Objective To discuss the effects of Paclitaxel(PTX) on levels of CD28 and CTLA-4,B lymphocyte stimulator(BAFF) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE).Methods The 50 rats were divided into 5 groups by the random number table, 10 rats in each group,the doses of small group,Middle group, High group were 1 mg/kg,2 mg/kg,4 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection for 10 consecutive days, the normal group and model group were injected 0.9% NS 2 mL,Using brain tissue score to estimate the neurological dysfunctions of rats.Using flow cytometry to detect the levels of CD28 and CTLA-4,using enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) to detect the levels of BAFF.Results The brain tissue score in PTX experimental groups were lower than model group,the comparative differences between groups were statistically significant(P < 0.01);The levels of CD28 in PTX groups were lower than EAE group,the comparative differences between groups were statistically significant(P < 0.01).The levels of CTLA-4 in PTX groups were higher than EAE group,the comparative differences between groups were statistically significant(P < 0.01);the content of BAFF in all PTX groups were lower than EAE control group.Conclusions PTX could decrease the brain tissue score,the mechanism may adjust the express of CD28、CTLA-4 in brain and the expression of BAFF.PTX may have preventive and therapeutic effects on EAE rats.