In hysteroscopic surgery, transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) syndrome is due to the pressure and distention of uterine distention medium.A large number of uterine distention fluid absorption causes dilution hyponatremia and hypervolemia and a series of clinical symptoms.When not timely diagnosed and treated, it may become fatal.The four stage hysteroscopic surgery is the highest difficult and the most prone to TURP syndrome.This paper reviewed current situation of hysteroscopy with TURP syndrome in recent years and explored the risk factors of TURP syndrome during hysteroscopy, for a more targeted prevention of TURP syndrome.