TANK- binding kinase 1（TBK1）acts as the hub of antiviral innate immune signal transduction. On the one hand，TBK1 could be activated by a variety of pattern recognition receptors（PRR）. On the other hand，as a critical kinase，activated TBK1 phosphorylates varieties of substrates，such as transcription factors interferon regulatory factor 3（IRF3）and IRF7 ，resulting in the initiation of antiviral innate immune responses. In this review ，we put emphasis on the TBK1 associated antiviral innate immune signaling ，as well as the regulation mechanisms of TBK1 expression and activation.