As an efficacious treatment for end-stage liver diseases and primary malignant liver tumors, liver transplantation has been widely applied worldwide, and gradually receives widespread recognition from patients. With the development of organ transplant technique, vascular complications have rarely occurred after adult liver transplantation. However, vascular complications, such as postoperative thrombosis and anastomotic stenosis, are still common in the recipients undergoing living donor liver transplantation and split liver transplantation. Inappropriate treatment may lead to the loss of grafts and death of recipients. The authors have been engaged in liver transplantation for many years, witnessing persistent development of diagnostic and therapeutic technologies for vascular complications after liver transplantation. In this article, current status and development trend of diagnosis and treatment of different vascular complications were illustrated from the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of hepatic artery complications, portal vein complications, inferior vena cava and hepatic vein complications, aiming to further improve the survival rate of grafts and recipients and provide reference for promoting the development of clinical liver transplantation.