Objective: To study the relevance of expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR-1) and carcinogenesis and progression of ovarian epithelial neoplasm. Methods: Ten cases of normal ovarian tissues and 75 cases of ovarian epithelial neoplasm tissues were detected by immunohistochemical methods: S-P for bFGF, FGFR-1, double immunohistochemistry Lab-SA for Ki-67 antigen and bFGF. Results: The expression level of bFGF, FGFR-1 in ovarian epithelium and ovarian epithelial neoplasm showed a step-wise increase in the following order: normal 〈benign 〈borderline 〈malignant; The expression level and intensity of bFGF and FGFR-1 were increased with the decrease of differentiation degree and increase of clinical stage in ovarian carcinoma; There was no statistical difference between the expression of bFGF, FGFR-1 in serous cystadenocarcinoma and that of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma; The expression of bFGF was correlated with that of FGFR-1 in neoplastic tissues; There were positive expression rates of bFGF and Ki-67 antigen in ovarian epithelial neoplasm. Conclusion: As an important proliferative factor, bFGF plays an important role in carcinogenisis and progression of ovarian epithelial neoplasm.