Objective To investigate the occupational health status of 450 radiation workers in a steel mill when they resigned, and to provide references and suggestions for the occupational health monitoring of the enterprise employees and for the workers’ proper arrangement after their resignations. Methods Occupational health examinations were performedon 450 steel workers who were about to resign in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations. And the examination results were statistically analyzed. Results Among the 450 radiation workers, 82% had abnormal examination results which included chromosome aberration in peripheral blood lymphocytes (4.89%), lens opacity (44.44%), pinguecula (25.33%), hypertension (28.22%), thyroid dysfunction (9.59%), and abnormal liver ultrasound findings (30.89%). Compared with the normal population, these steel workers had a significantly higher chromosome aberration rate in peripheral blood lymphocytes and a significantly higher incidence rate of ocular disorders. Conclusion It is important to effectively manage the occupational health of radiation employees in steel mills, and to regularly provide training on occupational health protection. To avoid radiation damage, workers should pay close attention to radiation protection at work, especially eye protection, to avoid eye disorders.