Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) was the most common type of epilepsy.The cognitive function such as memory,language,executive function could be damaged due to recurrent seizures,the life quality of patients decreased further.However,the mechanism of cognitive dysfunction caused by TLE was unclear,no effective treatment could be performed.With the development of MRI and post-processing techniques,DTI,voxel based morphometry and fMRI had been employed to investigate the cerebral structure and network changes in TLE patients with cognitive impairment,which had found cognitive impairment was related to structural and functional changes in some brain regions.This paper reviewed the progresses of brain structural and functional changes of TLE with cognitive impairment.