The principal goal of an abdominal wall reconstruction is to repair abdominal defects by restoring the continuity of the myofascial layer, providing functional structural support, and minimizing the risk of recurrence. Ramirez and colleagues originally described the components separation technique in 1990. This technique accomplishes primary fascial closure over the midline through bilateral the external oblique aponeurotomis lateral to the linea semilunaris. Several techniques including the perforator-sparing technique, minimally invasive laparoscopic approaches, and posterior component separation have been developed to improve the outcomes. Managements, such as the use of synthetic and bioloprosthetic mesh, for reinforcement adjunctively have further decreased the rate of complications. Further refinements and prospective studies will be needed to achieve more durable repairs.