract available.
Joints ; Medical Oncology ; Publications

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Salvage Radiotherapy for Patients with PSA Relapse Following Radical Prostatectomy: Issues and Challenges.

Richard CHOO

Cancer Research and Treatment.2010;42(1):1-11.

A progressively rising level of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) after radical prostatectomy (RP) invariably indicates the recurrence of prostate cancer. The optimal management of patients with post-RP PSA relapse has remained uncertain due to a wide variability in the natural course of post-RP PSA relapse and the inability to separate a recurrent disease confined to the prostate bed from that with occult distant metastasis. Management uncertainty is further compounded by the lack of phase III clinical studies demonstrating which therapeutic approach, if any, would prolong life with no significant morbidity. Radiotherapy has been the main therapeutic modality with a curative potential for patients with post-RP PSA relapse. This review article depicts issues and challenges in the management of patients with post-RP PSA relapse, presents the literature data for the efficacy of salvage radiotherapy, either alone or in combination of androgen ablation therapy, and discusses future directions that can optimize treatment strategies.
Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Recurrence ; Uncertainty

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Calcified Carcinoma of the Gallbladder with Calcified Nodal Metastasis Presenting as a Porcelain Gallbladder: A Case Report.

Eun Joo YUN ; Dae Young YOON ; Chul Soon CHOI ; Sang Hoon BAE ; Young Lan SEO ; Suk Ki CHANG ; Kyoung Ja LIM ; Jung Hye KWON ; Mi Jung KWON ; Eun Sook NAM

Cancer Research and Treatment.2011;43(1):71-74.

Porcelain gallbladder is regarded as a risk factor of gallbladder cancer. A porcelain gallbladder with calcified regional lymph nodes was found using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a 43-year-old man who presented with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. His cholecystectomy specimen showed diffuse wall thickening and contained small gallstones. Histological examination revealed diffuse infiltrative adenocarcinoma with extensive intratumoral calcification (calcified carcinoma). The majority of the calcified material was located within or replaced the tumor glands, and was not found in the stroma. A lymph node was totally replaced with a calcified metastatic adenocarcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, only one case of calcified lymph node metastasis from a calcified carcinoma of the gallbladder has been previously reported in the literature. We herein add a case of calcified carcinoma of the gallbladder with calcified lymph node metastasis, presenting as a porcelain gallbladder on CT and MRI.
Abdominal Pain ; Adenocarcinoma ; Adult ; Cholecystectomy ; Dental Porcelain ; Gallbladder ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; Gallstones ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Nausea ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Risk Factors ; Vomiting

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Two Pediatric Osteosarcoma Cases with Delayed Methotrexate Excretion: Its Clinical Course and Management.

Kang Min LEE ; Hee Woo LEE ; Seung Yeon KIM ; Hyeon Jeong LEE ; Dong Hwan KIM ; Joongbum CHO ; Dong Ho KIM ; Jung Sub LIM ; Jin Kyung LEE ; Jun Ah LEE

Cancer Research and Treatment.2011;43(1):67-70.

High-dose methotrexate (MTX) chemotherapy extends the duration of hospitalization and introduces the risks of serious complications related to delayed MTX excretion. The treatment of delayed MTX excretion is largely dependent on invasive measures such as hemodialysis because the clinical data regarding the efficacy or safety of carboxypetidase G2 is limited. We report here on the cases of two pediatric osteosarcoma patients with delayed MTX excretion and who were successfully managed using supportive measures. Potential life-threatening complications were prevented by administering high doses of leucovorin.
Child ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Leucovorin ; Methotrexate ; Osteosarcoma ; Renal Dialysis

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Alpha-Type 1 Polarized Dendritic Cells Loaded with Apoptotic Allogeneic Breast Cancer Cells Can Induce Potent Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes against Breast Cancer.

Min Ho PARK ; Deok Hwan YANG ; Mi Hyun KIM ; Jae Hong JANG ; Yoon Young JANG ; Youn Kyung LEE ; Chun Ji JIN ; Than Nhan Nguyen PHAM ; Truc Anh Nguyen THI ; Mi Seon LIM ; Hyun Ju LEE ; Cheol Yi HONG ; Jung Han YOON ; Je Jung LEE

Cancer Research and Treatment.2011;43(1):56-66.

PURPOSE: Various tumor antigens can be loaded onto dendritic cells (DCs) to induce a potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response in DC-based immunotherapy against breast cancer. However, in the clinical setting, obtaining a sufficient number of autologous tumor cells as a source of tumor antigens is a laborious process. We therefore investigated the feasibility of immunotherapy using breast-cancer-specific CTLs generated in vitro by use of alpha-type 1 polarized DCs (alpha DC1s) loaded with ultraviolet B-irradiated cells of the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. MATERIALS AND METHODS: alphaDC1s were induced by loading allogeneic tumor antigen generated from the MCF-7 UVB-irradiated breast cancer cell line. Antigen-pulsed alphaDC1s were evaluated by morphological and functional assays, and the breast-cancer-specific CTL response was analyzed by cytotoxic assay. RESULTS: The alphaDC1s significantly increased the expression of several molecules related to DC maturation without differences according to whether the alphaDC1s were loaded with tumor antigens. The alphaDC1s showed a high production of interleukin-12 both during maturation and after subsequent stimulation with CD40L, which was not significantly affected by loading with tumor antigens. Breast-cancer-specific CTLs against autologous breast cancer cells were successfully induced by alphaDC1s loaded with apoptotic MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSION: Autologous DCs loaded with an allogeneic breast cancer cell line can generate potent breast-cancer-specific CTL responses. This may be a practical method for cellular immunotherapy in patients with breast cancer.
Antigens, Neoplasm ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; CD40 Ligand ; Cell Line ; Dendritic Cells ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Interleukin-12 ; Lymphocytes ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic

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Effects of Triterpenoid Glycosides from Fresh Ginseng Berry on SW480 Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line.

Jing Tian XIE ; Guang Jian DU ; Eryn MCENTEE ; Han H AUNG ; Hui HE ; Sangeeta R MEHENDALE ; Chong Zhi WANG ; Chun Su YUAN

Cancer Research and Treatment.2011;43(1):49-55.

PURPOSE: The pharmacological activities, notably the anticancer properties, of bioactive constituents fromfresh American ginseng berry have not yet been well studied. In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative effects of fresh American ginseng berry extract (AGBE) and its representative triterpenoid glycosides using the human colorectal cancer cell line SW480. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the contents of 8 ginsenosides in AGBE were determined. The cell growth inhibitory effects of AGBE and three triterpenoid glycosides (ginsenosides Rb3, Re, and Rg3) were evaluated by proliferation assay and 3H-thymidine incorporation assay. Cell cycle and apoptotic effects were analyzed by using flow cytometry after staining with propidium iodide and annexin V. RESULTS: HPLC analysis data showed that AGBE has a distinct ginsenoside profile. AGBE inhibited SW480 cell growth significantly in a time-dependent (24-96 hours) and concentration-dependent (0.1-1.0 mg/mL) manner. Ginsenosides Rb3, Re, and Rg3 also possess significant antiproliferative activities on SW480 cells. 3H-thymidine incorporation assay indicated that AGBE and ginsenosides Rb3, Re, and Rg3 might inhibit the transferring and duplication of DNA in SW480 cells. Flow cytometric assay data suggested that AGBE arrested SW480 cells in S and G2/M phases, and significantly induced cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION: AGBE and ginsenosides Rb3, Re, and Rg3 possessed significant antiproliferative effects and induced changes of morphological appearance on SW480 cells. The mechanisms of the antiproliferation of AGBE and tested ginsenosides involved could be cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis.
Apoptosis ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Line ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; DNA ; Flow Cytometry ; Fruit ; Ginsenosides ; Glycosides ; Humans ; Panax ; Propidium

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Reproductive and Hormonal Factors Associated with Fatty or Dense Breast Patterns among Korean Women.

Jei Hun JEON ; Jung Hyun KANG ; Yeonju KIM ; Hoo Yeon LEE ; Kui Son CHOI ; Jae Kwan JUN ; Dong Kwan OH ; Chang Yoon LEE ; Kyungran KO ; Eun Cheol PARK

Cancer Research and Treatment.2011;43(1):42-48.

PURPOSE: Dense breasts have been suggested as a risk factor for breast cancer, but controversy still remains. This study evaluates the association of reproductive and hormonal factors with dense breasts among Korean women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a cross-sectional design, 516 women were recruited and classified for breast density patterns as being either fatty or dense, using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) of the American College of Radiology. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In univariate logistic regression, older age, higher body mass index, older age at menarche, and oral contraceptive use were associated with more fatty breasts. On the contrary, longer duration of education, alcohol consumption, lower parity, menopause and use of hormone replacement therapy were associated with dense breasts. After adjustment, age and body mass index were inversely associated with breast density (p-value for trend <0.01, respectively), whereas nulliparous and premenopausal status were positively associated. Compared to women who had > or =2 children, nulliparous women had an 11.8-fold increase of dense breasts (p-value for trend <0.01). Compared to postmenopausal women, premenopausal women had 2.4-fold increase of dense breasts (odds ratio, 2.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.36 to 4.32). CONCLUSION: Young age, lower body mass index, lower parity, and premenopausal status were significantly associated with dense breasts in Korea.
Alcohol Drinking ; Body Mass Index ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Mammography ; Menarche ; Menopause ; Parity ; Risk Factors

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A Case of Organizing Pneumonia Associated with Rituximab.

Chi Hoon MAENG ; Sang Ouk CHIN ; Byung Hyuk YANG ; Si Young KIM ; Hwi Joong YOUN ; Kyung Sam CHO ; Sun Kyung BAEK ; Sun LEE

Cancer Research and Treatment.2007;39(2):88-91.

Rituximab is a human/murine chimeric anti-CD20 mono- clonal antibody used to treat CD20-positive B-cell non- Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Although most of the adverse effects associated with rituximab are usually reversible and temporary infusion-related reactions, including fever, chills, flushing and skin reactions, there are several reports of pulmonary events after long-term administration of rituximab. We present a case of asymp-tomatic nodular organizing pneumonia occurring during rituximab-based chemotherapy in a patient with non- Hodgkin's lymphoma.
B-Lymphocytes ; Chills ; Drug Therapy ; Fever ; Flushing ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Pneumonia* ; Skin ; Rituximab

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