Abstract:The health of children and adolescents is not only related to the growth and wellbeing of individuals, but also to the construction and development of countries. This study reviewed policies that were issued by the central government since the founding of New China which focused on the prevention and treatment of common diseases among school-age children and adolescents. The results revealed that, since the founding of New China, policies for the prevention and control of common diseases among school-age children and adolescents increased in number, and they began to focus on specific rather than general health problems. A gradual emphasis was placed on the specific implementation of prevention and control measures, rather than on guiding principles. Increasingly more attention has been paid to the prevention and treatment of common diseases among school-age children and adolescents.