Acute compartment syndrome refers to a series of symptoms of muscles and nerves in the compartment of the fascia due to acute ischaemia and hypoxia. It is more common in the volar and calf of the forearm.[1] Due to long-term ischaemia of muscles and nerves in the fascia, muscle necrosis and neurological dysfunction can occur, causing serious irreversible damage to the limbs. However, rhabdomyolysis is one of the major complications in the absence of fractures or other trauma. Rhabdomyolysis syndrome refers to the destruction and disintegration of striated muscle caused by various causes, by which intracellular components such as creatine kinase and myoglobin enter the blood circulation, causing systemic disorders in the body and even acute renal failure and other clinical syndromes.[2] This case introduces rhabdomyolysis induced by skeletal muscle ischaemia and hypoxia caused by upper limb compression after drinking, accompanied by upper limb compartment syndrome.