Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a series of diseases including simple fatty liver, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis, is one of the main causes of liver cirrhosis, carcinoma and liver transplantation. The mechanism of NAFLD is not fully understood. Besides the physical exercise and diet intervention, there is no recognized effective drug therapy for NAFLD. Pyroptosis is a newly discovered type of programmed cell death, which is associated with activation of caspase-1, or caspase-2 mediated inflammasome activation. The main function of inflammasome is to activate caspase-1, which indirectly regulates the expression and secretion of inflammatory factors interleukin-1 and interleukin-18. Recent studies have shown that inflammasome-associated pyroptosis plays a key role in NAFLD. This review will discuss the latest researches in this field to provide new scientific knowledge for prevention and treatment of NAFLD.