Objective To explore the effects of marginal division of the striatum (MrD) stroke on associative learning and memory. Methods A total of 21 cases with marginal division of the striatum stroke were used as stroke group. The control group consisted of 21 healthy volunteers matched with the stroke group for sex, age and education. The clinical memory scale edited by Psychological research institute, Chinese academy of sciences was used to evaluate data of learning and memory. Results The score was significantly lower in stroke group compared with that of control group (17.71±5.59 vs. 24.80±5.05, P<0.01). The score was significantly lower in patients with lesions on left than that in patients with lesions on right (11.78 ± 1.48 vs. 22.17 ± 2.17, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the score between hemorrhagic stroke group (16.50±6.59) and ischemic stroke group (18.46±5.01,P>0.05). Conclusion Marginal division of the striatum stroke can cause the associative learning and memory disorder, which is more serious in patients with lesions on left than that in patients with lesions on right.