Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4 inhibitor),a new kind of oral anti-diabetic medicine,has been widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) during the last decades.Recent evidence showed that DPP-4 inhibitor may have renal protective effects beyond glycemic control.Some clinical studies revealed that the reduction of HbA1c by DPP-4 inhibitor was paralleled by an improvement of albuminuria and renal function.Experimental studies indicated that the renal protection mechanism of DPP-4 inhibitor may be involved in its multiple effects including anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidation and improvement of endothelial function.However,the evidence of decreasing albuminuria for DPP-4 inhibitor mainly comes from animal models and some clinical trials with small sample size.More large randomized controlled trials (RCT) will be needed to certify the renal protection effect of DPP-4 inhibitor.In this review,the role of DPP-4 inhibitor on albuminuria will be considered and discussed from both experimental and clinical perspectives.